Indian Settlement Research Articles

Hacienda Social Relations in Mexico:The Chalco Region in the Era of Independence

T HE Mexican hacienda, a great agricultural estate, evolved at junction of Spanish power and Indian resistance.' Through ownership of rural properties, Spaniards strove to control land and water resources and thus to profit in an economy based on feeding Mexico's urban population. In opposition to long-term growth of great estate, Indians struggled to retain subsistence lands, fighting to avoid total dependence on Spaniards' economy. Estates developed, with important regional variations, from resolution of this widespread conflict. By late colonial years hacienda had become, in words of Charles Gibson, the most comprehensive institution yet devised for Spanish mastery and Indian subordination.2 The present inquiry examines hacienda as a vehicle of SpanishIndian relations at Chalco, a region of fertile lands and dense Indian settlement lying from fifteen to forty miles southeast of Mexico City. Primary attention is focused upon both persons involved and their relationships: a landed elite residing in capital and directing hacienda economy; estate administrators and village priests serving urban, Spanish interests in rural environment; village leaders tying Indian population into wider society; and Chalco village Indians laboring at estates yet preserving remarkable social cohesion and autonomy. During three decades following achlievement of national

: Little white Salmon Indian Settlement . Treaty Indians of the Columbia, Inc. Community Eye Design Works.

: Little white Salmon Indian Settlement . Treaty Indians of the Columbia, Inc. Community Eye Design Works.

The Mesquakie Indian Settlement in 1905

The Mesquakie Indian Settlement in 1905

The Great Powers and the Indian Sub-Continent*

LIKE -the Netherlands and like Britain, the Indian sub-continent looks out across the sea while at the same time being deeply engaged in the politics of the continental land-mass in its hinterland. The outside powers with interests in the sub-continent therefore fall into two broad categories-those whose interests arise from what might be called the ' oceanic' aspect of the sub-continent's external relations, and those whose interests stem from their 'continental' aspect. Before the British conquest of India the 'continental' aspect predominated; but at the same time India's 'oceanic' connections ranged from the Mediterranean basin to southern Africa and south-east Asia. And although during the 200 years down to 1947, and even since then, the dominant connection has been ' oceanic ' in character, there is a sense in which the ' continental ' aspect of India's strategic situation is the more enduring and permanent. Although the sea is open, it is flux; while the mountains are a barrier, they do not fly away. Nevertheless, we must not underestimate the contemporary importance of the Indian sub-continent's 'oceanic' relations, which of course include its relations with Britain. For centuries the external trade of the subcontinental states has been very largely maritime rather than landward; and the economic connections across the continental land routes have been very much less isignificant than those which have lain across the ocean routes. This bias was not introduced but was merely reinforced by the experience of British rule. The British Indian settlement in the African hinterland, in South Africa, in the West Indies and in the United Kingdom itself was only an extension of the previously existing immigration in south-east Asia and along the east African and Arabian seaboard. While the underlying forms of the Indian and Pakistani character-if not perhaps the character of the Bengalis-derive from successive ' continental ' conquests stemming from the Near East, the dominant culture in the contemporary sub-continent is that which was imposed by an ' oceanic' occupation originating in Western Europe. Thus the sub-continental states are all members of the Commonwealth -or they were, until Pakistan withdrew in January 1972. They are all

Human daily rhythms of renal excretion in a modern arctic Indian settlement during the midwinter darkness

Abstract Thirteen years ago, the daily rhythms of renal excretion of Arctic‐dwelling Indians in the Yukon Territory were investigated during the winter darktime (Lobban, 1967). These people were then living close to the land, and it was found that the relative amplitudes (A/M) of their rhythms were appreciably smaller than those of temperate zone control subjects, that the temporal phase was delayed, and that there were significant differences in the total daily excretion of water (Indians> controls) and salt (controls>Indians). No sex or age differences were observed in the group. In the winter 1970/71 the urinary rhythms of another group of Indians (ethnically and, in some cases, directly related to the earlier subjects) were examined at Fort McPherson in the North West Territories, the lifestyle of the people has changed, and this old‐established community has many modern features. The excretory rhythms of 20 Indians (7 male, 13 female; 11 adult, 9 aged; age range 29–91 years, average age 55 years) hav...

Recent Migration to the Peruvian Montaña

RECENT MIGRATION TO THE PERUVIAN MONTANA Past migration, as well as the need and opportunites for future migration to the montana are discussed in the context of Peru's economie and demographie development. Correlations between extent and spatial pattern of migration, and economie opportunity as well as absorptive capacity of frontier zones are examined. Seasonal migration, suitcase farming, and permanent relocation are analyzed with respect to existing interrelationships and the cultural and economie factors which condition them. Unsatisfactory migration performance of highland Indians is attributed to inadequate land tenure organization and deficient government services in the montana rather than cultural impediments to which this phenomenon has traditionally been attributed. Migration response to existing settlement opportunity is considered encouraging and indicative of a significant migration potential if specifie obstacles to highland Indian settlement can be removed.

Kijik: An Historic Tanaina Indian Settlement, by James W. VanStone and Joan B. Townsend

Kijik: An Historic Tanaina Indian Settlement, by James W. VanStone and Joan B. Townsend

Some Aspects of Indian Settlement in Singapore, 1819–1969

The full story of the Indians in Malaya has yet to be told. Here an attempt is made to assemble the information relating to some aspects of their settlement in Singapore over the last one hundred and fifty years.

