Indian Institute Of Technology Research Articles

Exploring Curriculum for the Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change: The Case of Planning Schools in India

This article explores the urban planning curriculum of the three selected planning schools in India. They are the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), New Delhi; Department of City and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur; and the Faculty of Planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad. It uses content analysis to understand the deepening of research, skill formation and the possible change in pedagogy due to growing concerns about climate change (CC) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the urban area. The concerned programme coordinators and heads of the departments have also been consulted to find out the general approach to integrating CC and DRR knowledge into their planning curricula. An account of research outreach of faculty members, student dissertations and institutional publication in the CC and DRR has also been presented to illustrate research outreach with the community. It has been found that these schools need to deepen further their engagement with the domain of CC and DRR.

An Intelligent Data-Driven Approach for Electrical Energy Load Management Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Data-driven electrical energy efficiency management is the emerging trend in electrical energy forecasting and management. This fusion of data science, artificial intelligence, and electrical energy management has turned out to be the most precise and robust energy management solution. The Smart Energy Informatics Lab (SEIL) of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) conducted an experimental study in 2019 to collect massive data on university campus energy consumption. The comprehensive comparative study preparatory to the recommendation of the best candidate out of 24 machine learning algorithms on the SEIL dataset is presented in this work. In this research work, an exhaustive parametric and empirical comparative study is conducted on the SEIL dataset for the recommendation of the optimal machine learning algorithm. The simulation results established the findings that Bagged Trees, Fine Trees, and Medium Trees are, respectively, the best-, second-best-, and third-best-performing algorithms in terms of efficacy. On the contrary, a reverse ranking is observed in terms of efficiency. This is grounded in the fact that Bagged Trees is most effective algorithm for the said application and Medium Trees is the most efficient one. Likewise, Fine Trees has the optimum tradeoff between efficacy and efficiency.

Advancing an Asia-centric Perspective of Innovation

Organizations around the world increasingly face volatile environments characterized by rapidly changing market conditions and evolving consumer demands. These signal the need for organizations to continuously innovate in order to sustain competitive advantage. Despite the universal importance of innovation, innovation researchers repeatedly call for more emphasis on boundaries to the universality in innovation and its country- and culture-specific issues. This symposium applies a cross-cultural perspective, specifically an Asia- centric perspective, on understanding the antecedents and workings of innovation. The authors present a comprehensive set of studies, including one conceptual framework on national cultures’ influence on innovation and four empirical studies that demonstrate cross-national differences in innovation antecedents (e.g., configurations in ambidextrous leadership and team initiative, and entrepreneurial opportunity identification) and innovation outcomes (e.g., firm product innovativeness and innovativeness perceptions). The discussions generated by this symposium contribute to a deepened understanding and appreciation of both the rich diversity in Asian cultures and the context-specificity of innovation. Advancing an Asia-centric perspective of innovation Presenter: Sylvia Hubner; Free U. of Bozen-Bolzano Presenter: Wei Deng; Northwestern Polytechnical U. Presenter: Ameek Kaur; National U. of Singapore Presenter: Jomel Wei Xuan Ng; National U. of Singapore Presenter: Jasper Teow; National U. of Singapore Presenter: Zhaoli Song; National U. of Singapore Presenter: Ronak Gupta; Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Presenter: Abrar Ali Sayed; Ozyegin U. Presenter: Leonard Lee; National U. of Singapore

