Development Of Individual Skills Research Articles

КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ АДАПТАЦІЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ІНОЗЕМНОГО СТУДЕНТА

The article deals with the direct influence of social environment on the individual internal skills development, which contributes to its formation as a professional element of the modern labor market. Besides, the nature of the individuality, that lies in the complex of certain features is reviewed. Such features are used during the connection processes with the environment and the availability of interpersonal activity skills, which aimed on the communication process execution with other people. The foreign student during the interaction with the environment of studying country, is under the culture shock influence, that is why it is necessary to apply certain approaches that will promote to more effective socialization and integration into a new academic and socio-cultural environment. One of the main approaches is competence, which helps to create such personal skills that would facilitate to the possibility of implementation of the most qualitative built interpersonal and intercultural interaction. The views of scholars of the term «competence approach» were considered, that helps to come to the definition as a individual opportunity to use the acquired competencies in the practice plane for solving certain problems and issues that have adaptive character. It was found that competent approach enables its using not only in the educational process at the university or college (that means the development of certain set of competencies, both theoretically and practically and also performing the analytical activity to detect probable errors in the preparatory programs and their further removal), but also after finishing the educational process, during the selection the candidates for certain positions. The differences between the concepts «competency» and «competence» were investigated, that helps to come to the conclusion that competencies are the elements, which helps to carry out the certain type activity, in addition, the number of such formed elements may differ from the direction and complexity of activity. In turn, competence is the ability of the individual to manage competencies in the process of academic or sociocultural activity. Key words: competence, competency, personality, competence approach, educational (academic) process, socio-cultural activity.

Employment Support for Autistic Adults in the Information Technology Sector: A Case Study of Meticulon Consulting Inc.

Autistic adults are at heightened risk to experience poor employment outcomes. Employment supports are suggested to improve these outcomes, but relatively little is known about the key ingredients of employment support and their respective impact. We conducted a case study of employment support offered by Meticulon Consulting Inc., a social enterprise that facilitates and supports employment in the information technology (IT) sector for autistic adults. We conducted three sequential interviews (once per month) with four autistic adults working in the IT sector and receiving employment support, as well as one-time interviews with nine employers and three employment support personnel. Participants valued employment support. They appreciated the immediacy and flexibility of support, varied assistance offered to both employees and employers, and organizational learning about needed workplace adjustments. Participants further stated that employment support improved work environments, decreased employee anxiety at work, and improved employee confidence. Challenges to employment included gaps in support during times of employment interruption, waning employee motivation, and mental health service gaps in the community. Recommendations for future advancement entailed (1) continuous support even in periods of unemployment, (2) employment support services across industries and sectors beyond IT, and (3) greater opportunity for autistic people, as they desire, to advance to leadership roles in employment settings. The study identifies benefits of, and guidance for, employment support in the IT sector. We offer recommendations, with potential relevance for autistic employees, employers, and employment support providers. Ensuring employment-related supports, as needed and desired by autistic adults, is a priority for advancing employment outcomes in this population. Why was this study done?: We did this study to learn about employment support in the information technology (IT) sector since little is known about these supports and they may be important in helping autistic adults obtain and keep jobs.What was the purpose of this study?: We sought to explore employment support for autistic individuals working in the IT sector including what employment support was like for autistic adults, individuals employing them, and professionals providing them employment support.What did the researchers do?: We asked 16 people with experience receiving or providing employment supports in the IT sector about their thoughts on employment support: 4 autistic adults who received program support, 9 employers, and 3 employment support professionals.What were the results of the study?: Both employers and employees found employment support services helpful in obtaining and retaining employment. Participants described positive experiences with employment support, including better access to suitable and satisfying employment, improved work environments, decreased anxiety, and a supportive and trusting relationship with the job coaches. Employers noted the proficiency of the employees in their work duties, and identified the job coaches as sources of knowledge and guidance. Employers described benefits to their organizations including learning and growth in their work environment related to attitudes and knowledge about autism and autistic coworkers. Participants recommended (1) continuous employment support even in times of employment interruption, (2) providing employment support across industries and sectors beyond IT, and (3) fostering opportunities for leadership roles for autistic adults, as they desire. Some challenges identified by participants included gaps in services when individuals were waiting to be employed, employees losing motivation, and gaps in community mental health services.What do these findings add to what was already known?: This study helps us better understand employment support in IT jobs. It adds knowledge about the benefits that autistic adults receive from this support. It also describes the importance of extending beyond only individual skill development and moving toward the development of an "ecosystem" of support with increased community resources, including supporting potential employers and reducing barriers to employment. The study also describes specific tasks of employment support, such as brokering communication between employees and employers.What are potential weaknesses in the study?: We did this study in a single region and with a small group of people. It is possible others might have different experiences and perspectives.How will these findings help autistic adults now or in the future?: This study highlights the value of employment support for autistic adults in the IT sector. With wider availability of effective employment support, it is hoped that more autistic adults will achieve better and more satisfying employment. Our findings offer information that can potentially contribute to good and satisfying career opportunities for autistic adults.

