Indian Literature Research Articles

Satyajit Ray’s Versatile Creativity in Children's Literature and His Persistent Impact on Young Minds

"Pather Panchali" and "Charulata" are two of the most significant contributions that the creative genius Satyajit Ray has made to the film industry. On the other hand, he has not restricted his creative abilities to the area of film; rather, he has been a prolific writer and a storyteller in the realm of published works for children. Through the creation of a fictional and engaging character, Ray eventually became a well-liked figure among young minds. Readers of all ages were kept interested by the numerous mysteries and the smart plot throughout the entire book. The brilliant author introduced the thrill of solving crimes, the beauty of travel, and a brilliant scientist with an unquenchable curiosity about the universe through the adventures of Feluda and the beloved character Professor Shonku. These adventures have not only ignited his young readers' interest in scientific exploration, but they have also entertained them. It is clear that Ray is a skilled writer since he is able to take young minds to a magical world that is filled with wonder, creativity, and fantasy. It is via his narratives that a rich tapestry is created, one that resonates with people of all ages and that leads to a realm of magic. The study underlines Ray's tremendous impact on Indian children's literature, which has kindled young minds with inspiration and love for reading and storytelling. Ray's work has been credited with a number of remarkable accomplishments. In addition, the paper discusses Ray's unique dual position as an author and illustrator, which provides a powerful visual representation of his story and leaves an impression on the minds of the readers. His literary prowess is a talent that will never go out of style for any reader, and it will continue to motivate future generations to invent stories and discover new worlds.

TRACING BHAVNA (FEELING/EMOTION) AND VICHAR (THOUGHT) IN INDIAN AND WESTERN POETICS

This research paper investigates the nuanced concepts of bhavna (feeling/emotion) and vichar (thought) in Indian and Western literature and poetics. Drawing upon classical Indian writings of Abhinavgupta, Bhartruhari, Mamata, Bharat Muni and canonical poems by William Wordsworth, Coleridge, John Keats, Matthew Arnold, and Robert Browning, the paper analyzes how these two cultural traditions approach the portrayal and integration of emotion and thought in artistic expression. By examining representative excerpts from these Western poets alongside examples from classical Indian texts, this study aims to elucidate the similarities, differences, and unique characteristics of bhavna and vichar in shaping the aesthetic experience across cultural traditions.

Green HRM Practices in IndiaA Study on Selected Companies

Human beings are always related with phenomena of nature, and thereby in today’s concept everything needs to be managed in such a manner that our nature, the place of our sustainability remains in its best condition. The same flow has been felt in the concept of business and interrelated activities of business. The primary concern that remains for any business is management policies and above everything it is the human which needs to be directed in proper manner, so that the concerns of any business are protected. This paper presents the idea of managing the human resources, better known as Human Resource Management (HRM), which go with the concern of protecting the nature which is titled as Green HRM. The study briefly explains the concept of Green HRM and its impact on different companies through survey of Indian Literatures to finally emphasize over the prospect of Green HRM in organizational structure.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation using coplanar and cuspal overlap techniques in Indian patients

IntroductionTranscatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) techniques gradually evolved since 2002 and have undergone various refinements. Achieving optimal implantation depth has become crucial for good long term outcome. High implantation decreases the likelihood of conduction disturbances. Conventionally TAVI valve is positioned in a tricusp coplanar (CON) fluoroscopic projection however it does not ensure a optimal implantation. In an attempt to attain higher implantation(3 mm) and decrease rate of permanent pacemaker, cuspal overlap technique (COT) view has been developed. There is scarcity of Indian literature comparing TAVI deployment using coplanar and cuspal overlap techniques. MethodsWe included 111 patients who underwent TAVR with a self-expanding Core Valve Evolut R (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota), between January 2017 to September 2022 at our centre.Transcatheter Heart Valves (THV) were implanted using the traditional coplanar in 55 patients, while in 56 patients valves were implanted using the COT. ResultsBaseline characteristics including electrocardiographic findings were comparable in both groups. In all patients Evolut R or Evolut PRO valves were used. Procedure was done in conscious sedation in 90.9 % of patients in CON and 96.4 % in COT group. Predilatation and postdilatation was used in 38.8 % vs 33.9 % and 27 % vs 32 % in CON and COT groups respectively. 90 day PPI rate was less in COT group (7.3 % CON vs 3.5 % COP). Majority of patients who received permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) had baseline ECG abnormality (RBBB in 50 %, LBBB in 16 %, Grade 1 AV block 16 %). Mean time of post procedure PPI was 5.6 days in COT group and 7.3 days in CON group. New onset LBBB was also less in COT group (21 % CON vs 12.5 % COT).There were 3.6 % intraprocedural deaths in CON group and 1.8 % in COT group. Depth of deployed valve was 4.8 ± 2.34 mm in COT and 6.6 ± 2.11 mm in CON group. Valve deployment time was more in COT group(10.40 CON vs 14.34 min COT). Average valve recapture rate was 2.58 in COP and 2.11 in CON. Stroke rate was more in COT group(3.6 % CON vs 7.14 % COT). Pericardial effusions were also more in COT group. All cause mortality at 3 months was 10.9 % in CON group and 5.3 % in COT. ConclusionIn this study we achieved lower rates of PPI and new onset LBBB using COT technique in Indian patients using self-expandable prostheses. However valve deployment time, stroke rate and pericardial effusion were seen more in COT group. All cause mortality was low in cuspal overlap technique.

Ecological Consciousness in Puranas: A Comprehensive Review

This article explores the ecological consciousness ingrained in the Puranas, a category of ancient Indian literature, and examines its significance in the present-day context. The Puranas depict nature as divine, personifying elements like rivers and mountains, fostering a profound spiritual and ecological perspective. The concept of "Nature as Divine" is explored in the Padma Purana and Matsya Purana, emphasizing the interconnected web of life and encouraging reverence for the environment. Conservation ethics and sustainable living practices are evident in narratives from the Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Purana, Padma Purana, and Matsya Purana. These texts advocate for responsible stewardship of natural resources, aligning human existence with cosmic rhythms and promoting a harmonious relationship between humanity and the environment. The article highlights the theme of "Cosmological Harmony" in Hindu cosmology, emphasizing the interconnectedness of cosmic elements and divine forces to maintain balance. It also discusses environmental crises depicted in certain Puranas, cautioning against ecological imbalance and advocating responsible stewardship. Rituals and eco-friendly practices, such as yajnas and vratas, are explored as indirect suggestions for sustainable living. The Puranas also promote animal welfare and ahimsa, with examples from the Vishnu Purana and other texts emphasizing compassion towards all living beings.While acknowledging the contemporary relevance of Puranic wisdom, the article discusses challenges in interpreting and applying these teachings in the modern world. Balancing literal and symbolic interpretations, addressing societal changes, preventing cultural appropriation, and reconciling scientific knowledge with religious beliefs pose challenges. Despite these hurdles, the ongoing relevance of the Puranas lies in their ability to offer guidance and inspiration for sustainable living and responsible environmental stewardship in the face of current environmental challenges.

HINGLISH TODAY: ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF HINGLISH LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN LITERATURE

The linguistic phenomenon of Hinglish, a blend of Hindi and English, has gained widespread prevalence in India as a result of the interplay between these two languages within diverse sociocultural environments. The emergence of Hinglish, a linguistic fusion of Hindi and English, has garnered significant attention, especially within contemporary Indian literature, as it serves to portray the diverse and dynamic multicultural fabric of Indian society. The objective of this academic article is to offer a thorough examination of the linguistic characteristics of Hinglish, a fusion of Hindi and English, as manifested in present-day Indian literary works. This academic article critically examines direct quotations and references from a range of literary works to elucidate the evolution, significance, and impact of Hinglish on language, culture, and identity in India. Utilizing a wide array of empirical evidence and scholarly investigation, the present study offers significant contributions to understanding the intricate linguistic milieu of Hinglish within contemporary Indian literature. The article’s objective is to furnish a comprehensive examination of the linguistic traits of Hinglish, a linguistic amalgamation resulting from the fusion of Hindi and English in the Indian context. This research investigates the incorporation of Hinglish within contemporary Indian literature as a reflection of the diverse and multilingual characteristics of the nation. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study aims to elucidate the evolving role of Hinglish in Indian writing.