Wheat Yield Modelling using Infocrop and DSSAT Crop Simulation Models

Background: Wheat is an important crop of India That is grown in the winter season (October to April). A field study was conducted for nine plots having a dimension of 3 × 2 meter and different nutrient was applied to test the biomass yield. The objectives are to describe (a): To conduct field experiments under controlled conditions and vary the dosage of fertilizers for different treatments. (b): To observe the variation in crop yield of wheat with different dosages of fertilizers. (c): To model the crop yield of different treatments using InfoCrop and DSSAT crop models. Methods: An experiment was conducted for Wheat crop having a dimension of 3 × 2 meter at the Indian Institute of Technology, UK-India. Three plots (C1, C2, C3) was given control fertilizer supply while plot (F1, F2, F3) given -25%, +25%, +50% and plot (N1, N2, N3) given -25%, +25%, +50% w.r.t to control. The simulation model Infocrop and DSSAT were simulated to check test the model. Result: In this study, two crop simulation models namely Infocrop and DSSAT were used to predict the yield of wheat crops. Field experiments were carried out at a farm site at Roorkee, India and different treatments of fertilizers are applied to the field plots. In total, seven fertilizer treatments are used: C (controlled with a normal dosage of fertilizers), F1, F2, F3 (varying amount of applied farmyard manure), N1, N2 and N3 (varying amount of applied urea). The objective of the study was to evaluate yields of the seven treatments using Infocrop and DSSAT crop models and compare them to the observed values of yields. The grain yield of the controlled treatment (C1, C2, C3) was predicted accurately by both models. There was a significant variation in the grain yields of the F1, F2, F3 treatments with the application of farm yard manure (FYM). DSSAT under-predicted the grain yields for the plot F1, F2, F3 treatments and over-predicted these for N1, N2, N3 treatments. Overall, Infocrop, which was developed and validated for Indian conditions, simulated the grain yield more accurately as compared to the DSSAT model under varying applications of FYM and urea dosages.

Trends in groundwater research development in the South and Southeast Asian Countries: a 50-year bibliometric analysis (1970-2020).

Groundwater plays a pivotal role in sustaining the water needs of the population of South and Southeast Asia. However, long-term overexploitation and unsustainable practices have caused groundwater depletion, and deterioration in many parts of the region, further impacting human health and ecosystem services. Thus, understanding the current groundwater research activities and identifying the issues are crucial for improving future studies. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the groundwater-related literature available for South and Southeast Asia from the Scopus database for the last 50years (1970-2020). Of the total, this study identified 7895 documents, representing 13% of the total global research productivity. India was the most productive country, followed by Pakistan and Malaysia. National Geophysical Research Institute, Anna University, and Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, were the top three institutions with the highest number of groundwater-related publications. In international research collaboration, the USA and Japan were the two most collaborated countries with the South and Southeast Asian countries. Environmental science, earth and planetary sciences, and agricultural and biological sciences were the top three disciplines. The Environmental Earth Sciences journal published the highest number of groundwater-related publications in the study period. Research topic trends were observed through keyword analysis revealing increased outputs for groundwater quality, availability and suitability, recharge, and management. Our results provide valuable insights on groundwater issues that have received the most attention in South and Southeast Asia and identify the potential research topics and opportunities for researchers working in the groundwater domain.

Inter-comparison of online and offline methods for measuring ambient heavy and trace elements and water-soluble inorganic ions (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>−</sup>) in PM<sub>2.5</sub> over a heavily polluted megacity, Delhi

Abstract. Characterizing the chemical composition of ambient particulate matter (PM) provides valuable information on the concentration of secondary species and toxic metals and assists in the validation of abatement techniques. The chemical components of PM can be measured by sampling on filters and analyzing them in the laboratory or using real-time measurements of the species. It is important for the accuracy of the PM monitoring networks that measurements from the offline and online methods are comparable and biases are known. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions (NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, and Cl−) in PM2.5 measured from 24 h filter samples using ion chromatography (IC) were compared with the online measurements of inorganics from an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) with a frequency of 2 min. Also, the concentrations of heavy and trace elements determined from 24 h filter samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were compared with the online measurements of half-hourly heavy and trace metal concentrations from an Xact 625i ambient metal mass monitor. The comparison was performed over two seasons (summer and winter) and at two sites (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Delhi (IITMD)) which are located in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), India, one of the most heavily polluted urban areas in the world. Collocated deployments of the instruments helped to quantify the differences between online and offline measurements and evaluate the possible reasons for positive and negative biases. The slopes for SO42− and NH4+ were closer to the 1:1 line during winter and decreased during summer at both sites. The higher concentrations on the filters were due to the formation of particulate (NH4)2SO4. Filter-based NO3− measurements were lower than online NO3− during summer at IITD and winter at IITMD due to the volatile nature of NO3− from the filter substrate. Offline-measured Cl− was consistently higher than AMS-derived Cl− during summer and winter at both sites. Based on their comparability characteristics, elements were grouped into three categories. The online element data were highly correlated (R2>0.8) with the offline measurements for Al, K, Ca, Ti, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ba, and Pb during summer at IITD and winter at both the sites. The higher correlation coefficient demonstrated the precision of the measurements of these elements by both the Xact 625i and ICP-MS. Some of these elements showed higher Xact 625i elemental concentrations than ICP-MS measurements by an average of 10 %–40 % depending on the season and site. The reasons for the differences in the concentration of the elements could be the distance between two inlets for the two methods, line interference between two elements in Xact measurements, the sampling strategy, variable concentrations of elements in blank filters, and the digestion protocol for ICP-MS measurements.

