Turmeric Research Articles

Dietary Supplementation of Turmeric Rhizome Promotes the Growth Performance, Serum Lipid Profile and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

The injudicious use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry rations has caused great concern around the world. Scientists are currently trying to replace broadspectrum antibiotics in animal diets with alternative natural feed additives. The current study aimed to investigate the dietary effect of turmeric rhizome powder (TP) on the growth performance, serum lipid profiles, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. A total of 75 Cobb-15 broiler chicks (15-day-old) were randomly distributed into five groups offered with five experimental rations designated as T0 (control diet, without TP), T1 (1 g TP/kg feed), T2 (2.5 g TP/kg feed), T3 (5 g TP/kg feed), and T4 (7.5 g TP/kg feed). Parameters such as body weight gain, total feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were used to assess the response of broiler chickens to feed turmeric powder. Supplementation with 5 g TP/kg feed (T3) resulted in the highest increase in body weight with a relatively lower FCR. Serum levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly when supplemented with 5 g TP/kg feed. The bacteriological investigation revealed that a turmeric-supplemented diet significantly lowered the total Salmonella spp. count. The antioxidant property of turmeric rhizome may alleviate stress in broiler chickens. Taken together, these findings indicate that supplementing broiler ration with 5 g TP/kg feed improved growth performance, lipid profiles, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, suggesting that turmeric rhizome can be a potential alternative feed additive to synthetic antibiotics for safe and organic poultry meat production. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 6(1): 117-124, 2024

Invivo and ex-vivo evaluation and characterization of wound healing effect of topical calendulaofficinalis and turmeric cream in diabetic rats.

Objective: To evaluate wound healing by topically administration of calendulaofficinalis and tumeric cream to diabetic rats. Study Design: Observational Cross-sectional study Setting: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, BahaUddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Period: October 2020-march 2021. Method: Different batches of hydrophilic cream bases (C1-C6) were developed and characterized. The optimized base composition (C6) was loaded with calendula Officinal is extract and turmeric powder as an active ingredient (C7) and evaluated the rate at which wounds heal in diabetic rats. Calendula officinal is and turmeric were combined in a cream, as different stability parameters of the creams were analysed at different temperature. Microbiological action of the cream was also examined. Results: The formulation was homogenous, stable with pH 6.29±0.03, viscosity 381± 6.96 Cps and the microbiological quality met the requirements of European pharmacopeia. The total flavonoid content was less than 1. The formulation showed accelerated wound healing with more than 95% wound contraction after tenth day. Conclusion: The result were favorable and suggested that topical administration of Calendula officinal is and turmeric powder combination would enhance wound healing in diabetic rats with potential for diabetic foot ulcer treatment. Moreover, the designed formulation poses good quality emulsion system stabilizing the active ingredient as well as appropriate release of medicinal agents.

The Impact of Supplementing Vanaraja Birds Diet with Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Powder on Production and Reproduction Performance

Background: Vanaraja birds, valued for their robust traits in poultry farming require optimized and tailored nutrition for peak performance and optimal results. Turmeric, renowned for its health-promoting properties could potentially enhance their productivity and reproductive outcomes. Yet, research into the specific effects of turmeric supplementation on Vanaraja birds is limited prompting further study to explore its potential benefits for improved growth rates, feed conversion efficiency, egg production and hatchability. Methods: The study was conducted at the poultry unit of the Department of Livestock Production and Management, which is a division of Nagaland University’s School of Agricultural Sciences. The trial was conducted for 365 days and the birds were reared in cages. The birds were divided into four dietary groups: T1 (control), T2 (0.5% turmeric powder), T3 (0.75% turmeric powder) and T4 (1.5% turmeric powder) with 30 birds in each group. Each dietary group had five replications. Result: Final body weight was significantly higher in T4. Feed intake was significantly lower in the groups treated with turmeric. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was higher in the control group. Furthermore, the groups fed with turmeric had greater rates of liveability. But there were no appreciable differences between the groups in terms of age at sexual maturity, egg weight at first egg, clutch size, hen day egg and hen house egg production. At onset of egg production groups treated with turmeric supplements showed noticeably higher body weight and overall egg production. Net profit per bird and net profit per kilogram of weight gain were higher in Group T3. Therefore, based on studies it is advised to incorporate turmeric powder into chicken feed at concentrations of 0.75 and 1.5% in order to enhance both production and reproductive performance.