Performative Arts & Pedagogy: A German Perspective

Theatre pedagogy involves professional theatre educators putting on theatre with non-professional actors, conveying to them the art of theatre both in terms of production and reception, initiating learning processes and thus enabling the development of aesthetic, social and individual skills, which include the ability to reflect on theatre education from different theoretical perspectives. This understanding of the concept is to be situated within the context of the “aesthetic turn” of the 1990s, which followed on from the dominant role that in the preceding period had been afforded to personality development, collective learning processes and the passing on of political awareness. Functional applications are not to be excluded here, such as sociocultural application, theatre for personal development processes, social interventions and foreign and second language acquisition, although the difference between the art of theatre as an aesthetic field and theatre methods as a tool used within social, mental or learning processes should still always be kept in mind. The term “applied theatre” also is appropriate in this context, whereby application is understood in terms of usefulness. Theatre educational work usually takes place within projects that aim at the presentation of the results of the working process, that is, in the form ...

Educational Wastage Quantitative Bat Vocational Training Institutions In Ouargla Province

Vocational training sector is one of the most important tools of the country for the preparation of human capital and the development of individual skills, especially that the latter is among the significant mechanisms of activating economic growth of each society. Despite its importance, vocational training encounters various obstacles that prevent achieving its aims on the individual and the community levels so that it would result in prosperity and progress of the society. One of these obstacles is the phenomenon of educational wastage. Thus, the present study tried to investigate educational wastage at vocational training institutions in Ouargla Province (south-east of Algeria) during the period (2014-2016). Results are displayed in tables for easy to read, followed by analyze qualitative analysis for these results. Keywords - educational wastage-Vocational training- Trainees.

Coach-athlete relationship and collective efficacy in volleyball: is the association explained by athletes’ goal orientations?

The mediating role of goal orientations in the association between coach-athlete relationship (CAR) and collective efficacy (CE) was investigated. Participants were 185 Brazilian young volleyball players participants of a State championship. Data were obtained using the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports. Structural Equation Modeling revealed CAR had a moderate effect on task orientation. Task orientation was associated with CE. CAR had a positive effect on ego orientation. Ego orientation was not associated with CE. When the association between CAR and CE was mediated by task orientation, the relationship explained 27% of the CE variance. The results suggest that a good quality CAR allows athletes to be more focused on their goals and individual skill development, and, consequently, this type of focus allows the team to perform more effectively.

Levels of Coordination in Early Semantic Development

Abstract In this paper, we show that early interaction can be seen as comprising of strands of coordinated activity on multiple levels and timescales. In tracing the development of such multilayered organization from an embodied and situated perspective, we underscore the role of the reliable presence of the structured environment, an enacted niche, supporting the segregation and integration of participatory interaction strands. This perspective allows us to study the development of social coordination not only in terms of development of individual skills but, crucially, as a change of participatory emergent patterns, a transformation in engagement. We illustrate this approach with some results from the collaborative research project on Early Semantic Development (EASE). Using qualitative microanalysis combined with quantitative dynamical time series analyses, we were able to demonstrate several layers of such organization: from local forms of coordination, such as basic informational coupling within a modality, and the emergence of specific social affordances, to more global co-action structures such as affect imbued ‘action arcs’ – dynamic action contours with a beginning, build-up, climax and resolution, co-enacted by participants. Pointing to future work, we underscore the potential of these global structures to contribute to the emergence of more complex interactions, such as composite activities within ‘pragmatic frames’, narratives, or language.