Food intake pattern to achieve nutritional goals for Indian adults by linear programming optimization techniques

This paper discusses about the student diet selection taking some food items to complete the daily needs of nutrition. The objective of the present study was to minimize the cost of per day. To make a mathematical model of diet selection for the students in Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai. This model is helped in the student’s diet problem with minimum possible cost. This model is the application of ILP of the food selection. The ILP model is prepared to pick suitable food items and minimize the cost of the diet taking by the students which makes all students are healthy. The result obtained from the mathematical model disclosed the minimum cost of a balanced diet is Rs 58.05 per day.

Implementation of RFID technology in Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to a wireless system comprised of two components: tags and readers. The reader is a device that has one or more antennas that produce radio waves and receive signals back from the RFID tag. An RFID system for library normally consists of RFID tags, a self check-out station, a self-return system/ book drop system, a staff work station, a tagging/programming station, security gates, a shelf scanner for inventory/digital library assistant, conveyor belts and sorting systems, etc. The use of RFID reduces the amount of time required to perform circulation operations. This technology helps librarians eradicate valuable staff time spent scanning barcodes while checking out and checking in borrowed items . IIT Guwahati Library offers a distinct service that is very useful for users, such as the ability to return books when the Library is closed. This paper discuss about the application and uses of RFID technology in the Central library of IIT Guwahati.

Quality Control Standardization and in-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Marsilea quadrifolia Linn.

Pharmacognosy Research,2022,14,2,140-145.DOI:10.5530/pres.14.2.20Published:April 2022Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Kancharla Bhanukiran, Tarkeshwar Dubey, and Siva Hemalatha Author(s) affiliations:Kancharla Bhanukiran, Tarkeshwar Dubey, Siva Hemalatha* Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. Abstract:Background: The species Marsilea quadrifolia L. belonging to the family Marsileaceae is a semi-aquatic plant widely distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of India. The whole plant of Marsilea quadrifolia L. is extensively used for its eminent medicinal properties. Objectives: Despite promising therapeutic benefits, the plant seems to be less explored, and consequently, the present investigation focuses on exploring pharmacognostical parameters, quality control standardization and antioxidant studies. Materials and Methods: The microscopical (transverse sections of leaves, petiole, stem, and root.) studies, leaf constants (stomatal number, vein islet number, etc.), and powder microscopic examination were performed. All physicochemical evaluations, like swelling index, foaming index, etc. were accomplished as per the World health organization (WHO) guidelines. TLC profiling and HPLC standardization of ethanolic extract was also performed. In vitro, antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract were carried out by various methods. Results: The transverse sections of all parts of the plant, leaf constants, and powder microscopy were reported with clear identification. Physicochemical parameters, i.e., foaming index (<100), Loss on drying (13.99 w/w), moisture content (13.75 w/w), total ash value (13.5 w/w) were done. Ethanolic extract was standardized with reference to quercetin and quantified HPLC data was calculated to be 2.1805±0.02089 mg/g. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract and its IC50 values are reported. Conclusion: We have reported complete pharmacognostical standardization of Marsilea quadrifolia L. as per WHO guidelines. We have reported the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Marsilea quadrifolia L. along with quantitative estimation of quercetin using HPLC. Keywords: Quercetin, HPLC, Pharmacognosy, Phytopharmaceuticals, Sushni, European water clover. View:PDF (495.6 KB)