The Mosaic of Society: Jayant Mahapatra’s Imaginative Realism and Philosophic Insights in Indian Social Milieu

Jayanta Mahapatra is widely celebrated as an iconic figure and revered as the Father of Modern and post-modern Indian English poetry. He is known for his unique blend of imaginative realism and profound philosophical insights in his poetry. This research paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the visionary poet Jayant Mahapatra's literary works, focusing on the intertwining themes of realism and philosophy within the rich tapestry of Indian literature. His profound poetical works serve as a cornerstone in any discourse on Indian English Poetry, vividly portraying themes of social discrimination and the erosion of moral values. Internationally acclaimed, Mahapatra's masterpieces such as "Hunger," "Myth," and " Summer" are hailed as flawless examples of majestic poetry that compel readers to grapple with profound societal truths. Delving deeper into his repertoire, his philosophical musings in poems like "The Moon Moments" and "Total Solar Eclipse" resonate with a stark realism that captivates and mesmerizes audiences worldwide. An immersive and enlightening reading of Mahapatra's poetic oeuvre, sheds light on how his imaginative realism and philosophic insights offer a deep understanding of contemporary Indian society, its complexities, and the human condition at large. His poetry is remarkable for its profound depth of emotions and true poetic imagination, which spans a wide variety of themes. His work evokes intense emotional connections with the world around him, as he skillfully transforms everyday events into verse. To quote Robert Frost: “Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words.” Mahapatra's imaginative canvas powerfully delves into the human condition, where a brooding landscape, heavy bodily passions, and interior compulsions intertwine with the agonizing strands of human existence, offering a profound and thought-provoking exploration of our innermost struggles. He himself stated “I fell in love with English. I played with words, turning them over and over again until they were heavy with meaning.”

Shaping Narratives: Feminist Themes in the Evolution of Indian Literature in English

ABSTRACT: Indian literature in English has undergone a significant transformation over the years, reflecting the diverse socio-cultural landscape of the country. Within this literary realm, feminist issues have gained prominence as writers explore and challenge traditional gender norms and power dynamics. This essay delves into the feminist themes present in Indian writings in English, examining how authors address issues related to women's rights, identity, and societal expectations. The roots of feminism in Indian literature can be traced back to the pre-independence era when social reform movements sought to address issues like child marriage, widowhood, and female education. However, it was in the post-independence period that feminist voices gained momentum in literature. Writers began to articulate the struggles and aspirations of women, often using literature as a medium for social critique and change.

Sanskrit Scriptures (Ancient Indian History) and Their Scientific Relevance in Modern Science

Abstract: Ancient Indian Science has a plethora of knowledge which include Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Puranas but limited online resources available to everyone. to Indian Ancient History preserves the truths of modern science and many justifications of present questions raised in the field of sciences. Most of these scriptures were written in 500-1500 BCE, an era which is believed to have lacked scientific knowledge and reasonings. Many of the Indian transcripts testify data and proofs evident in the Ancient Indian Literature. The Vedas contain intricate details about celestial bodies, their movements, and the concept of time, reflecting an advanced understanding of astronomy. Mathematical concepts, including geometry and algebraic principles, are discernible in texts like the Shulba Sutras. Moreover, Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system documented in Sanskrit, provides holistic insights into healthcare, emphasizing a balance of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. The scriptures also exhibit ecological awareness, prescribing sustainable practices for harmonious coexistence with nature. Sushruta Samhita and other scriptures provide in depth details of utilization of every plant part for cure of diseases. This study encompasses reasonings and specific citing of exact verses of scientific findings found years before modern scientists. Further research will contribute in expansion of knowledge and help delve deeper into Ancient Indian Text.