Techniques for the Development of Individual Study Skills through Personalized Learning

Techniques for the Development of Individual Study Skills through Personalized Learning

O processo de fruição do modificador-player no modelo de design audiovisual

Este artigo analisa a transformação da fruição de conteúdos audiovisuais, que está impactando sua produção e modificando sua recepção. A propagação de conteúdos audiovisuais tem se intensificado nos últimos anos devido à disseminação de softwares de produção, modificação e distribuição, com interfaces simples e eficientes. A partir de bases fornecidas pelas áreas de interação humano-computador e estudos da audiência, este artigo usa o modelo do design audiovisual como proposta metodológica para compreender a fruição das audiências, as novas relações mediadas por softwares e, por fim, a definição sobre o papel do modificador-player nesse modelo. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades dos indivíduos como fatores relevantes para a fruição de conteúdos audiovisuais.

Factors Affecting the Development of Confidence Among Surgical Trainees

The objective of this study was to explore and better characterize the factors affecting confidence during surgical training. This was a qualitative research study in which we conducted semistructured interviews with surgical residents to explore factors affecting their confidence. This study was conducted at the University of Alberta Hospital, a tertiary care center located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Residents from the University of Alberta General Surgery residency program were invited to participate from each postgraduate year (PGY) 2, 3, and 4 for a total of 7 participants (3 PGY-2, 3 PGY-3, and 1 PGY-4; 3 male, and 4 female). We excluded residents who had completed or were currently enrolled in dedicated research years. Resident confidence was found to be influenced by internal and external factors operating before, during, and after a particular surgical task. Internal factors incorporated personal experiences (including operative experience), personal expectations, self-perception, and individual skill development. External factors involved feedback, patient outcomes, relationships with staff, and working within a supportive environment. Interestingly, residents discussed external social factors more than case volume, technical skills, or underlying knowledge. Residents did not feel that their personal lives (e.g. marital status or having children) directly affected their surgical confidence. Regardless of the factor itself, positive experiences helped build and maintain confidence by providing feelings of reassurance, encouragement, comfort, and acceptance. Surgical confidence is influenced by a range of internal and external factors. Understanding these factors can help educators improve learning experiences for residents and accelerate their progress towards being confident, independent surgeons.

Рівень розвитку рухових якостей дітей старшого дошкільного віку

Purpose : determine the level of development of individual motor skills in children 5–6 years. Material & Methods : study involved 52 pupils of a pre-school institution of 5–6 years old. Such research methods were used as theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics. Results : presents a comparison of motor performance indicators in the age, sex aspects and with the corresponding rating scale. Conclusion: in the sexual aspect, it was found that the boys show better results than the girls, with the exception of forward torsion from the sitting position and flexion of the foot, where the results are better for girls; Analyzing the level of development of individual physical qualities relative to age, it should be noted that the results of children improve with age; comparing the results with the standards, showed that the indicators correspond to the average level.

The Rationality of (Over)imitation

Imitation is a powerful and ubiquitous social learning strategy, fundamental for the development of individual skills and cultural traditions. Recent research on the cognitive foundations and development of imitation, though, presents a surprising picture: Although even infants imitate in selective, efficient, and rational ways, children and adults engage in overimitation. Rather than imitating selectively and efficiently, they sometimes faithfully reproduce causally irrelevant actions as much as relevant ones. In this article, we suggest a new perspective on this phenomenon by integrating established findings on children’s more general capacities for rational action parsing with newer findings on overimitation. We suggest that overimitation is a consequence of children’s growing capacities to understand causal and social constraints in relation to goals and that it rests on the human capacity to represent observed actions simultaneously on different levels of goal hierarchies.

How do NHS organisations plan research capacity development? Strategies, strengths, and opportunities for improvement

Research that is integral into a ‘learning healthcare system’ can promote cost effective services and knowledge creation. As such, research is defined as a ‘core function’ in UK health service organisations, and is often planned through research and development (R&D) strategies that aim to promote research activity and research capacity development (RCD).The discussion focuses around the content of ten R&D strategies for healthcare organisations in England and Scotland, with respect to RCD. These organisations were engaged with a research interest network called ACORN (Addressing Organisational Capacity to do Research Network) that included two Scottish Health Boards, four community and mental health trusts, two provincial district hospitals, and two teaching hospitals.We undertook a thematic documentary analysis of the R&D strategies which identified 11 ‘core activities’ of RCD. The potential for building research capacity in these ‘core activities’ was established by reviewing them through the lens of a RCD framework.Core activities aimed to ‘hard wire’ RCD into health organisations. They demonstrated a complex interplay between developing a strong internal organisational infrastructure, and supporting individual career planning and skills development, in turn enabled by organisational processes. They also included activities to build stronger inter-organisational relationships and networks. Practitioner, manager and patient involvement was a cross cutting theme. The potential to demonstrate progress was included in plans through monitoring activity across all RCD principles. Strategies were primarily aimed at research production rather than research use. Developing ‘actionable dissemination’ was poorly addressed in the strategies, and represents an area for improvement.We describe strengths of RCD planning activities, and opportunities for improvement. We explore how national policy and research funders can influence health systems’ engagement in research.