Kanta Subbarao—confronting influenza and COVID-19

Kanta Subbarao—confronting influenza and COVID-19

Editorial

Every time through our Journal we try to present a collection of research papers and studies that bring to the light a new ambit of Yagya research. With a similar aim, another attempt has been made to bring an assortment of some interesting works in this 4th Volume 2nd Issue of the Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research (IJYR). This issue caters to a wide spectrum of Yagya research which includes application of Yagya in tourism, scientific evaluation of the ancient practice of Balivaishva Yagya, importance and use of herbal fumes. All of these try to integrate science and spirituality at their level.&#x0D; The first research article of this issue deals with the study of Balivaishva Yagya its significance and importance in daily life. The author Harsika Jaiswal, investigated the meaning, philosophy, procedure, and utility of Balivaishva Yagya in the present time. She concluded that the five inspirations and messages are hidden in Balivaishva Yagya which can create a spiritual environment in the family as well as solve all the problems of the individual and the world – opening door to all-rounded progress by uprising divine culture in society.&#x0D; &#x0D; The second research paper explores the applications of Yagya in tourism. The author Prachi Agarwal, Arunesh Parashar investigated the Development of Holistic Religious Tourism through the Ancient Indian Technique of Yagya. In their study, they concluded that the Ashwamedha Yagya can act as an important component of religious tourism and gives a newer dimension to religious tourism by providing holistic development of the participants at religious sites through Ashwamedha for national unity, peace, and harmony.&#x0D; The third research article explores the importance and uses of herbal fumes. The author Lalima Batham has investigated the Indian scriptures and Veda in the context of Yagya and reported that herbal fumes produced in the process of Yagya hold high medicinal properties and can be included in Ayurvedic therapy. The next research article states about the cosmic Yagya which implies that human life is sacrificial life (Yagyamay Jeevan - यज्ञमय जीवन). The author Akanksha Prajapati concluded that Yagya is not just a physical process but a lifestyle to live.&#x0D; Lastly, under the guidance of Honorable Dr. Chinmay Pandya, Pro Vice Chancellor, DSVV has organized a symposium on “Advancement of Research on Yagya” in which renowned scientists from various research institutes like IITs (Indian Institute of Technology), National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)-Nagpur, National Physical Laboratory-CSIR, and many others. They presented their study and view on the same. The discussion has been manuscript and presented in the last paper as Consensus of the symposium. &#x0D; We hope this issue will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, tour planners, and professionals to understand the significance of the indigenous knowledge of Yagya in the present era. We would also like to thank all our readers and request them to send us their valuable feedback to make this journal a more effective vehicle of indigenous knowledge in the future.

Chasing Elite Higher Education: Shadow Education and Middle-Class Strategies of Credentialism Around the Indian Institute of Technology-Joint Entrance Exam

The higher education system in India is creating newer structures of hierarchy and differentiation to become distinct. This is largely due to the rising demand for professional education, the returns of which are perceived to be higher than a general degree. Middle-class families have always operated within distinctive structural frameworks to contest for social cachet through education. In India, one such arena is the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). To determine who is meritorious enough to secure an IIT seat, the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) has become the arbiter where merit is the relative rank of contestants and shadow education a key training site to ace the JEE. This article is based on a sociological analysis of family credentialing strategies around shadow education that prepares aspirants for the IIT-JEE. Drawing on an analysis of the middle class in Delhi, I discuss how these strategies are feeding fodder to the aspirants’ dream of pursuing an IIT degree and exacerbating educational stratification. I also show how the private coaching market in India reinforces this divide by way of a segregation policy which incentivises a few to secure higher ranks in the JEE.

Commentary: Evolution of High Gravity (HiGee) Technology

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommentaryNEXTCommentary: Evolution of High Gravity (HiGee) TechnologyD. P. Rao*D. P. RaoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IndiaProcess Intensification Consultants, Hyderabad 500 049, India*E-mail: [email protected]More by D. P. RaoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2022, 61, 2, 997–1003Publication Date (Web):January 6, 2022Publication History Published online6 January 2022Published inissue 19 January 2022https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04587Copyright © 2022 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Distillation,Foams,Liquids,Power,Separation science Get e-Alerts

The Enlightenment of Indian Institute of Technology: Autonomy, Selection and Practical Education

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) is one of the most famous universities in the world, and its history witnessed the development of Indian higher education. The unique management mode and educational philosophy have played an important role in its success story and given a strong boost to become one of the world-class universities. This paper explores the successful experience of IIT, which can be summarized in the following three aspects. Firstly, a high degree of autonomy and academic freedom ensure a good academic reputation. Secondly, based on rigorous selection and assessment, the IIT students work their way to the top of their profession. Lastly, the emphasis on practical education and the system of industry-university-research integration work together to promote the productivity transformation of academic achievements. These distinctive characteristics of management and talent cultivation system boost the development of IIT and make it outstanding. The success of IIT can be used as a reference and provide enlightenment for the construction of world-class universities in China. It inspires universities in China to make changes in the management system, entrance selection and talent cultivation.

