Indian Institute Of Technology Research Articles

Optimizing nutrients through drip fertigation and plastic mulch on the growth and yield in banana (Musa acuminata L.)

Among various crops, fruits play an important role to offer dietary requirements. Banana is one of the vital fruits in India and ranks second in terms of area under cultivation. As banana needs enough of nutrients and water to ensure high productivity, proper agronomic management on the aspects are essential. Recently, the adoption of drip irrigation, plastic mulch and fertigation of water-soluble nutrients through drip irrigation have become popular in banana farming. Fruits play an important role in the dietary requirements. Among various fruits, banana is vital crop in India that ranks second in terms of area under cultivation. Banana needs sufficient nutrients and water to ensure high productivity as evidenced in the earlier research; hence, proper nutrient and management are essential. To investigate the effects of different levels of primary nutrients through drip fertigation and plastic mulch on the response of the Grand Naine cultivar of banana, a field experiment was conducted in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India during Oct. 2019 to Apr. 2021. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four fertigation levels, namely, 1.2 recommended dose of fertilizer (1.2 RDF), 1.0 RDF, 0.8 RDF and 0.6 RDF as the first factor and the second factor was with and without mulch (M1 and M0). Application of higher rate of nutrients (1.2 RDF) ensured better growth parameters and yield attributes. The highest banana yield was obtained under 120% RDF (i.e., 1.2 RDF) fertigation for both the main and ratoon crops, with a yield of 58.9 and 46.6 t/ha, respectively, however, it remained on par with 1.0 RDF and 0.8 RDF. Further, plastic mulch showed its significant superiority over non-mulched crop in terms of major growth parameters and yield of banana main crop; however, mulching did not significantly influence ratoon crop productivity. The study suggested 0.8 RDF and plastic mulching can be adopted in banana to obtain a higher yield and efficient nutrient utilization of applied nutrients in subtropical conditions of West Bengal.

Quantifying the influence of Indian optics research: An index based on three citation indicators

Objective: This study aimed to identify and analyse the characteristics of highly cited papers (HCPs) in optics publications from India indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database over the past 30 years. The analysis focused on document types, annual production and citations per publication, journals, countries, institutes, authors, and the top cited papers. The study also evaluated the publication performance of institutions and compared citation indicators of the most frequently cited articles. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a bibliometric analysis approach and identified HCPs as documents cited 100 or more times by the Web of Science Core Collection from 1992 to 2021. Data were visualised using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R packages. Citation indicators, including total citations and citations in 2021, were used to compare the most frequently cited articles. Results/Discussion: The results showed that most highly cited papers were published in journals with high impact factors. The USA was the dominant country in collaboration with India in optics publications. The papers by Agostinelli et al. (2003) were the most frequently cited, and the paper by Aghanim et al. (2020) was the most impactful in 2021. The study also found that the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, was the leading institution in the number of highly cited papers produced. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the characteristics and trends of highly cited papers in optics publications from India. The results highlight the importance of collaboration with the USA and the significance of publishing in high-impact factor journals. The study also indicates the need for institutions to focus on producing quality research to increase their publication performance and impact. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature on bibliometric analysis by comprehensively analysing highly cited papers in optics publications from India. The study also provides insights into the collaboration patterns and publication performance of institutions in India. The findings can be used to inform policies and strategies aimed at improving research productivity and impact in India.

PM innovation delivers automotive progress

Prof P Ramakrishnan, from the Indian Institute of Technology, reviews PM materials and processes and sets out how they benefit automotive makers.