Entrepreneurship education pedagogy: teacher-student-centred paradox

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the research question: “Do different pedagogies used in teaching entrepreneurship education influence individual skill development, which then in turn translates into a likelihood of entrepreneurial implementation intention?”Design/methodology/approachThe number of total participants for the quasi-experiment was 308 undergraduate students in Malaysia, in which pre- and post-test (n=203) and control (n=105) groups are included. Students who enroled in the entrepreneurship course were randomly allocated into a class employing teacher-centred pedagogy or student-centred pedagogy. Learning outcomes are measured by objective and subjective measures.FindingsBoth pedagogical approaches had a positive effect on the development of the learning outcomes. However, the students who learned using the teacher-centred approach statistically developed a higher level of objective and subjective learning outcomes compared to the students who learned using the student-centred approach. The findings also suggest that the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention mediates by learned skills.Originality/valueThe quasi-experimental design greatly improves the ability to make accurate claims about the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurship-related outcomes. Further, the study uses the implementation intention strategy in measuring the entrepreneurial intention. Thus, the study strongly supports for the view that implementation intention improves predictive validity of the behavioural intention within the framework of theory of planned behaviour by setting out in advance when, where, and how the goal will be achieved.

Skills, systems and supports: An Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (Apunipima) approach to building health promotion evaluation capacity of staff.

Building the health promotion evaluation capacity of a workforce requires more than a focus on individual skills and confidence. We must also consider the organisational systems and supports that enable staff to embed learnings into practice. This paper describes the processes used to build health promotion evaluation capacity of staff in an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS). To build health promotion evaluation capacity three approaches were used: (i) workshops and mentoring; (ii) strengthening systems to support program reporting; and (iii) recruitment of staff with skills and experience. Pre- and post-questionnaires determined levels of individual skills and confidence, updated systems were assessed for adequacy to support new health promotion practices and surveys captured the usefulness of workshops and mentoring. There was increased participant skills and confidence. Participants completed program impact evaluation reports and results were successfully presented at national conferences. The health promotion team was then able to update in-house systems to support new health promotion practices. Ongoing collaboration with experienced in-house researchers provided basic research training and professional mentoring. Building health promotion evaluation capacity of staff in an ACCHS can be achieved by providing individual skill development, strengthening organisational systems and utilising professional support. SO WHAT?: Health promotion practitioners have an ongoing professional obligation to improve the quality of routine practice and embrace new initiatives. This report outlines a process of building evaluation capacity that promotes quality reporting of program impacts and outcomes, reflects on ways to enhance program strengths, and communicates these findings internally and to outside professional bodies. This is particularly significant for ACCHSs responsible for addressing the high burden of preventable disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.

Perceived usefulness of mirrored video self-modeling in the development of bilateral competence in elite team-sports

The use of video technology in perfecting athletic training has many benefits on performance. The aim of this study was to determine: (1) athletes' perception of the importance of bilateral skills in sports; (2) the prevalence of use of video feedback in individual skill development; and (3) athletes' attitude toward video self-modelling in four sports. A total of 20 elite athletes, from four popular team sports, were interviewed regarding the three issues using semi-structured interviews. The qualitative results indicate that bilateral skills are differently appreciated in the four team sports. They are perceived as the most important by soccer players, followed by basketball- and handball players and least important by the water polo players. These findings are in full synchrony with athletes’ attitudes toward using mirrored video self-modelling. It emerges that the use of technology for developing bilateral skills, with the aim to improve sport performance, is currently sport specific and matches the actual worldwide ranking of the sports' popularity.