Improving lambs’ temperament, performance, and fecundity under three different housing conditions via oxidative stress reduction, metabolic and growth genes regulation by turmeric supplementation

BackgroundImprovement of performance, temperament, and fecundity of lambs using medicinal plants is considered a recent approach in the sheep industry. Climate change, especially in non-controlled houses, affects animals' production. Thus, the current study aimed to determine how turmeric (TU) affected the temperament, performance, and lamb fecundity under three different housing conditions. Thirty-six Ossimi male lambs (about 6 months of age) were randomly divided into three groups under three different housing conditions (n = 12; semi-shaded building, fully shaded building, and semi-shaded building with trees); in each house lambs were subdivided into non-treated (n = 6) and treated (n = 6; 1 g TU \\lamb\\day) groups for 3 months. Performance and temperament scoring have been recorded. Various biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose and oxidative damage), gene expression of metabolic function and growth indicators (insulin growth factor: IGF-1, leptin: LEP, and myostatin: MSTN), and testosterone level were measured.ResultsThe obtained data showed that TU improved the lambs' temperament in SSB-T and FSB-T lambs; lambs' weight gain enhanced in treated lambs in all houses in the 3rd month. The results of biochemical parameters showed fluctuations throughout the experiment; total protein was elevated in FSB-NT lambs in the 3rd month, while glucose was elevated in SSB + T-NT in the 1st and 2nd month and then decreased in the 3rd month. The MDA elevated in FSB-T and SSB + T-T in the 2nd and 3rd month. TU supplementation elevated the reduced testosterone level in the SSB-T lambs and resulted in significant upregulation of IGF1, and LEP; however, MSTN downregulated in the treated lambs among all housing systems.ConclusionData suggested TU improved lambs' growth and tempered in all houses and ameliorated the recorded reduction in testosterone levels in the SSB house which is commonly used in sheep and upregulated the IGF1 and LEP gene levels. Hence, the use of TU as a feed additive improved lambs' growth.

Dietary intervention of propolis and/or turmeric boosted growth, hematology, biochemical profile, and antioxidant-immune responses and their associated gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda

Immunostimulant phytogenic feed additives are given great concern for improving fish health, growth, immune responses, and resistance to diseases. This research investigated the impact of dietary propolis (PRO), turmeric (TUR), and their combination on the growth, hematology, antioxidant-immune responses, and their regulating genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Edwardsiella tarda challenge. For 8 weeks, a total number of 320 fish (20.70 ± 0.14 g) were allocated into four groups at random, each with eight replicates (10 fish each). The first group (1st) was given the basal diet (control) without any supplements. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were supplemented with 1% PRO, 1% TUR, and the mixture (1%PRO + 1%TUR), respectively. The experimental groups were challenged intraperitoneally with E. tarda at a dose of 0.1 mL (1 × 105 CFU) at the termination of the feeding trial, and the fish survival was estimated for an additional 7 days. The results demonstrated that fish-fed diets supplemented with PRO and/or TUR showed higher body weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency utilization than the control group (P < 0.05). The hematological, protein profile, and antioxidant-immune (total antioxidant capacity, lysozymes, and IgM) parameters were substantially improved in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed fish. The lipid profile and malondialdehyde were substantially decreased in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed group. Notably, a down-turning of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression with up-turning of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression was noticed in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed fish. Noteworthy, dietary PRO and/or TUR improved the fish survival during E. tarda challenge. The mixture of PRO and TUR can be added to Nile tilapia diets to enhance their growth, immune response, and resistance to E. tarda. These outcomes help in the sustainable development of the Nile tilapia culture industry.Graphical