A Comprehensive Review on Wearable Health Monitoring Systems

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the wearable healthcare monitoring systems proposed by the researchers to date. One of the earliest wearable recorders, named “a silicon locket for ECG monitoring”, was developed at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, in 2003. Thus, the wearable health monitoring systems, started with the acquisition of a single signal/ parameter to the present generation smart and affordable multi-parameter recording/monitoring systems, have evolved manifolds in these two decades. Wearable systems have dramatically changed in terms of size, cost, functionality, and accuracy. The early-day wearable recorders were with limited functionalities against today’s systems, e.g., Apple’s iWatch which comprises abundant health monitoring features like heart rate monitoring, breathing app, accelerometers, smart walking/ activity monitoring, and alerts. Most of the present-day smartphones are not only capable of recording various health features like body temperature, heart rate, photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal, calory consumption, smart activity monitoring, stress measurement, etc. through different apps, but they also help the user to get monitored by a family physician via GSM or even internet of things (IoT). One of the latest, state-of-the-art real-time personal health monitoring systems, Wearable IoT-cloud-based health monitoring system (WISE), is a beautiful amalgamation of body area sensor network (BASN) and IoT framework for ubiquitous health monitoring. The future of wearable health monitoring systems will be far beyond the IoT and BASN.

Covid-19 and Environmental Sciences: A Scientometric Assessment of India’s Publications

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>As the Covid-19 pandemic increased exponentially across the globe, it has threatened the human lives and uprooted the economy of various cities and nations, besides having a major impact on the environment. In a matter of a few months, the world has transformed its way of living. The global disruption caused by the Covid-19 has brought about several effects on the environment and climate. Hence, a scientometric study of the India&rsquo;s publications in impact of Covid-19 on environment has been conducted to identify the emerging research trends in this field. <strong>Methods: </strong>The study downloaded India&rsquo;s publications on this topic from the Scopus database using a well-defined research strategy, which was based on using all keywords related to Covid-19 in &ldquo;Keyword&rdquo; and &ldquo;Title&rdquo; search tags of Scopus database. The search was subsequently restricted to &ldquo;Environmental Sciences&rdquo; subject, and limited to &ldquo;India&rdquo; yielding 805 records. <strong>Results: </strong>The 805 Indian publications were published on &lsquo;Covid-19 and Environmental Sciences&rdquo; as searched in Scopus database and these have received 8275 citations, averaging 10.28 citations per paper. The 30.19% and 36.64% share of India&rsquo;s publications received external funding support and involve international collaboration. Among India&rsquo;s foreign collaborating partner countries, USA contributed the largest share (27.80%), followed by U.K. (21.02%), China and Saudi Arabia (14.24% each) and Australia (13.9%). Among 380 participating organizations, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi contributed the largest number of papers (31, 26 and 26 papers) and Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi (47.5 and 4.68), Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (28.29 and 2.79) and Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar (19.75 and 1.95) registered the largest citation impact. Among 945 participating authors, M. Kumar, S. Gautam and R. Kumar contributed the largest number of papers (25, 13 and 10 papers) and A. Narayanasamy (61.17 and 6.03), S. Gautam. (30.46 and 3.0) and M. Joshi (27.29 and 2.69) registered the largest citation impact.<em> Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,</em> <em>Science of the Total Environment </em>and Environmental Science and <em>Pollution Research contributed</em> the largest number of papers (76, 60 and 45 papers) and <em>Environmental Pollution </em>(12.0), <em>Aerosol and Air Quality Research </em>(11.12), <em>Modeling Earth Systems and Environment </em>(10.50) registered the largest citation impact of paper. The most significant keywords associated with &ldquo;Covid-19 and Environmental Science&rdquo; along with their frequency are: Air Quality (124), Air Pollution (96), Particulate Matter (91), Atmospheric Pollution (65), Environmental Monitoring (52), etc. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study are focused on evaluation of the India&rsquo;s contribution, focusing on both national and international issues using quantitative and qualitative methods. Such a study has allowed us to visualize the research trends that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic and will facilitate the researchers to identify significant hotspots and latest trends in the field. <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words:</strong> Covid-19, Environmental Sciences, India&rsquo;s publications, Scientometrics, BIbliometric.