Preface

International Conference on Geospatial Science for Digital Earth Observation (GSDEO 2021) The international conference on “Geospatial Science for Digital Earth Observation” (GSDEO) 2021 was successfully held on a virtual platform of Zoom on March 26th and 27th, 2021. The conference was jointly organized by the Indian Society of Remote Sensing (ISRS), Kolkata chapter, and the Department of Geography, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Adamas University. Due to the non-predictable behaviour of the COVID-19 second wave, which imposed restrictions on organizing offline events, the GSDEO (2021) organizing committee decided to organize the conference online, instead of postponing the event.Remotely sensed data and geographic information systems have been increasingly used together for a vast range of applications, which include land use/land cover mapping, water resource management, weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, agriculture, disaster management, etc. Currently, intensive research is being carried out using remotely sensed data on the geoinformatics platform. New developments have led to dynamic advances in recent years. The objective of the international conference on Geospatial Science for Digital Earth Observation (GSDEO 2021) was to bring the scientists, academicians, and researchers, in the field of geo-environmental sciences on a common platform to exchange ideas and their recent findings related to the latest advances and applications of geospatial science. The call for papers received an enthusiastic response from the academic community, and over 100+ participants from 50+ colleges, universities, and institutions participated in the conference. In total 50+ research papers had been presented through the virtual Zoom conference platform in GSDEO 2021.The conference witnessed the presentation of research papers from diverse applied fields of geospatial sciences, which include the application of geoinformatics in geomorphology, hydrology, urban science, land use planning, climate, and environmental studies. There were four sessions namely, TS 1: Geomorphology and Hydrology, TS 2: Urban Science, TS 3: Social Sustainability and Land Use Planning, and TS 4: Climate and Environment. Each session was further subdivided, into two parts, namely Technical Session 1-A and 1-B. Each sub-session had been designed with one keynote speech and 5 oral presentations. Oral sessions were organized in two parts and offered through live and pre-recorded components based on the preference of the presenters. The presentation session was followed by a live Q&A session. The session chairs moderated the discussions. Similarly, poster sessions were organized in three parts and offered e-poster, live, and pre-recorded components. The best presenter of each sub-session received the best paper award.Dr. Prithvish Nag, Ex-Director of NATMO & Ex Surveyor General of India delivered the inaugural speech, and Dr. P. Chakrabarti, Former Chief Scientist of the DST&B, Govt. of West Bengal delivered a special lecture after the inaugural session. Eight eminent keynote speakers, Prof. S.P. Agarwal from the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Prof. Ashis Kumar Paul from Vidyasagar University, Prof. Soumya Kanti Ghosh from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Prof. L. N. Satpati from the University of Calcutta, Prof. R.B. Singh from the University of Delhi, Dr. A.K. Raha, IFS (Retd), Prof. Gerald Mills from the University College Dublin and Prof. Sugata Hazra from Jadavpur University enriched the knowledge of participants in the field of geoinformatics by their informative lectures. The presentations and discussions widely covered the various spectrums of geoinformatics and its application in monitoring natural resources like vegetation mapping, agricultural resource monitoring, forest health assessment, water, and ocean resource management, disaster management, land resource management, water and climate studies, drought vulnerability assessment, groundwater quality monitoring, accretion mapping and the use of geospatial science in studying morphological, hydrological, and other biophysical characteristics of a region etc. Application of geoinformatics in predicting urban expansion, urban climate, disaster management, healthcare accessibility, anthropogenic resource monitoring, spatial-interaction mapping, and, sustainable regional planning were well-discussed topics of the conference.List of Committees, photos are available in the pdf.

Production of Hythane by Stepped Pyrolysis of Biomass

Progress in Petrochemical Science Production of Hythane by Stepped Pyrolysis of Biomass Amrit Anand, Dipika Das and Shalini Gautam* Department of Fuel Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India *Corresponding author: Shalini Gautam, Department of Fuel Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand-826004, India Submission: February10, 2023;Published: March 21, 2023 DOI: 10.31031/PPS.2023.05.000606 ISSN 2637-8035Volume5 Issue2

Development of a laboratory setup simulating cabbage harvesting mechanism and optimization of torque requirement for harvesting cabbage

Aim of study: To develop a new type of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) harvesting mechanism in the laboratory that can be used in small-scale cabbage harvester in Indian conditions with minimum power requirement. Area of study: Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Material and methods: The mechanism consisted of a cutting unit, a pushing unit and a conveying unit. Two counter-rotating disc cutters were used as cutting devices. Cutting speed, forward speed and cutting position were considered as influential parameters for torque required to carry out the harvesting of cabbage. A full factorial design was followed for the experiment and response surface methodology was used to optimize these parameters for minimizing torque requirement for cutting and pushing the cabbage. Main results Torque decreased when cutting speed increased and when cutting height from the cabbage head decreased. Statistical analysis showed that cutting speed and cutting position affected the total torque significantly. The optimized cutting speed, forward speed and cutting position were found as 590 rpm, 0.25 m s-1 and 0 cm, respectively with a desirability of 0.995. A regression model was developed to predict the total torque for cutting the cabbage stem and it was validated against 10 datasets with a percentage of bias within 10%. Research highlights: The mechanism developed for cabbage harvesting could successfully cut and lift the cabbage heads in the laboratory. These optimized parameters are to be followed in the field prototype cabbage harvester for its successful operation in the field.