Comparative Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Sources on Economic Viability Productivity of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (Family: Zingiberaceae), Known as "Indian Saffron," a long-used and revered spice, is a significant commercial spice crop farmed in India. Known by many as the "Golden Spice of life," it is one of the most vital spices and a staple in cuisine all over the world. A tropical perennial plant native to Indonesia and India, turmeric is grown all over the world's tropics. India grows this significant commercial spice. It is ingrained in Indian tradition. The world's best turmeric is thought to come from India. In many Asian nations, Indian colloquial names are known as pasupu, haldi, manjal, and kunyit. Just 6% of India's land is used for growing spices and condiments, despite the country being the world's top producer, exporter, and supplier of 78% of the world's supply of turmeric. Furthermore, among Indian spices, turmeric is the second-biggest earner of foreign cash. India being one of the major producers of turmeric, contributes 80% to global production. In the year 2018-19, turmeric production was 389 thousand tonnes, with area and productivity 246 thousand hectares and 5646.34 kg per hectare respectively. The growth pattern of the area, production, and productivity of turmeric over the period of time indicate the growing contribution of production over the area expansion to the increased yield. India uses almost 80% of the world's turmeric. It makes up 80% of global production. With the largest proportion of 38% of all India's turmeric area, Andhra Pradesh is referred to as the "Turmeric Bowl of India," with Orissa coming in second. Another important policy strep i.e. “One District One Product” under Centrally Sponsored Scheme PMFME (PM Formalization of Micro food processing Enterprises Scheme), Turmeric is listed in the selected product in all states, this is an additional scope under which states can be encouraged to adopt cluster approach and group approaches such as FPOs, SHGs (Self Help Groups) and producer cooperatives. This will help to bring the win-win situation to both farmers and the microenterprises. Also, except Assam, the spread of formal/organized food processing units are scanty, the innovation center for developing value-added products from the traditional knowledge can be encouraged so that in the long run the product can be easily scaled up.

Supercritical CO2 and subcritical water extraction of Curcuma longa bioactive compounds

Turmeric, the dry rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa L., is widely valued for its colouring, flavoring, and biological properties that have been mainly attributed to curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin), a group of secondary metabolites. These compounds can be recovered using various extraction techniques, including supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction and subcritical water extraction (SWE), that are in line with the ‘Green Chemistry’ principles.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of CO2 flow rate, pressure, and two pre-treatment techniques on curcuminoids extraction from turmeric powder using SC-CO2 extraction. In addition, SWE was employed for the recovery of remained compounds from the turmeric powder left after SC-CO2 extraction. The obtained extracts were analysed with HPLC for the quantitative determination of curcumin. Based on the results, SC-CO2 extraction conditions affected the extraction yield, with the combination of the highest pressure and lowest flow rate resulting in the highest yield. Both pre-treatment methods were also found to increase the extraction yield, whereas Soxhlet extraction was not as efficient as SC-CO2 extraction. In terms of SWE, the highest extraction temperature (210 °C) resulted in the highest extraction yield (61.9 %). However, no curcumin was detected in this sample, indicating the negative effect of temperature on curcumin extraction and the thermal degradation of the latter.

Effects of gamma and electron-beam irradiations on the stability of free radicals, bioactive compounds and microbial characteristics of turmeric powder

Turmeric is a functional ingredient commonly used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products due to its health benefits and bioactivity, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer benefits. Irradiation is a common technique used to decontaminate microorganisms and extend the shelf life of spices. However, there are scientific debates over the use of irradiation in food products. This study aimed to assess the effects of ionizing radiation, including gamma rays and electron beams, on bioactive compounds and microbial characteristics of turmeric powder. Technically, high-performance liquid chromatography with UV–Vis detection was used to assess bioactive compounds. Another aim of the present study was to determine free radicals in irradiated and non-irradiated samples within one month of storage using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Results showed that gamma and electron-beam irradiations could decrease microbial contamination of turmeric by approximately 5 and 6 log cfu/g, respectively. Contents of bioactive compounds increased in irradiated samples and curcumin contents in gamma and electron-beam irradiated samples were 232–248 and 215–266 mg/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Furthermore, the study detected that free radicals increased in all irradiated samples immediately after irradiation but decreased over time. Decrease in EPR signals was faster in gamma-irradiated samples during storage. Numbers of free radicals induced by gamma and electron-beam irradiations were 6.59–4.70, 2.69–1.60, 1.61–1.34, and 0.99–1.05 on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. After 21 days of storage, the numbers of free radicals in all non-irradiated and irradiated samples were similar. Therefore, free radicals induced by irradiations were degraded during storage and eliminated after 21 days.