Immuno-oncology CMC aspects

<div class="authors authors-lg"><div class="author"><div class="author-img"><img src="https://cdn.insights.bio/uploads/Anurag Khetan copy.jpg" data-image="1"></div><div class="author-det"> <b>Anurag Khetan</b> heads the Global Upstream and Cell Line Development area of Biologics Development in Bristol-Myers Squibb based in New Jersey in USA. His end-to-end team interfaces with Discovery and Manufacturing and carries out process development of biologics and viral gene therapy programs ranging from molecular biology and analytics, cell line development, and upstream process development. Anurag has a BTech in Chemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and a PhD from the Department of Chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota. Anurag has had sustained contributions over nearly two decades in the biotechnology industry at Merck, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim and BMS in areas ranging from early and late process development, post-approval development, manufacturing support, and GMP manufacturing. </div></div></div>

Prediction of Maximum Scour Depth near Spur Dikes in Uniform Bed Sediment Using Stacked Generalization Ensemble Tree-Based Frameworks

The scouring process near spur dikes could jeopardize the stability of riverbanks. Thus, accurate estimation of the maximum scour depth near spur dikes is crucial in river engineering. However, due to the complexity of the scour phenomenon around these structures, it has been a challenge to accurately estimate the maximum scour depth. Few efforts have been made to develop a machine learning (ML) approach for such a purpose. In this study, two novel multilayer stacked generalization frameworks are developed to model the scour depth near a spur dike in a uniform sediment condition. Stacked tree-based frameworks consist of three standalone ML approaches, including multivariate adaptive regression spline, multigene genetic programming, and kernel extreme learning machine as the first layer and the boosting regression tree (BRT) and bagging regression tree (BGT) as meta learners. A total of 186 data points were collected from previous experimental studies, and 32 flume experiments were further conducted under clear water conditions at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee Laboratory in this study. The performances of the models were assessed using various statistical metrics [e.g., correlation coefficient (R), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)], graphical criteria, and some existing empirical equations. The modeling results demonstrated that the stacked BRT and BGT frameworks were superior to all the standalone ML approaches (R=0.9786, RMSE=0.1654, and MAPE=11.68 for BRT; and R=0.9742, RMSE=0.1831, and MAPE =11.29 for BGT). This finding was also confirmed by a comparison between the empirical correlations and the artificial intelligence models. In addition, the sensitivity analysis proved that the mean sediment size ratio (L/d50) was the most influential variable in estimating the scour depth near spur dikes.

Stability Analysis of Soldier-Piled Walls with Tied-Background Anchored

Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science Stability Analysis of Soldier-Piled Walls with Tied-Background Anchored Rajesh Rai1*, Ashok Jasiwal1, B K Shrivastva1, Deepak Dagdi2 and Ajit Jha2 1Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindi Univeristy, India 2Indigo Infraprojects Pvt Ltd., India *Corresponding author: Rajesh Rai, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindi Univeristy), Varanasi, UP, India Submission: January 16, 2021;Published: October 07, 2021 DOI: 10.31031/AMMS.2021.07.000666 ISSN 2578-0255Volume7 Issue4

Diagnosing Engineering Students’ Competence of English Language Skills at Entry Level Academic Programme

In the Indian context, an academic study program at the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) comprises a mixed group of learners coming from various social-economic, education, and a wide range of linguistic backgrounds. These learners secure admission into various engineering programs at IITs, having qualified for the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE), a national-level competitive exam. To qualify for this exam, students prepare rigorously, even at the school level. The JEE exam tests students’ knowledge in the core subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Aptitude and Reasoning; hence, students seem to focus more on these core subjects but not on the English language. These learners vary widely in their English language proficiency level in terms of oral and written English proficiency. It is believed that the level of language proficiency of learners has a direct influence on their academic performance in the program in which they are admitted. Therefore, the study aims at diagnosing 405 engineering students’ competence of English language skills at the entry-level undergraduate engineering study programs of Bachelor of Technology at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar. A diagnostic test that comprised the components of English language skills was designed and administered to 405 students. The results were analyzed and interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that the majority of the students who performed well in the test had better education backgrounds. For the students who performed poorly, the study recommends possible implications besides some remedial measures.