Systems and Control Engineering at IIT Bombay [Institutes in Control

The city of Mumbai charms every visitor. In particular, its warmth and ethos have remained unchanged over the years. The crowds in the suburban trains and the average person on the street continue to exude this warmth, cutting across social boundaries. Tucked away in the northeast corner of this sprawling metropolis is a still sylvan paradise, where birds chirp, cows moo, monkeys chatter, and the leopard pays periodic visits. And this sylvan paradise hosts an institute of global repute: the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. In this institute is a group, unique in many ways, with faculty members from across the spectrum of science and engineeringÑelectrical, chemical, mechanical, and aerospace engineering as well as applied mathematicsÑwho have established a much-envied academic entity to be reckoned with: Systems and Control. In this issue of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Control Systems</i> , we speak with Debasish Chatterjee (Convener, Systems and Control, IIT Bombay) and a few others in their group.

National Digital Library of India: Study of E-Resources Related Engineering Discipline

National Digital Library of India is sponsored by Ministry of Education, Government of India and developed by Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. To free accessible to the learners" community educational resources through a single-window, National Mission on Education through Information Communication Technology (NMEICT) has sponsored the NDLI project and set funding through Ministry of Education. This paper focused on available e-resources related Engineering subjects in National Digital Library of India.

Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors in Biosensing and Neural Interfacing Applications: Recent Advances and Prospects.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTGraphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors in Biosensing and Neural Interfacing Applications: Recent Advances and ProspectsSiva Kumar Krishnan*Siva Kumar KrishnanCONACYT-Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico*[email protected]More by Siva Kumar KrishnanView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-9335, Nandini NatarajNandini NatarajDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei106, TaiwanMore by Nandini NatarajView Biography, M. MeyyappanM. MeyyappanCentre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati781039, Assam, IndiaMore by M. MeyyappanView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-412X, and Umapada Pal*Umapada PalInstituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico*[email protected]More by Umapada PalView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-106XCite this: Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 5, 2590–2622Publication Date (Web):January 24, 2023Publication History Received4 August 2022Published online24 January 2023Published inissue 7 February 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03399Copyright © 2023 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views901Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

EDITORIAL: SPECIAL ISSUE ON APPLICATIONS OF WAVELETS AND FRACTALS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES

FractalsOnline Ready Open AccessEDITORIAL: SPECIAL ISSUE ON APPLICATIONS OF WAVELETS AND FRACTALS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCESKottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Firdous A. Shah, S. K. Upadhyay, and Palle E. T. JorgensenKottakkaran Sooppy NisarDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia, Firdous A. ShahDepartment of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, South Campus, Anantnag 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India, S. K. UpadhyayDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, IndiaE-mail Address: [email protected], and Palle E. T. JorgensenDepartment of Mathematics, University of Iowa, USAhttps://doi.org/10.1142/S0218348X23020012Cited by:0 Next AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Remember to check out the Most Cited Articles! Check out New & Notable Titles in Nonlinear ScienceIncludes authors Leon O Chua, Bruce J West and more " FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Recommended Online Ready Metrics History Published: April 15, 2023 Information© The Author(s)This is an Open Access article in the “Special Issue on Applications of Wavelets and Fractals in Engineering Sciences”, edited by K. S. Nisar (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia), F. A. Shah (University of Kashmir, India), S. K. Upadhyay (Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, India), P. E. T. Jorgensen (University of Iowa, USA) published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.PDF download

The Human Eye Pupil Detection System Using BAT Optimized Deep Learning Architecture

The pupil recognition method is helpful in many real-time systems, including ophthalmology testing devices, wheelchair assistance, and so on. The pupil detection system is a very difficult process in a wide range of datasets due to problems caused by varying pupil size, occlusion of eyelids, and eyelashes. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) are being used in pupil recognition systems and have shown promising results in terms of accuracy. To improve accuracy and cope with larger datasets, this research work proposes BOC (BAT Optimized CNN)-IrisNet, which consists of optimizing input weights and hidden layers of DCNN using the evolutionary BAT algorithm to efficiently find the human eye pupil region. The proposed method is based on very deep architecture and many tricks from recently developed popular CNNs. Experiment results show that the BOC-IrisNet proposal can efficiently model iris microstructures and provides a stable discriminating iris representation that is lightweight, easy to implement, and of cutting-edge accuracy. Finally, the region-based black box method for determining pupil center coordinates was introduced. The proposed architecture was tested using various IRIS databases, including the CASIA (Chinese academy of the scientific research institute of automation) Iris V4 dataset, which has 99.5% sensitivity and 99.75% accuracy, and the IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) Delhi dataset, which has 99.35% specificity and MMU (Multimedia University) 99.45% accuracy, which is higher than the existing architectures.