Subverting Patriarchal Narratives: Exploring Bhyrappa's Depiction of Sita Through Historiographic Metafiction

The Ramayana, the ancient Hindu epic, has been retold and rewritten in various narrative forms by numerous writers from different countries. It has a global appeal that has inspired authors worldwide to create unique Ramayanas. Among these recreations, Bhyrappa's Uttarakaanda stands out with its multiple story views. This research paper, titled “Subverting Patriarchal Narratives: Exploring Bhyrappa’s Depiction of Sita Through Historiographic Metafiction,” delves into the author's methods of retelling the age-old narrative. The present study utilizes the conceptual frameworks of postmodernism, with a particular emphasis on historiographic metafiction. By delving into the deconstruction of grand narratives and questioning traditional elements that impede women's rights, the article aims to shed light on important thematic concerns. Specifically, the primary focus of this research lies in the analysis of the author's work titled 'Sitayana,' where the narrative spotlight is shifted from Rama to Sita. Through a meticulous examination of the author's adept incorporation of alternative perspectives, the paper explores how this approach resonates with both Indian literature and its readership. Moreover, the article critically engages with the power dynamics that influenced Rama's actions and shaped his understanding of dharma.

Construction of Ideal Self in Salman Rushdie’s Victory City

Indian literature often employs mystic characters to reflect sociopolitical themes. The central narrative of Salman Rushdie’s Victory City (2023) revolves around Pampa Kampana, a young female protagonist. Through mystical direction, she builds an empire and uses poetry to pass on her cultural legacy. The objective of this research is to demonstrate Pampa’s progression using the framework of self-construal theory. Nevertheless, her interaction with diverse personalities and surrounding settings during her 247-year lifespan demonstrates her interdependent construal. Her character arc changes significantly as she goes from being a young orphan who lost her family and experienced tragedy to being a resolute queen and mother of Bisnaga City. Her pursuit of the throne within the societal constraints of gender showcases her resolute nature as an individual. External variables cause her self-construal to become unstable. Her journey, from being a vulnerable orphan who experienced physical abuse to becoming a champion for gender equality in Bisnaga, demonstrates her remarkable resilience. The research highlights how Pampa Kampana eschews independence in favour of interdependence when navigating social dynamics, familial ties, and cultural norms of human civilization. It mirrors the struggles and journey faced by most women.

World Literature: An Indian Way of Thinking

The idea of the world is a dynamic phenomenon, and the development of world literature is tied to both literary and extra-literary events. Worldwide literary centers can be found in many locations spanning both time and space. The concept of the world, or Visva (Sanskrit), is considerably older even if world literature has been a discursive framework that has affected the literary structures of many languages around the world since the 19th century. “Vasudhaiba Kutumbakam,” or the universal neighborhood, is a term from ancient Indian literature that attests to the age of the concept of Vasudha, or the world. As a result of numerous trade routes, cultural interactions, the expansion of ancient and medieval kingdoms, and the transit of literary writings, cosmopolitan literary spaces were created in various parts of t8he world. Additionally, the absence of modern cartography and the sovereign state system enabled constant changes in the borders of the empires, resulting in spaces with many languages. India has connections to several Asian nations dating back to ancient times, as well as to Europe since the medieval period. The diverse traditions of human thought from various parts of the world are carried in Indian literature. Significant literary contacts and the ongoing formation of new literary legacies were witnessed in the East, Middle East, South East, and South Asia of the present. The Sufi and Bhakti traditions, the reception of Indian epics as oral, written, and performative texts in South-East Asia, and the role of the royal courts as multilingual literary spaces continue to broaden the intellectual traditions of Bharat (India). Thus, the pre-modern development of world literature seemed intriguing and a subject worth exploring for literary professionals. This essay contends that ancient and medieval India and Bengal, particularly their languages, continually bargained to expand their intellectual frontiers.

Indian Literature Review on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. The global prevalence of NAFLD has increased from 25.3% in 1990–2006 – 38.0% in 2016–2019. Easy access to calorie-dense food and a sedentary lifestyle together with the modern epidemics of diabetes mellitus and obesity have catapulted NAFLD into a substantial public health problem in India as in other parts of the world. NAFLD has emerged as one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplant in India. In this review, we summarized the Indian perspective of NAFLD epidemiology, risk factors, assessment, spectrum, lifestyle interventions, treatment options, and transplant prospects.