Effect of Casing Mixtures along with Turmeric Powder on the Growth Parameters and Yield of White Button Mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach

Protein is one of the nutrients that is included in balance diet for proper growth and development of humankind. The amount of food that is needed for human consumption is insufficient. Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach commonly known as white button mushroom, is the most widely accepted food globally with nutritional and medicinal properties. The present experiment was conducted during the Rabi season 2023 at Mushroom crop room, Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of Turmeric powder at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%) incorporated into three different casing mixture viz., FYM + Cocopeat + Sawdust (1:1:1) with an objective to monitor the growth and yield aspects of white button mushroom. Turmeric at concentration 2% shows significant increase of weight of fruiting bodies, enhances stalk length, stalk diameter and pileus diameter. These results were also observed at 2.5% concentration but it also inhibited the growth of mold fungus as well as A. bisporus. Among all treatments used in the study, the results revealed that minimum average time taken for completion of spawn run (15.28 days) and pinhead initiation (17.29 days) as well as maximum pileus diameter (4.87 cm), stalk length (3.32 cm), stalk diameter (2.36 cm), yield (583.33 g) and biological efficiency (13.56) highest recorded in T4 [FYM + Cocopeat + Sawdust (1:1:1) + Turmeric powder @ 2%.

Effect of different levels of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on productivity in broiler chickens

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of turmeric powder on the performance, blood parameters, immunity, intestinal morphology, carcass characteristics, cecum microbial flora, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation of breast meat of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was used including four levels of turmeric powder (250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg diet) and a control treatment (without turmeric), in 5 replications. The growth performance was measured periodically and at the end of the 42-day period, three chickens from each experimental unit were killed for carcass examination. In order to check blood parameters at the end of the course, blood samples were taken from three chickens from each experimental unit. To check the immunity of broiler chickens, the weight percentage of immune glands was also evaluated. To measure the morphology of the cecum, one chicken from each experimental unit was killed to check the desired traits. The results of the experiment showed that different levels of turmeric had a significant effect on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, immunity, intestinal morphology, cecal microbial flora, fatty acid profile, and the sensory evaluation of breast meat (P&lt;0.05). The results of the experiment showed body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the end of the period were significant in the treatments that received turmeric powder (P&lt;0.05). Survival percentage, produced body weight per square meter, and final profit was also significant (P&lt;0.05). Relative weight of abdominal fat, villus height and villus height/ crypt depth of the small intestine were significant in the treatments receiving turmeric powder (P&lt;0.05). By adding turmeric powder to the diet of broiler chickens, the microbial population of the cecum also became significant (P&lt;0.05). The concentration levels of uric acid, total cholesterol, glucose, HDL, albumin and liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase and ALT were significant in the birdsreceiving turmeric powder (P&lt;0.05). Turmeric powder in the diet of broilers also had a significant effect on chondroitinic acid, linoleic acid and total polyathenoids (P&lt;0.05). Turmeric powder was significant on the lactobacilli microbial population (P&lt;0.05). The results of this experiment showed that fat content, juicyness, crispyness, chewability, elasticity, mouthfeel and general acceptance were significantly improved (P&lt;0.05). In this research, the treatment receiving 500 mg of turmeric powder per kg had the greatest effect on the measured characteristics of broiler chickens. It can be concluded that the addition of the powder of these medicinal and aromatic plants to the diet of broiler chickens has beneficial effects on the carcass characteristics and meat quality. Keywords: fatty acid, blood plasma, abdominal cavity, triglyceride, feed conversion ratio, Curcuma longa

Using Azolla (Azolla microphylla) leaf meal and phytonutrient powder on rumen fermentation efficiency and nutrient degradability using in vitro technique.

