Turmeric Research Articles

Assessment of chemical quality of paneer incorporated with turmeric powder

Assessment of chemical quality of paneer incorporated with turmeric powder

Quality of cookies supplemented with various levels of turmeric by-product powder

<abstract> <p>Starch production from turmeric (<italic>Curcuma longa</italic>) generates residue, which contains different nutrients, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. In this study, the by-product of turmeric starch production was dried at 50 ℃ to a moisture content of 11–12%, milled, passed through a 70-mesh sieve, and then added to cookie formulation to increase antioxidant content and activities of the fortified cookies. The ratio of turmeric by-product powder (TBP) in the cookie formulation was varied from 0 to 12%. The greater the TBP ratio in the cookie recipe was, the greater the contents of ash and dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities of the fortified cookies. At 12% TBP level, the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the fortified cookies were increased by 6.4, 5.5, 4.7, and 6.8 times, respectively, as compared to those of the cookies without TBP supplementation. The increase in TBP ratio also enhanced the product hardness and reduced its diameter, thickness, and overall acceptability. The cookies with 9% TBP ratio were rich in antioxidants and the sensory quality was acceptable. Turmeric by-product powder was a good ingredient for antioxidant fortification in cookie products.</p> </abstract>

The role of tetrahydrocurcumin in disease prevention and treatment.

In recent decades, natural compounds derived from herbal medicine or dietary sources have played important roles in prevention and treatment of various diseases and have attracted more and more attention. Curcumin, extracted from the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and widely used as food spice and coloring agent, has been proven to possess high pharmacological value. However, the pharmacological application of curcumin is limited due to its poor systemic bioavailability. As a major active metabolite of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has higher bioavailability and stability than curcumin. Increasing evidence confirmed that THC had a wide range of biological activities and significant treatment effects on diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the biological activities and therapeutic potential of THC on different diseases such as neurological disorders, metabolic syndromes, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. The extensive pharmacological effects of THC involve the modulation of various signaling transduction pathways including MAPK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin. In addition, the pharmacokinetics, drug combination and toxicology of THC were discussed, thus providing scientific basis for the safe application of THC and the development of its dietary supplements and drugs.

Effect of turmeric powder on decontamination of broiler chicken carcass

Effect of turmeric powder on decontamination of broiler chicken carcass

Karakteristik Sensori, Kimia, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Kue Egg Roll dengan Penambahan Tepung Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb)

Javanese turmeric is one of the Indonesian herbs that is underutilised because of its pungent aroma and bitter taste. This study aims to investigate the effect of the ratio of wheat flour to Javanese turmeric powder on the sensory characteristics, chemical properties and antioxidant activity of egg roll cakes. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four levels of treatment, namely the ratio of wheat flour to Javanese turmeric powder of 28:2, 26:4, 24:6 and 22:8. The addition of Javanese turmeric powder can increase the moisture content, curcumin content and antioxidant activity of egg roll cake, but reduce the sensory acceptability of the product. During the production process of the egg roll cake, the curcumin content decreased by 4.79% - 6.50%. The best treatment for egg roll cake based on the de Garmo method is the addition of 2% Javanese turmeric powder that has a moisture content of 3.91%, curcumin content of 0.00311 g/g (0.31%) and antioxidant activity of 5.04%.

Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Powder Additive on Growth Performance, Flock Uniformity and Blood Profile of Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)

Turmeric has been reported to possess various bioactive compounds. This study examined the effects of turmeric powder as a natural feed additive on the growth performance, flock uniformity, and blood profile of Japanese quail. Two hundred and fifty-six (256) male Japanese quail of average weight of 115.00 ± 5g were used for this study. The birds were randomly allotted to four dietary groups with four replicates of sixteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design. Turmeric powder was added in the diet at 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% to form diet D1, D2, D3, and D4. All the data collected for growth performance were significantly influenced (P<0.05). Birds fed D2 had the highest average daily weight gain (1.33 g/bird) followed by those fed D3 (1.25 g/bird), D1 (1.17 g/bird), and D4 (1.09 g/bird). Birds fed D2 had the highest total feed intake (829.59 g/bird) and D1 had the lowest (786.34 g/bird). Birds fed D4 had the highest flock uniformity and feed conversion ratio (59.40% and 18.17 respectively). All the haematological parameters were significant (P<0.05) except pack cell volume, haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell, and platelet. Birds fed D2 had the highest mean corpuscular volume (163.00 fL). Birds fed D3 had the highest white blood cell count (189.50 103/μL), heterophils (55.00 cells/μL), and eosinophils (1.50 cells/μL). Lymphocyte and platelet count were highest in the birds fed D4. All the serum biochemical parameters were significant (P<0.05) except asparate aminotransferase, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. Except for total protein, alanine aminotransferase, and globulin, all the significant parameters were highest in birds fed D1. 0.25% of turmeric powder can be included in quail’s diet without adverse effect on the growth performance and health.

