Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder and is the most significant public health concern nowadays. Previous study showed that essential oil extracted from Momordica charantia's seed exhibited gastroprotective effect. However, the evidence for the gastroprotective effect of its active compound, polypeptide K (PPK), remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the preventive effect of PPK against different experimental gastric lesions models in rats. The possible gastroprotective effect of PPK was assessed in hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in Sprague Dawley rats and was further evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Pyloric ligation experiments were used to investigate gastric secretion. Oral administration of PPK at all concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in total area of lesion in both hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The highest inhibition rate was seen in PPK dose of 50 mg/kg with 64.9% and 72.2% on hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin models, respectively. Microscopically, PPK preserved the normal architectures of the gastric tissues from being damaged by hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin. Further, in the pyloric ligation studies, PPK significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the ulcer area where the highest protection was exhibited by 50 mg/kg with 70% inhibition rate. Moreover, all concentrations of PPK also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrated the gastroprotective effect of PPK on hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The possible mechanism might be associated with enhanced mucus secretion and thus lowering the total acidity.
Highlights
Despite significant progress in our knowledge of peptic ulcer disease, its etiology still remains largely unknown. e increasing usage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is one of the most well-known causal factors for peptide ulcer disease [1]
It is consumed as a vegetable in many countries, but it has often been used in a number of Asian traditional medicine systems to treat a variety of illnesses since ancient times, including ulcer [5], inflammation [6], and hyperglycemia [7]. e seed is used in the treatment of diabetes, stomachache, intestinal parasites, intestinal gas, ulcer, and liver and spleen problems [8] traditionally, while pharmacological actions that have been documented match the traditional usage, such as antihyperglycemic [9], antiulcerogenic [4], and hepatoprotective effects [10]
Both 10 and 25 mg/kg of polypeptide K (PPK) reduced the ulcer index (35.67 ± 3.84 mm2 and 33.16 ± 4.13 mm2, respectively) but somehow there was no significant difference compared to the hydrochloride acid (HCl)/EtOH group; reference drug, ranitidine, significantly reduced the gastric index. is data indicated that only the high dosage of PPK was able to suppress HCl/EtOHinduced gastric ulceration
Summary
Despite significant progress in our knowledge of peptic ulcer disease, its etiology still remains largely unknown. e increasing usage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is one of the most well-known causal factors for peptide ulcer disease [1]. Oxidative stress, alcohol consumption, smoking, Helicobacter pylori infection, and imbalance between exogenous damaging agents and endogenous protective mechanisms result in gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration [2] It is one of the dangerous gastrointestinal diseases in the world, affecting roughly 5–10% of the global population [3], with a substantial influence on morbidity and mortality globally, posing a huge burden on healthcare resources. (MC) from Cucurbitaceae family is usually called bitter melon or bitter gourd that is native to ailand, India, and Africa’s semitropical climates It is consumed as a vegetable in many countries, but it has often been used in a number of Asian traditional medicine systems to treat a variety of illnesses since ancient times, including ulcer [5], inflammation [6], and hyperglycemia [7]. It is consumed as a vegetable in many countries, but it has often been used in a number of Asian traditional medicine systems to treat a variety of illnesses since ancient times, including ulcer [5], inflammation [6], and hyperglycemia [7]. e seed is used in the treatment of diabetes, stomachache, intestinal parasites, intestinal gas, ulcer, and liver and spleen problems [8] traditionally, while pharmacological actions that have been documented match the traditional usage, such as antihyperglycemic [9], antiulcerogenic [4], and hepatoprotective effects [10]
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