Indian Economic Life in Chiapas

*T HE forms of economic organization, together with their geographic distribution, are obvious keys to differences in landscape, and set the limits within which particular geographic structures may develop. In many parts of the world, several distinct economies coexist in the same area, giving an opportunity for comparison of their respective geographic expressions. This is a description of one such area in which different economies occur side-by-side, the Rio Blanco valley of central Chiapas in Mexico. The Rio Blanco zone provides a fair sample of the large area of Tzeltal and Tsotsil Indian settlement in the Chiapas Highlands, still comparatively unintegrated with the modern commercial world. The system of Indian livelihood and the economic frameworks within which it operates stand quite apart from the slowly-advancing commercial order, and much of the land is still completely under the Indian's sway. What is of interest there is not the occurrence of a particular pattern of small villages, tiny patches of irrigated land, and spotty milpa clearings (all of which are familiar enough to anyone who has traveled in this part of the world) but the institutional mechanisms that regulate and distribute economic activity so as to produce such a landscape, and to set it off from other types nearby. Therefore, this article treats not so much geography, ill itself, as those mechanisms that control the scope and kind of geographic patterns that may be seen.

Indian Settlement in New Zealand: 1900–1956*

New Zealand GeographerVolume 18, Issue 2 p. 203-223 Indian Settlement in New Zealand: 1900–1956* T. G. McGEE, T. G. McGEESearch for more papers by this author T. G. McGEE, T. G. McGEESearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1962 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1962.tb01152.xCitations: 5 † *This paper forms part of a more detailed study of the assimilation of one urban Indian community in New Zealand. T. G. McGee: ‘The Indain Community in Wellington City: A Geographical Contribution to the Study of Assimilation’, M.A. Thesis, (Unpublished), Victoria University of Wellington, 1960. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume18, Issue2October 1962Pages 203-223 RelatedInformation

William G. McIntire: Prehistoric Indian Settlements of the Changing Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, 1958, 113 pp.

William G. McIntire: Prehistoric Indian Settlements of the Changing Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, 1958, 113 pp.

The Southeast in Early Maps. With an Annotated Check List of Printed and Manuscript Regional and Local Maps of Southeastern North America during the Colonial Period

Professor Cumming has produced a work of scholarly exactitude, diligence, and detachment, for which the historical profession must stand in his debt. It comprises a List of Maps of the Southeast During the Colonial Period, a thoroughly documented bibliographical listing of 450 regional maps of southeastern United States, and of local maps south of Virginia and north of the Florida peninsula; an introductory essay: Early Historical Cartography of Southeastern North America;' and sixty-seven highly successful collotype reproductions of pertinent world, regional, and local maps. The material is made usable by numerous appendices and indices. Particularly helpful to ethnohistorians is Appendix B, Tribes and Settlements, which cites the maps in the bibliographic listing most appropriate to a study of historic Indian settlements. Despite the significant data supplied by these maps for the later colonial period, the locations of Southeastern Indian tribes during the

Asplenium cryptolepis on Manitoulin Island

Upper Peninsula of Michigan. On one occasion when we were returning from an excursion to Providence Bay on the south shore of the island to our base camp at Little Current on the north shore we made a very brief but rewarding stop near the little Indian settlement of Excelsior, at the south end of West Bay. Between West Bay and Manitou Lake there is a prominent headland known as High Hill. According to Chapman and Putnam (1951), High Hill stands over 500 feet above the level of Lake Huron or more than 1100 feet above sea-

The Role of Pemmican in the Canadian Northwest Fur Trade

The Role of Pemmican in the Canadian Northwest Fur Trade

284. The Organization of Indian Settlement in Fiji

284. The Organization of Indian Settlement in Fiji

The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula

A. The peninsula before the conquests by Funan. The first known contact of the Khmer Empire or any of its antecedents with what is now called the Malay Peninsula1 occurred when Fan Shih-man of Funan conquered a considerable portion of that peninsula early in the third century; although it is believed, from the terms in which the account of his voyage are expressed, that Hun-t'ien, or Hun-shen (Kaundinya), who conquered the native queen, Liu-yeh (Willow Leaf), and founded the kingdom of Funan about the middle of the first century, came from an Indian settlement on the eastern side of that peninsula.

Navaho or Navajo?

Currently there is nation-wide interest in the plight of the Navaho Indians. These sheep-raisers in the northwestern corner of New Mexico, the northeastern corner of Arizona and southeastern Utah, at present number more than 60,000. Historically, the Navaho belonged to that Spanish colony, north of Mexico, which was known as New Mexico. Though the colony was chiefly around the Pueblo Indian settlements, the Spanish Crown laid claim to all territory north of Mexico, which included our present New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Utah, perhaps more than that.

TRIBAL EPIDEMICS IN THE YUKON

Native peoples in isolated parts of the world frequently experience fulminating epidemics following exposure to inhabitants of populated regions. The American Indians have recently experienced such epidemics along the course of the new Alaska Military Highway over previously remote regions of Alaska and Canada. Among these may be cited the diphtheria epidemic among the Indians on the Ross River during August 1943 and a pneumonia epidemic which has resulted in the death of 50 of the 200 or more inhabitants of Telegraph Creek, British Columbia, between October 1942 and September 1943. The sequence of epidemics at the Indian settlement on Teslin Lake, in the Yukon Territory, reflects certain endemic diseases of populous areas which may constitute a hazard to remote communities. The Indian village at the junction of Nisutlin Bay with Teslin Lake contains about 130 individuals who have had little exposure to outside civilization since the great gold rush

Essentials of an Indian Settlement

Essentials of an Indian Settlement

Essentials of an Indian Settlement

Essentials of an Indian Settlement