This work was to investigate the effect of using Azolla (Azolla microphylla) leaf meal and phytonutrient powder on rumen fermentation efficiency and nutrient degradability using in vitro technique. All respective treatments were imposed in a 2 × 4 × 2 Factorial arrangements according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was two ratios of roughage to concentrate (R:C at 60:40, and 40:60), the second factor was Azolla (Azolla microphylla) powder (AMP) supplementation levels (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of the total substrate) and the third factor was Turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TUP) supplementation levels (0% and 2% of the total substrate). Cumulative gas production at 96 h, was affected by R:C and numerically increased by AMP and TUP supplementation (p<0.05). Gas production kinetics increased with the increasing ratio of concentrate and AMP supplementation whereas TUP supplement reduced gas production. In vitro DM degradability was remarkably increased (p<0.05) by the R:C ratio, AMP and TUP supplementation. However, increasing R:C ratio, AMP and TUP supplementation resulted in the concentration of propionate (C3) significantly increasing (p<0.05). Acetate (C2), C2:C3 ratio, and protozoal population were improved (p<0.05), while the methane production decreased. Under this study, the results were obtained under the supplementation level of 9% AMP and 2% TUP of total substrate, hence, the combined use is potentially beneficial. These results revealed a potential use of AMP and TUP as a supplement to improve rumen fermentation for ruminant feeding. Nevertheless, in vivo feeding trials should be further investigated using AMP and TUP as a source of protein and phytonutrient.

Artificial neural network models for forecasting the extracted yield of essential oils from Curcuma longa L. by hydro-distillation

Abstract Turmeric is commonly acknowledged in traditional medical practices for its strong healing properties. In the present work, hydro-distillation was employed to extract essential oils from turmeric powder. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of various parameters, including evaporation rate (0.23, 0.5, 0.8, 0.97, 1.36, 2 ml/min), solid/liquid ratio (4:100, 6:100, 8:100, 1:10, 11:100 g/ml), and extraction duration (13–250 min) on the yield of essential oils. The central composite design (CCD) proved to be an effective tool for evaluating the extraction yield of essential oils. A three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to develop the extraction model, employing the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) optimization algorithm. The neural network’s input layer comprised the solid/liquid ratio, evaporation rate, and extraction time, while the output layer indicated the yield of essential oil extraction. The most appropriate model included a hidden layer with 16 neurons, achieving R 2 and MSE values of 0.9989 and 0.0013, respectively. This investigation indicates that an artificial neural network prediction model serves as an effective method for estimating essential oil yield.

Highly fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots as analytical probe for sensitive detection of curcumin through smartphone integrated 3D-printed platform: A new horizon in food safety

COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the dietary habits of humans, emphasizing the incorporation of natural ingredients to enhance immunity towards viral and bacterial infections. Curcumin (Cur), a widely used traditional medicine in various Asian countries and a natural coloring agent, has gained popularity, leading to surge in its usage specially in post COVID-19 era. This surge has led to increased scrutiny of the potential side effects of excessive Cur use, with recent reports suggesting it may result in inactivation of DNA and reduce adenosine triphosphate levels, leading to health risks. In this work, we synthesized highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 72.9 % for the sensitive and selective detection of Cur. The developed fluorescent probe exhibits excellent sensory response towards Cur within a concentration range of 0.081–51.45 µM, achieving an ultra-low detection limit of 15.91 nM. The sensor was successfully tested on real food samples like ginger powder, turmeric powder, and curry powder, demonstrating good recovery rates. To assess the practicality of the sensor system, we developed a 3D-printed smartphone-integrated device platform for curcumin detection through fluorescence image analysis. This developed platform exhibited promising results, achieving a limit of detection (LoD) of 132.28 nM across a curcumin concentration range of 0.13–54.00 µM. This device platform holds significant potential for the development of efficient sensors for real-time detection of Cur in food samples.