Gender Differences In Development Of Explosive Power And Rapidity In Schoolchildren Aged 14-15 Years Old

The primary task of physical education is the harmonious development of all anthropological parameters and characteristics of children. Knowing the motor skills of pupils, male and female, is directly related to the effects of physical education classes and the development of individual motor skills. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the quantitative motor skills between boys and girls. The sample includes a population of 42 primary school students from primary school Serbia in East Sarajevo, aged 14 ± 0.5 years divided into two sub-categories. The variable long-jump variation (MDSM-cm) has been used to estimate the explosive power, while the variable 30 meters sprint (MT30V-sec) has been used to estimate the acceleration. By analyzing the T-test, statistically significant differences between boys and girls have been found.

Simulation-based training: applications in clinical pharmacy

The role of pharmacists in the UK has evolved substantially over recent years. Simulation-based training (SBT) is a widely used educational technique that could support the development of the clinical skills and competencies required of pharmacists. However, while SBT is widely adopted in other healthcare areas, evidence supporting its use in pharmacy is limited in the UK. This article discusses how SBT can be applied to clinical pharmacy and describes the educational benefits of developing pharmacists’ technical and non-technical skills. The application of SBT in other industries and healthcare areas is discussed, with consideration of the types of simulation techniques used and design of the simulation sessions. Evidence supporting the use of high-fidelity SBT for pharmacists is reviewed for both individual skill acquisition and development of multiprofessional team performance. Applications of SBT to support both patient safety and development of the skills required for pharmacists are described with consideration of the challenges and barriers to its implementation.

Comparison of stress and burnout among anesthesia and surgical residents in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India

Objective:The residents undergoing training at hospitals in our country face challenges in terms of infrastructure and high workload with undefined working hours. The aim of the study was to compare the stress and burnout levels in trainee doctors doing residency in surgical fields and anesthesia at a tertiary care academic center in North India.Materials and Methods:A comparative, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. After Ethics Committee approval, 200 residents (100 each from surgical branches and anesthesia) were required to fill a questionnaire with information about age, sex, year of residency, marital status, and the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire-12. Burnout and perceived stress were compared between residents of anesthesia and surgical specialties.Results:Residents of both surgical and anesthesia branches scored high in perceived stress, namely 21 and 18, respectively. The score was significantly higher in surgical residents (P = 0.03) and increased progressively with the year of residency. The majority of residents (90% surgical, 80% anesthesia) felt that they were being overloaded with work. However, only 20%–30% of respondents felt that there was lack of development of individual skills and still fewer (<10%) reported giving up in view of difficulties.Conclusion:There is high level of stress and overload dimension of burnout among the residents of anesthesia and surgical branches at our tertiary care academic institution and the surgical residents score marginally higher than anesthesia residents.

COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES ON SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN

This paper discusses about the perspectives of the local community, family, school and peers on special needs children (or disabled children) schooling under the Special Education Integrated Programme in Bintulu District Education Office, Sarawak, Malaysia. This discussion is done based on the resources of past research conducted in Malaysia as well as overseas such as in the United States, Britain, Italy, and India. Labeling theory and theories of perception are reviewed engaging the social conflicts. Totally 88 respondents from Chinese community had been taken to answer the questionnaire. In general, there is a handful optimistic views that special needs children have their own talent, they are the special gift from God, they can distinguish good or bad things, have influences and roles to play. In addition, community feels sympathy with them, the community likes mingling with them and believe they can make hands activities very well. Due to the environmental impact on the development of individual and social skills of special needs child, the study suggested that Malaysians continue to hold to the principles to provide safe and quality education to special needs children. Efforts need to continue to foster a healthier community awareness and positive support on special needs children so that a gap of discrimination can be reduced because every individual has the right to obtain social development and quality of education.

Engaging Learners in Health System Quality Improvement Efforts.

In 1999, an Institute of Medicine report spurred health care organizations to implement systems-based quality improve ment efforts and tackle patient safety. Simultaneously, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education asked residency programs to address Practice-Based Learning and Systems-Based Practice competencies. Medical educators now advocate incorporation of these competencies in undergraduate medical education.The authors examine the success of these efforts both from the health care delivery and systems perspective as well as from the perspective of educators as they aspire to engage medical students and residents in these domains. The authors argue that the missing element that prevents health care systems from the full realization of the promise of quality improvement is bidirectional alignment. Included are examples from the literature to demonstrate how medical educators are moving toward alignment of learners with health system quality improvement and safety needs. Finally, the authors explore business and information technology governance literature in support of the hypothesis that bidirectional alignment should be the next step in moving from reactive to proactive systems of care.