Demystifying Women’s Affordances in Spaces towards Nurturing Noetics An Analysis of the Movie Thappad (2020)

Thappad by Anubhav Sinha is a movie which tells us about the struggles of various aspects of being a woman affecting them in the societal and domestic praxis. The article investigates the availability of space in the context of Indian women to tend their mind for their well being as portrayed in the movie. It also contrasts the realization of women performing their gender as they lose their individuality. The search of ‘self’ is a modern concept in Indian literature often associated with women after long years of being daughter, wife and mother. Gender is a repetitive performance according to Judith Butler. Scholarly debates show that the kitchen tales all around the world signifies the unending entrapment loop of women in the kitchen space still. Though there are women achieving great heights, there are movies like this showcasing the demarcation of gendered spaces and entrapment of women. As Confucian school of thought with its theory of mind helps us to foster the authenticity of mind for the well being of humans. Mencius claims the mind as an entity that exists in space. Its dimensions can be altered with human experiences in turn affecting its horizon. Psychologist Gibson also expresses that space is what constitutes the mind. And the visualizable spaces affecting the mind. Space here has no disparity of physical,mental,and temporal dimensions. Qualitative analysis of space as a category for the mind’s wellbeing and self realization of women losing their self portrayed in the movie is discussed in the article.

A study to determine the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Corneal thinning is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), thereby affecting the central corneal thickness (CCT). Effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in RA has abounding literature on retinal toxicity, but there is lack of data on its corneal effects. A cross-sectional study was carried out to compare CCT in RA patients before treatment initiation (Group 1) with CCT in those on HCQ for ≥3 months (Group 2). Fifty patients were enrolled in each group. The mean age was 44.36 years with similar age, gender distribution and visual acuity in both groups. The mean CCT of patients in the cohort was 521.80 µm ± 32.57 µm and 523.94 µm ± 33.40 µm in the right eye (RE) and left eye (LE), respectively. Mean CCT in Group 1 was (RE) 522.80 µm/(LE) 524.26 µm and in Group 2 was (RE) 520.80 µm/(LE) 523.62 µm, and there was no significant difference in CCT between both the groups. Median duration of HCQ usage in Group 2 was 24 months, with the median cumulative dosage being 171 g and a majority having a dosage of 200 mg/day. There was no significant correlation between the duration/cumulative dosage of HCQ intake and CCT. No corneal deposits were identified in any patient. CCT of RA patients was similar to those reported in the Indian literature. However, there was no significant change in CCT or corneal deposits identified with an HCQ dosage of 200-400 mg/day. Longer follow-up would provide clarity on the impact of duration and cumulative dosage of HCQ on corneal changes and CCT.

Ink to Pixel: Wattpad as a Pedagogical Tool for English Literature in India

Digital Humanities is a burgeoning field where traditional ink converges into digital pixels. Descending from the field of computing humanities data, the scholarly activity continues to produce innovative projects. As far as digital pedagogy is considered, the 2012 edition of Debates in the Digital Humanities shed light on the state of pedagogy as a neglected stepchild of Digital Humanities. But with technological innovations, various digital pedagogical tools have emerged in the past decades. Post Covid-19 lot of digital pedagogical tools have been recognized by educators as part of teaching methodologies. In India, teaching methodologies have evolved to a significant degree from traditional teaching to digital classrooms. Lot of innovative methodologies are employed by the faculties to enhance students’ learning and performance. English Literature is one of the most sought out humanities programs offered in Indian Education Institutions. When it comes to Literature teaching, professors employ various teaching methodologies including e- teaching, where digital tools are being employed. The paper aims to establish Wattpad, a digital platform for writing and reading stories, as a pedagogical tool for English Literature in India. This digital storytelling platform provides a space for the students’ literary expression where they can read and write literary pieces and get real time feedback from users which boosts interactivity. By using this digital pedagogical tool English Literature students are encouraged to apply their literary skills by employing what they have learnt during their course to produce literary works.