Semen quality and histological changes in the testes of Noiler breeder cocks fed turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder supplemented diet

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric-supplemented diets on semen quality and histological changes in the testes of Noiler breeder cocks. Sixty (60) breeder cocks (aged 24 weeks) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and replicated thrice in a completely randomized design (CRD). Four levels of turmeric (0 g, 2 g, 5 g and 6 g), which constituted the respective treatments, were mixed per kilogram of diet. Semen samples were collected and evaluated for pH, volume, colour, consistency, sperm motility, normal and abnormal sperm, sperm concentration and morphologically abnormal sperm. Histological changes were studied in the testes. Semen pH and volume were significantly higher in T4 (7.34 ± 0.05 and 6.85 ± 0.02 ml) compared to other treatments. Semen colour was better and similar in T2 - T4 (2.00 ± 0.00) than the control (1.00 ± 0.00). Semen consistency, mass motility, percentage live sperm proportion, percentage normal sperm proportion and sperm concentrations were significantly higher in T2 and least in T4. Percentage dead sperm proportion and abnormal sperm were significantly higher in T4 (22.46 ± 1.53 %) and least in T2 (6.06 ± 0.28 %). Total sperm per ejaculate was significantly higher and similar (p &gt; 0.05) in T2 –T4 (1.76 ± 0.07 x 1012) compared to the control (1.31 ± 0.01 x 1012). Percentage of tapered sperm head was significantly higher and was comparable (p &gt; 0.05) in T4 (0.41 ± 0.10 %) and T3 (0.20 ± 0.06%) and least in T1 (0.09 ± 0.4 %). Testicular histology showed mild degeneration of spermatogenic cells only in T4. It was concluded that turmeric rhizome powder improves semen quality and testicular ultrastructures. Daily turmeric supplementation at 2g and 5g/kg are recommended for Noiler breeder cocks. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’impact de l’ajout de curcuma dans l’alimentation sur la qualité du sperme et les modifications histologiques testiculaires chez les coqs reproducteurs Noiler. Soixante (60) coqs reproducteurs âgés de 24 semaines ont été répartis aléatoirement en 4 groupes (T1, T2, T3 et T4) avec trois répétitions par groupe selon un dispositif entièrement randomisé (ER). Quatre teneurs en curcuma (0 g, 2 g, 5 g et 6 g) ont été incorporées dans l’alimentation respective de chaque groupe (par kilogramme d’aliment). Des échantillons de sperme ont été prélevés et analysés afin d’évaluer le pH,le volume, la couleur, la consistance, la motilité spermatique, la proportion de spermatozoïdes normaux et anormaux, la concentration spermatique et la morphologie spermatique. Les modifications histologiques des testicules ont également été étudiées. Le pH et le volume du sperme étaient significativement plus élevés dans le groupe T4 (7,34 ± 0,05 et 6,85 ± 0,02 ml) par rapport aux autres groupes. La couleur du sperme était meilleure et comparable dans les groupes T2 à T4 (2,00 ± 0,00) par rapport au groupe témoin (1,00 ± 0,00). La consistance du sperme, la motilité de masse, la proportion de spermatozoïdes vivants et normaux, ainsi que la concentration spermatique étaient significativement plus élevées dans le groupe T2 et plus faibles dans le groupe T4. La proportion de spermatozoïdes morts et anormaux était significativement plus élevée dans le groupe T4 (22,46 ± 1,53 %) et plus faible dans le groupe T2 (6,06 ± 0,28 %). Le nombre total de spermatozoïdes par éjaculat était significativement plus élevé et similaire (p &gt; 0,05) dans les groupes T2 à T4 (1,76 ± 0,07 x 1012) par rapport au groupe témoin (1,31 ± 0,01 x 1012). Le pourcentage de spermatozoïdes à tête effilée était significativement plus élevé et comparable (p &gt; 0,05) dans les groupes T4 (0,41 ± 0,10 %) et T3 (0,20 ± 0,06 %) et plus faible dans le groupe T1 (0,09 ± 0,4 %). L’analyse histologique des testicules n’a révélé qu’une légère dégénérescence des cellules spermatogènes dans le groupe T4. L’étude démontre que la poudre de rhizome de curcuma améliore la qualité du sperme et l’ultrastructure testiculaire. Une supplémentation quotidienne en curcuma à des doses de 2 g et 5 g/kg d’aliment est recommandée pour les coqs reproducteurs Noiler.