Towards a successful River Dolphin conservation plan in India: A scientometric mapping of past research and current needs

Abstract The Ganges Dolphin needs uninterrupted water sources in order to both communicate and to locate its food. Ever-increasing activities in the rivers, especially from motorized vessels, are likely to add noise to the soundscape used by this animal and may affect its ability to locate its prey or to sense its environment. Although efforts have been made to improve the quality and flow of the water passing through the Ganga River system, a coordinated effort among policymakers, local implementing authorities, researchers, and funding agencies is needed to achieve the desired goal of restoring the habitat of dolphins, stopping their accidental deaths, increasing their number by captive breeding, and reinstating the biodiversity of aquatic organisms that are passively or actively linked to them. While passive restoration plans such as improving water quality, increasing water volume, and habitat reclamation may work well, the developmental needs along the river exert constant pressure on these plans. These plans may not be effective without the strict enforcement of guidelines, an understanding of the requirements of the plans by all the stakeholders, and the awareness of the population living along the rivers. Therefore, conservation efforts, along with ongoing passive restoration processes aimed at improving the dolphin's living ecosystem by providing enough quality water cover and prey, should focus on increasing the population of these animals by propagating them in captivity through biological or biotechnological means, the success of which needs strong scientific research backing. A scientometric analysis of 20 years (2001–2020) on this animal shows that scientific studies are confined to the ecology of the animals and very little is known either of their biology or their genetics. During the study period, India occupied fourth spot in number of publications on river dolphins, with the Indian Institute of Technology as leading institute. Advance biology techniques may allow us to breed the animal in captivity and even clone the animal. However, the research towards this requires creating the necessary basic infrastructure, funding, and policy support, and developing human resources for research and management.

100 years of the Devine Teacher - Student relationship among the three Generations of Indian Geoscientists (1920s – 2020s): A remarkable Story of Knowledge transfer from T. N. Muthuswami Iyer “TNM” through A. Parthasarathy to G. Shanmugam and beyond

The divine teacher-student relationship that covers 100 years of knowledge transfer is the underpinning of this remarkable personal story. Importantly, this narrative is about an Indian genius and a geologic pioneer, Professor T. N. Muthuswami Iyer, known as TNM. The first generation (1920s-1960s) TNM began his teaching career as a crystallographer and a mineralogist at the University of Madras-Gundy Campus (Chennai) in 1924, and continued at the Presidency College (Madras), Sager University (Madhya Pradesh), and Annamalai University (Tamil Nadu). One of his early students at Presidency was A. Parthasarathy, who later studied at the Imperial College in London (UK) and earned his Ph.D. in Engineering Geology from the London University (UL) in 1954. The second generation (1940s-1980s) Prof. Parthasarathy became the Head of Applied Geology section in the Civil Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay in 1964. The third generation (1960s-2020s) G. Shanmugam earned his B.Sc. in Geology and Chemistry from Annamalai University with a First Class (1965) and started teaching science in a local high school in his hometown of Sirkazhi, Tamil Nadu. TNM, who was the Head of Geology at Annamalai University in 1965, motivated G. Shanmugam to quit his teaching job and pursue M.Sc. in Applied Geology at IIT Bombay. Shanmugam earned his M.Sc. in Applied Geology at IIT Bombay under the guidance of Prof. Parthasarathy. Education and training at IIT Bombay propelled Shanmugam to receive his second M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the USA. His Ph.D. research under the guidance of Prof. Kenneth R. Walker at University of Tennessee on Ordovician tectonics and sedimentation in the Southern Appalachians led to securing a research position with Mobil Oil Company in Dallas, Texas in 1978. Because of his global research on multiple domains while at Mobil and as post-retirement consultant since 2000 for oil companies in India and China, Shanmugam has to his credit 382 published works that include three Elsevier books on process sedimentology and petroleum geology, with the first two books were translated into Chinese language. He has authored 6 invited Encyclopedia Chapters for Elsevier and McGraw Hill Book Companies and has delivered 89 lectures worldwide during 1980-2021 period. He won the top "Special Prize" from Springer Journal of Palaeogeography in 2020 for "Excellent Papers" based on Science Citation Index (SCI) of five articles published during 2012-2018. Shanmugam's efforts in knowledge transfer during the COVID-19 global pandemic included giving virtual lectures on Zoom, Google Meet, and WebEx platforms to academia (e.g., Royal Holloway, University of London, IIT Bombay, and Ohio University). Shanmugam organized 23 onsite workshops on "Deep-water sandstone petroleum reservoirs" worldwide, which included (1) the UK Government Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Edinburgh, UK, (2) Reliance Industries Ltd., Kakinada, India, (3) Hardy Oil, Chennai, India, (4) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Mumbai and Kajuraho, India, (5) Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (6) Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED) of PetroChina, Beijing, China, and (7) China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China. The T. N. Muthuswami - A. Parthasarathy - G. Shanmugam lineage, spanning over 100 years, is unique and phenomenal in knowledge transfer among geoscientists. On the economic front, TNM and his lineages contributed directly to the petroleum, atomic mineral, cement, gemstone, and geothermal energy industries, among many others. The acronym "TNM" for T. N. Muthuswami Iyer is just perfect for a Transformational, Neoteric and a Motivating teacher and a noble soul!