Combination Therapy of Guajava Leaf Powder (Psidium Guajava L) and Turmeric Powder (Curcuma Domestica Val) to Cure Diarrhea in Sheep

This study aims to determine the therapeutic effect of guava leaf powder and turmeric powder on the healing of diarrhea in sheep. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, each consisting of three repetitions. P0 treatment as a control in three sheep and nine sheep for P1, P2, and P3 treatments with different doses (400 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW). Parameters assessed were frequency of defecation, consistency, and color of sheep feces. The combined treatment of guava leaf powder and turmeric powder on sheep diarrhea was analyzed using ANOVA statistical analysis and Duncan's further test after scoring changes in healing. The result of the ANOVA analysis was a significant difference of 0.007 (P<0.01) on Day 3 compared to Day 1 and Day 2. Duncan's further test was that P0 was not significantly different from P1 but significantly different from P2 and P3. P1 was not significantly different from P0 and P2 but significantly different from P3. P2 was significantly different from P0 but not significantly different from P1 and P3, while P3 with P0 and P1 showed significantly different but not significantly different from P2.

Studies on Tamarind Seed Kernel-Based Bio Composites for Fire Performance and Degradability to Enhance Shelf Life, Under the Influence of Additives

Natural fibre reinforced composites have received a lot of interest in recent years as prospective building components for low-cost applications. Natural fibers offer good opportunity as composite reinforcement, as they are strong, light, cheap and renewable. Numerous experiments have been conducted to emphasize the use of bio-based materials for various applications. Considering environmental aspects, the current research is concentrated on bio-based binder and reinforcement. The objective here is to conduct various experiments for fire behaviour to justify its insulation property, fungal behaviour for degradability, moisture absorption and mechanical properties in order to tabulate results and to quantify the variations. Justify optimal composition and parameter responsible for variation by DOE-Taguchi technique. Experimental results presented reduction in burning rate with increase in Tamarind Seed Kernel Gum (TSG), attaining lowest of 8.29 mm/min at 60% Paper Cellulose (PC) and 40% TSG falling within the class of UL94HB for horizontal testing, 26.92 mm/min for vertical testing. The PC in combination with TSG influenced development of ‘Mucore’ category fungus resulting in rapid degradation, this is addressed by additives namely ‘Boric Acid’ and ‘Turmeric Powder’. Poor performance observed in terms of moisture behaviour hampering the sustainability of composites.

Physicochemical characteristics of kombucha based on various concentration of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe)

Currently, kombucha can not only be made from tea but also other substrates such as fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. This research presented the usage of white turmeric with various concentrations as kombucha substrate to enhance the bioactivity of white turmeric. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one factor of white turmeric concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) with three replications each. White turmeric powder was made into drinks with determined concentrations, then fermented into kombucha by SCOBY culture at room temperature for 12 days. Physicochemical characteristics such as acidity content (pH), total sugars, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity was analyzed along with identification of bioactive compounds. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Fisher's LSD (Least Significance Different) test at p < 0.05. The best treatment was determined with Zeleny's method. Research showed that kombucha fermentation changed pH, decreased total sugar content, enhanced total phenolic content, and improved antioxidant activity also increased bioactive compounds of white turmeric. The best results were obtained in kombucha with 0.8% (w/v) white turmeric concentration with the characteristics as follows: pH of 3.52 ± 0.02, total sugar content of 3.34% ± 0.08%, total phenol content of 174.20 ± 0.83 mg GAE/ml, and antioxidant activity IC50 of 113.07 ± 1.54 ppm.