Dietary effect of turmeric and ginger powder supplementation on growth performance of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of ginger and turmeric supplementation on the growth performance of Common carp fingerlings. A total of 270 fingerlings were divided into 6 groups including control (C). The group C was fed with basal feed and the treatment groups T5, T5B5, G2, G5, G8 were fed with turmeric powder @0.5%, turmeric @0.5% + black pepper powder @0.5 %, ginger powder @2%, 5% and 8%, respectively. The growth parameters, i.e Gain in weight, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Relative Growth Ratio (RGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) were recorded for 60 days. Measurements were taken for gain in total length (TL) and body depth (BD) after 60 days of trial. Turmeric powder supplementation @0.5% showed significantly better growth performance in Common carp fingerlings. The fingerlings of T5 group showed highest gain in weight (48.7), SGR (1.35), RGR (126), FER (48.17), PER (1.24) and improved FCR (2.23). This group also gained significantly higher TL (3.74) and BD (1.42). There was no significant difference observed in survival per cent, moisture and acid insoluble ash content of fish muscle. T5 showed the highest crude protein concentration (78.29) and significantly highest total fat concentration (11.59). Fish muscles of all the treatments had significantly higher total mineral content as compared to that of the control group.

Comparative Analysis of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes as Anti-plaque and Anti-gingivitis Agents: An Observational Study.

Mouthwashes are highly efficacious chemical agents for managing plaque and gingivitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of turmeric (TM) and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agents. This retrospective, observational study was conducted on the clinical case records of 60 patients with gingival and plaque scores of ≥ 1, who were treated with TM mouthwash as group 1 and CHX mouthwash as group 2 for a period of two months. Indices such as plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were noted at baseline (T0) and at the end of two months of mouthwash use (T1). The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Both groups were effective in reducing all indices from T0 to T1; however, group 2 was more effective than group 1 in reducing plaque scores at T1. The results were statistically significant (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the gingival scores at T1 between both groups (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no significant differences between the groups in gingival and plaque scores over time. Wilks' Lambda test revealed that the treatment groups had a statistically significant impact on the overall treatment outcomes. Although both CHX and TM mouthwashes were equally effective as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agents, TM mouthwash is recommended in cases where prolonged use is required, such as in orthodontic patients.

Impact of Turmeric Powder and Black Pepper Capsules on the Small Intestine Profile and Product Quality of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) Chickens

This study aimed to improve the quality of KUB chicken eggs and meat through dietary supplementation. Fifty KUB chickens, aged three months, were reared for three months. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control) = basal ration (BR), P1 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric flour, P2 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric powder + 1 black pepper capsule (0.2 g/head/day), P3 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric flour + 2 black pepper capsules (0.4 g/head/day), and P4 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric flour + 3 black pepper capsules (0.6 g/head/day). Parameters measured included the digestive tract profile, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in the cecum, egg quality, egg cholesterol, and unsaturated fatty acid content in meat. Results indicated that while most treatments did not affect the relative weight and length of the small intestine, P1 significantly increased the relative weight of the duodenum by 57.4% compared to the control. P1 also improved LAB counts and egg quality. P2 reduced egg cholesterol by 27.1%, and P4 increased unsaturated fatty acid content in meat by 14.4% over the control. These findings suggest that turmeric powder and black pepper supplementation can enhance egg and meat quality as well as the overall performance of KUB chickens.