Taxonomic note on the endemic genus Lophopogon (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) from India

Although the genus Lophopogon comprises only two distinct species, their identification has always been bewildering in some of the available grass literature in India. This confusion mainly stems from the tendency of Indian botanists to utilize weak key characters to differentiate the species. We have discussed both the variable as well as distinguishing features of the Lophopogon species and revised the key to make it more efficient. Upon a thorough morphological study of the recently described L. prasannae, we have concluded that it is but a variable form of an obscure species L. kingii. Therefore, we now consider it a new heterotypic synonym of the latter. While re-evaluating the previously misidentified specimens of Lophopogon, we have established two new distributional records of L. kingii for the states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, South India. In L. kingii a characteristic whitish indumentum is observed, which is confined to the base of the plant and is not observed in any of the variable forms of L. tridentatus. Based on this character, we have restructured and simplified the identification key for easy and accurate species delimitation. We have also provided a brief discussion on the phenotypic variability of both the species, along with photo plates to facilitate identification and showcase a variability spectrum in plant habit. Distribution of L. kingii is plotted on the map based on the available specimens at BSI, BSID, CAL and K herbaria.

Issues of Gender and Caste in Manjukapur ‘s Home

Manju Kapur is a contemporary Indian English Novelist. Much concerned about the problems faced by sensitive Indian women in fulfilling their identity. She records the search for identity among women of different strata of society. Establishment of identity is an assertion of the self against de-limiting factors like race, colour, language,caste nd gender among the caste is a legally Indian phenomenon. That leads to individual crisis and socio political tension. It plsysa eminent role in Indian society and Indian literature reflects the tragedy of the heinous practice of untouchability. Ms. Kapur touches on this issue most significantly in the plight of Nisha the third generation female protagonist in Home. The is an upper caste. As a child she is a victim of abuse by a cousin,whom she states fearing although her life.Luckily she has a loving aunty Roopa masi who nurtures her and sends her back to her parents. She idca very beautiful maiden,the cynosure of all eyes at college.Naturally she falls in love with a youth of another community. Consider inferior to theirs. So she is prevented from meeting the young man and their romanc ends.Unluckily she develops some skin-ailment and it is difficult to find her a groom. Her horoscope has a stigma of ‘Mangli dosha’ and that’s adds to the difficulty. Finally she is married to a middle -aged widower. In his household after giving birth to a her twins,she finds a home .This after passing through many vicissitudes Nisha finds a home and contentment she did not get at her parents home.

ECOLOGY AND THE PANCHAMAHA YAJNAS

In the huma history the early society were very close to the enviornment for survival. All living organisms and their environment are mutually reactive and affecting each other in various way. In the modern science ecology, one of the branch of biology with deals with the various principles of enviornment. The eco system is a basic functional unit of ecology and it includes biotic and a biotic thinks which influencing each other. The ecological thoughts are deeply described in the ancient literature and scientific writings. Similarly ancient Indian literature also mentioned the ecological ideas and its importance. Among these the performance of Panchamaha Yajnas is more important for the existence of the world.

R.K. Narayan’s The Guide: Representation of The Dichotomies of Life

This research delves into the profound narrative craftsmanship of R.K. Narayan focusing on his novel ‘The Guide’. Examining the interplay of dualities, beliefs, and betrayals, the study explores how Narayan seamlessly weaves together traditional values, existential dilemmas, and human relationships in his literary canvas. The analysis delves into the moral and ethical dimensions shedding light on Narayan’s subtle critique of societal norms through his humorous narration. Additionally, the research dissects the transformation of the protagonist- Raju, in ‘The Guide’ emphasizing themes of self-realization and spiritual enlightenment. By drawing on Indian classical literature and philosophy, Narayan creates a rich tapestry that portrays the complexities of human nature and the delicate balance between appearance and reality. The study particularly aims at focusing on the dichotomies of life providing valuable insights into Narayan’s unique narrative style.