Effect of gamma radiation on fungal load decontamination of marketed spices

In this study, the effects of gamma radiation on the decontamination of fungus, physicochemi-cal properties, and molecular analysis of Aspergillus spp. of common spices for storage were evaluated. After being irradiated with gamma doses of 0, 2, 4, and 6 kGy and sealed in glass vials, the spices were stored at room temperature for 180 days. Among the tested spice samples, chili, turmeric, and black pepper powder showed the highest presence of fungal contamination compared to cumin, coriander, garlic, and ginger samples. Microscopy was used to identify a total of 48 isolates, of which 11 were Mucor, 25 were Penicillium, and 12 were Aspergillus. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, a total of 12 Aspergillus genera were identified among them: 5 in black pepper and 7 in red chili. The gamma radiation also reduced the number of microbes compared to the control group. The best gamma radiation doses were found to kill the organ-isms in the studied spices. These were 6 kGy for red chili, 4 kGy for turmeric and black pepper, and 2 kGy for cumin, coriander, garlic, and ginger. Measurements of the physicochemical parameters were not significantly impacted by the 180-day exposure to gamma radiation; however, the number of fungi drastically decreased. Gamma radiation has been explored as an effective method for decontaminating spices, offering a promising solution for ensuring food safety and quality.

The feasibility of using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with one-class support vector machine in screening turmeric powders

Once turmeric has been ground into powder, it is difficult to tell visually if it has been tampered with. In this study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used in tandem with one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) to detect adulteration in turmeric powder. The OCSVM models were trained using 42 pure turmeric powder samples, optimized using 30 pure turmeric powder samples, and subsequently evaluated by classifying 30 pure and 120 adulterated (cornstarch, Metanil Yellow, Orange II, and Sudan I) samples. Preprocessing methods, such as Savitzky-Golay (SG)-derivatives, standard normal variate (SNV), and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), were used individually and in combination to obtain the best-performing model. Models were assessed by comparing the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency values and compared with one-class soft independent modeling of class analogy (OCSIMCA). The best performing OCSVM model (sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.89) was obtained by first conducting an MSC on the raw data followed by SG-2nd derivative transformation. It also has an efficiency value of 0.94, which was 0.14 higher than when data preprocessing was not done. Compared to the results of OCSIMCA, the OCSVM model gave a higher efficiency value and can detect lower levels of cornstarch adulteration. Also, the results showed that inclusion of data preprocessing can lead to a better classification model. With the obtained evaluation parameter values, ATR-spectroscopy coupled with OCSVM demonstrated its potential for screening turmeric powder products.

A supercritical fluid co-extract of turmeric powder and dried coconut shreds shows neuroprotection against AlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats through nose to brain delivery

This study was aimed at investigating the neuroprotective potential of a co-extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of turmeric powder and dried coconut shreds against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in male Wistar rats. Fifty animals were allocated to five groups, which received saline (vehicle control, group 1), a combination of saline and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (disease control, group 2), coconut oil (COO) (SFE extracted, treatment group 3), turmeric oleoresin (Cur) (SFE extracted, treatment group 4) and SFE co-extract of turmeric powder and coconut shreds (CurCOO) (treatment group 5). Animals were subjected to behavioural evaluation. In addition, the hippocampal section of the brain from all groups was subjected to biochemical, molecular and histopathological evaluations. The results showed CurCOO administered intranasally improved cognitive abilities, reversed histological alterations in the brain, reduced hippocampus inflammation studied through proinflammatory cytokine markers like TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to the disease control group. The impact of CurCOO on preventive neurodegeneration was also observed through a reduction in protein transcription factor NF-kB in the treated group 5 as compared to a disease control group. The effect of intranasal delivery of CurCOO on the neurons responsible for memory consolidation was evident from low acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the treated groups with respect to AlCl3 induced group. Summarily, the results demonstrated intranasal delivery of CurCOO to show better efficacy than Cur and COO in preventing neurodegeneration associated with AlCl3 induced Alzheimer’s disease.

Growth performance of broiler chickens of turmeric (Curcuma longa) turmeric aqueous extract

The effects of Turmeric Powder extract (TPE) on the growth performance of broiler chicken were evaluated in the 5-week study. On 240-day-old chicks weighing 40.9g, levels were supplemented with turmeric powder extracts (TPE) in the water of broiler chicken. In conclusion, there was increased final live weight and weight gain, a better feed conversion ratio (FRC), and body and feed intake with the highest TPE on water. The serum metabolites were not affected by the level of TP in the diets. It was concluded that levels supplemented with turmeric powder Extracts (TPE) in the water of broiler chicken appear to act as a growth promoter with no adverse effect on health status. Keywords: turmeric; broiler; growth performance.

Effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric, Curcuma longa leaf on growth and health status of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

High stocking density poses a risk to an aquaculture species' production and health status, increasing their vulnerability to diseases and infection. Feed additive reportedly enhances the growth and health of farmed fish. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of turmeric, Curcuma longa, leaf powder on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, hematology, antioxidative response, and disease resistance of African catfish. A feeding trial was conducted using a control diet and three experimental diets containing powdered C. longa leaf at various levels (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%). After eight weeks, the growth performance of African catfish supplemented with C. longa leaf powder improved significantly (p &lt;0.05), particularly the fish fed with 1.5% turmeric leaf powder. Meanwhile, the FCR was significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the control group, where the CL15 group recorded the lowest FCR. Furthermore, the fish fed 1.5% powdered C. longa leaf had substantially higher (p &lt;0.05) lipase, protease, and amylase activities than other groups. Powdered C. longa leaf supplementation also significantly enhanced (p &lt;0.05) the antioxidative responses of African catfish compared to the control group, particularly glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, the cumulative survival rate was significantly (p &lt;0.05) higher in fish that received powdered C. longa leaf,with the highest being the CL15 group. In summary, 1.5% powdered C. longa leaf is possibly the optimal dosage for African catfish feed to boost their productivity.

Turmeric Powder Counteracts Oxidative Stress and Reduces AFB1 Content in the Liver of Broilers Exposed to the EU Maximum Levels of the Mycotoxin.

The most frequent adverse effects of AFB1 in chicken are low performance, the depression of the immune system, and a reduced quality of both eggs and meat, leading to economic losses. Since oxidative stress plays a major role in AFB1 toxicity, natural products are increasingly being used as an alternative to mineral binders to tackle AFB1 toxicosis in farm animals. In this study, an in vivo trial was performed by exposing broilers for 10 days to AFB1 at dietary concentrations approaching the maximum limits set by the EU (0.02 mg/kg feed) in the presence or absence of turmeric powder (TP) (included in the feed at 400 mg/kg). The aims were to evaluate (i) the effects of AFB1 on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, histology, and the expression of drug transporters and biotransformation enzymes in the liver; (ii) the hepatic accumulation of AFB1 and its main metabolites (assessed using an in-house-validated HPLC-FLD method); (iii) the possible modulation of the above parameters elicited by TP. Broilers exposed to AFB1 alone displayed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver, which was completely reverted by the concomitant administration of TP. Although no changes in glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected in any treatment group, AFB1 significantly upregulated and downregulated the mRNA expression of CYP2A6 and Nrf2, respectively. TP counteracted such negative effects and increased the hepatic gene expression of selected antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT and SOD2) and drug transporters (i.e., ABCG2), which were further enhanced in combination with AFB1. Moreover, both AFB1 and TP increased the mRNA levels of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in the duodenum. The latter changes might be implicated in the decrease in hepatic AFB1 to undetectable levels (<LOD) in the TP supplemented group. Overall, our findings further support the use of TP as an effective feeding strategy to prevent AFB1-related adverse effects in broilers.

Fermentation of Cocoa Pods Husk Using Turmeric Powder and Aspergillus niger: Effects on Fiber Composition and Antinutrients

Processing of cocoa pods husk (CPH) by fermentation with Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and additional herbs such as turmeric is believed to be able to improve the quality of feed ingredients from plantation byproducts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fermentation process using A. niger and the addition of different levels of turmeric in reducing the fiber fraction and antinutrient contents of CPH.  The experiment used a completely randomized design of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0: control; P1: CPH fermented with A. niger; P2, P3 and P4: fermented (CPH + 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5% turmeric powder) with A. niger; P5, P6 and P7: fermented CPH with A. niger + 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 % turmeric powder. Variables observed were the fiber composition of CPH as well as antinutrients. The results showed that CPH fermentation using A. niger with different levels of turmeric powder significantly reduced the content of fiber fractions, i.e., NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose, compared to that of unfermented CPH. For antinutritional content, fermentation using A. niger with different levels of turmeric powder significantly decreased tannin. It tended to decrease the lignin content of CPH compared to unfermented CPHs. In conclusion, fermentation of CPH using A. niger with an addition of 1.5% of turmeric before the fermentation is the most effective treatment in decreasing the fiber and antinutritional Components In CPH.

Biodegradable PBAT/PLA blend films incorporated with turmeric and cinnamomum powder: A potential alternative for active food packaging

Active packaging made from biodegradable polymers and natural additives appears as an ecological alternative. In addition to having antioxidant activity and enhancing food preservation, it allows mitigating the negative impacts caused by improper disposal. This study pursued to produce biodegradable films based on a polymer blend PBAT/PLA (Ecovio®) using the flat extrusion method. The films were prepared with the incorporation of 5 wt% of powdered turmeric or cinnamon as natural additives. The films obtained, and those reprocessed twice, were characterized in terms of colorimetric, UV light transmittance, water contact angle, water vapor permeability, morphology, mechanical properties, and antioxidant activity. Cinnamon reduced the UV light transmittance and made a surface more hydrophobic. Reprocessing led to greater elongation and maximum load, associated with increased dispersion and distribution, as evidenced in the morphological analysis. The films developed have significant potential for applications in active food packaging, with emphasis on cinnamon-additivated films.

Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Removal Cream by Using an Herbal Base

The cosmetic and hygiene industry and the hair removal market are growing in importance. Teenage girls and women often worry about unwanted hair. This study highlights the importance of choosing herbal hair removers over herbal depilatories due to their high efficacy, safety and lack of side effects. Hair removal herbs and their composition in herbal creams, as well as other hair removal methods, are being studied. Hair removers are cosmetic products designed to remove hair from the skin. Chemical hair removers mostly contain salts of thioglycolic acids as active components. The following ingredients are needed to make the hair cream: thioglycolic acid, cetyl alcohol, turmeric powder, neem and Tulsi extract, ginger and papaya powder, liquid paraffin and the required amount of orange oil. The pH, viscosity, spreadability and homogeneity of the depilatory cream composition were evaluated. The results showed the composition and excellent properties of F3.

Effect of Fortifying Sunflower Oil with Different Levels of Turmeric Powder and Studying its Physicochemical Properties

Turmeric powder was added to sunflower oil at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6)%. The oil was stored for 21 days at a temperature of 60 °C for the purpose of studying the physicochemical properties of the oil. The viscosity was the highest value (65.46) centipedes for the sample fortified with 6% turmeric in the period (21) days, and the lowest value for the control sample was (65.46) centipedes in the period (21) days. It was found that the highest refractive index value was found in the control sample, which amounted to 1.497 during a period of (21) days, while the lowest value of the refractive index was in the 2% sample fortified with turmeric, and amounted to 1.465, a day during a period of (21) days. While the highest concentration of the density was (0.855) g. / cm for the 6% sample fortified with turmeric in the period (21) days, while the lowest concentration of the control sample was (803.0) g / cm in the period (21) days. Also, the highest pH value was (3.85) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm at the 21-day period for the control sample, and the lowest concentration for the 2% sample supported with turmeric was (1.25) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm at the 21-day period. While the highest value of the iodine number for the 6% sample fortified with turmeric was (125.52) in the period (0) days, and the lowest value of the iodine number for the control sample of sunflower oil was (110.63) during the period (21) days. While the highest value of the peroxide number for the control sample was (5.53) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm in the period (21) days, and the lowest value for the 2% sample fortified with turmeric was (3.15) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm in the period (21) days. It was observed that the highest level of saponification number in the control sample amounted to (214.60) mg / potassium hydroxide / g during storage periods (21 days) and the lowest value of the saponification number in the 2% sample fortified with turmeric when it reached (191.04) mg / potassium hydroxide / g during the storage period. (21 days. It was found that the highest value of thiobarbituric acid for the control sample was (4.53) mmaldehyde/kg oil in the period of (21) days, while the lowest value was for the 2% sample fortified with turmeric, as it amounted to (2.37) mmaldehyde/kg oil in the period (21) days.

Combinational Antidiabetic effects of Curcuma longa L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. extracts in alloxan induced type-1 diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is one of the leading causes of death globally. The current study aimed to determine the combined protective effect of Curcuma longa (CL) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) on alloxan-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue of albino Wister rats. Rats were divided into 8 groups with 6 individuals each. Group I served as control, group II, III and IV were treated with CL, TFG and CL+TFG respectively. Group V, VI, VII and VIII were alloxan-induced diabetic rats, whereas group V served as negative control and group VI, VII and VIII were treated with CL, TFG and CL+TFG respectively. Blood glucose, body weight, oxidative enzymes and histopathological changes were evaluated. Group V showed significant increase in blood glucose levels after induction of alloxan, whereas, group VI, VII and VIII showed significantly decreased levels. However, the best hypoglycaemic activity was found in group VIII. The body weights were slightly increased in groups II, III and IV after the treatment of plant extracts, whereas, decreased body weights were noticed in group V. though no significant weight changes were observed in groups VI, VII and VIII. A significant decrease in oxidative enzyme levels as compared to group V were recorded. The histopathological investigation of liver tissue showed morphological alteration in group V and ameliorative effects in group VI, VII and VIII due to administration of CL, TFG and CL+TFG. Therefore, the combined administration of CL+ TFG exhibits the highest hypoglycemic activity by reducing the oxidative enzyme levels and regeneration of liver tissue.