Efficacy of a pharmaceutically alginate-coated phytoremedy (black garlic and turmeric) for the control of natural coccidia infestation in turkeys

In searching for herbal alternatives for treating coccidiosis in turkeys, this trial aimed to evaluate whether minced black garlic (Allium sativa) or turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) or their combination, included in dried alginate beads, controlling clinical coccidiosis in turkey male poults. A total of 150 twelve-day-old male turkeys were randomly distributed into 15 pens of 10 turkeys per pen. Groups were: CTR = control untreated turkeys; GAR = turkeys fed 4 % of their diet with minced garlic included in dried alginate beads; CUR = treated fed 4 % powder curcuma, also prepared as dried alginate beads; GA = containing only alginate), and GC= turkeys fed 8 % of their diet with the mixture of minced black garlic plus powder curcuma (4 %), entrapped in dried alginate beads. Treatments were incorporated as feed-dressing, considering their mean feed intake. Results reveal that turkeys in group GC showed a significant decrease in oocysts per gram of feces during the first six weeks of age compared to values found in the CTR group and the other treatments. These results identify that in turkey poults, there is a statistically significant anticoccidial activity of the combination of minced garlic plus powder curcuma, included in alginate beads and administered as 4 % of their feed intake. Additionally, better productive variables were recorded for this combination compared to the other three groups (P &lt; 0.05). The use of vehicles for the digestive tract of turkeys may improve the effectiveness of plant extracts for the control of coccidiosis.

The Impact of Turmeric, Curcuma, and Ginger Feed Additives on the Productivity of Kaur Cattle as a Genetic Resource in Bengkulu

Kaur cattle, a local breed in Bengkulu, represent a valuable genetic resource that requires preservation and effective utilization to enhance livestock production. Turmeric, curcuma, and ginger are plants known for their essential oils and curcumin content, which offer numerous proven benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these feed additives on the productivity of Kaur cattle. A quantitative research method employing a completely randomized design was used, consisting of four treatments and four replications. The diet comprised wild grass (10% of body weight) and palm kernel meal in an 80:20 ratio. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control: wild grass and palm kernel meal), P1 (wild grass, palm kernel meal, and turmeric powder Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), P2 (wild grass, palm kernel meal, and curcuma powder Curcuma longa L.), and P3 (wild grass, palm kernel meal, and ginger powder Zingiber officinale Rosc.). The study involved 16 male Kaur cattle aged 1.5-2 years, with an average body weight of 160-180 kg, observed over 60 days. The variables measured included average daily weight gain, forage consumption, total feed consumption, feed efficiency, and cost efficiency. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the mean daily weight gain (kg/head/day) was P0=0.35±2.57, P1=0.47±2.39, P2=0.50±2.46, and P3=0.49±2.88, with no significant differences between treatments. The mean feed efficiency (%) was P0=0.12±4.44, P1=0.25±4.71, P2=0.27±5.22, and P3=0.26±4.38, also showing no significant differences. The mean cost efficiency for feed use was P0=35,869±7.47, P1=34,281±7.08, P2=33,220±7.39, and P3=35,410±7.21, with no significant differences observed. Overall, the addition of turmeric, curcuma, and ginger powders to the feed did not significantly impact the productivity of Kaur cattle.

Ameliorating effects of natural herbal supplements against water-borne induced toxicity of heavy metals on Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus)

The efficacy of herbal supplements in mitigating heavy metals (HMs) toxicity was investigated using a widely grown fish, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was conducted over two phases: during the stress phase, the experimental fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of HMs, including lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper for 15 days; following which during the feeding phase, herbal supplements were given for 70 days to ameliorate their effects. Seven groups were established: the control negative group (CON−ve), control positive group (CON+ve, without any treatment), and five groups with supplementation of 1% turmeric (TUR), cinnamon (CIN), ginger (GIN), garlic (GAR), and their mixture (MIX), respectively. A total of 315 fishes were distributed evenly in experimental tanks (15 fishes per tank, in triplicates). The results revealed that exposure to HMs led to significant (p < 0.05) alterations in all the tested parameters, i.e., liver damage and growth reduction. The herbal supplements, especially the MIX groups, ameliorated the harmful effects of HMs and restored fish growth, digestibility, carcass composition, and liver health. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the herbal supplements were effective in reducing the HMs-linked toxicity in Nile tilapia. Future studies pertaining to the mechanisms facilitated by the various herbal bioactive substances-linked tolerance to HMs in fishes are warranted.