Trendline of Open Access Publication by Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) Researchers in India

In developing countries like India, taxpayers’ money is utilized for research and development. The researchers conduct their research using public money and publish their research papers in commercial journals. Firstly, the researcher uses Government funds for research. Secondly, government funds are also spent on subscribing to high-cost journals. Also, many Indian academic institutions can not subscribe to reputed commercial journals due to a lack of funds. In other words, research output generated using public money is not accessible to all. OA journals can solve this problem smoothly. In this study, researchers analyze the trends in Open Access publications and Closed access publications by India's top research institutes, IITs. Researchers found that IIT Hyderabad (26%) published the highest number of open-access publications. Old established IITs' open-access publication figures are lower than newly set-up IITs. However, there is an increase in Open Access publications by IITs over the last decade.

Avifaunal diversity in Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Campus, Assam, India

Indian Institute of Technology - Guwahati (IITG), Assam, is an ecologically rich campus hosting different species of birds, butterflies and mammals. It accommodates several migratory and resident species of birds across different seasons. However, information is scanty on avian diversity with respect to the different habitats of the campus. Therefore, the present study attempts to gain insight into avian diversity with respect to habitat heterogeneity by considering the species presence-absence dataset collected for three years (2017–2020). A multivariate Beta (β) diversity analysis is carried out for the IITG campus constituted of five primary habitats, viz., secondary growth, eco–forest, water bodies, swampy-marshy area, and constructions. Of 152 bird species observed in the IITG campus, the highest number is reported from secondary growth, followed by eco-forest. The multivariate analysis shows that the average β–diversity for the IITG campus is approximately equal to 79%, which is in accordance with another published study. These observations are examined in light of hypotheses and phenomena documented in the literature, such as habitat heterogeneity hypothesis, niche-based hypothesis and anthropogenic impact on habitats. The study also establishes that the IITG is among the educational institutes and campuses that host many migratory bird species. Lastly, based on the outcomes of β–diversity analysis, it is suggested that the conservation effort for avian species in the campus should be directed towards individual habitats uniformly.

A study on activation of polyethylene glycol and its characterization by infrared spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is the most popular polymeric material used for alteration and control of biodistribution. PEG may increase the lifetime of “drug carrier” assembly which helps in administering lower concentration of the “drug carrier” composite. It has been used widely for the modification of carriers used in therapeutics because PEG offers a shielding characters that avoids rapid renal clearance from the body. This study was carried out at Dolphin Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, India during May-July 2005. Activation of PEG of different molecular weight (400 Da, 4000 Da, 8000 Da and 20,000 Da) was done using dry benzene, Triethylamine, Ethylene dichloride and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate. Reaction mixture was monitored on TLC using EDC: Methanol (7:3). Then reaction mixture was portioned between EDC &amp; water. The lower fraction in separating funnel of EDC was collected &amp; concentrated on rota evaporator to get activated PEG. From the above reaction and structure it was clear that 4-Nitrophenyl Chloroformate contains two highly electronegative groups i.e. NO2 and Cl. These two groups interact with each other resulting in neutralization of polarity. It then acts as non-polar molecule and shows high affinity for mobile phase (methanol &amp; EDC). Therefore, 4-Nitrophenylchloroformate has the highest mobility and PEG has lowest mobility. From IR Spectroscopy it was found that the peak of Hydroxyl group- (OH) of PEG was at 3400- 3450cm-1. The peak of C-Cl bond was found at 746 cm-1. But after the reaction between PEG and 4-Nitrophenyl Chloroformate the- OH peak was found not so deep as in PEG. The peak was somewhat short and broad.

India’s Kolkata Section and Guwahati Subsection Inaugurate the IEEE PELS Joint Section Chapter

The IEEE Power Electronics Society (PELS) Joint Section Chapter of the Kolkata section and the Guwahati subsection was inaugurated on 21 September 2022 at the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, India. The programme was held in hybrid mode. Prof. Sanjib Kumar Panda, an associate professor and area director of power and energy research at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, also the coordinator, IEEE PELS Asia Pacific Region (R10) inaugurated the new Chapter. Chair of the IEEE Guwahati subsection, Prof. Sukumar Nandi, a professor of computer science engineering at IIT Guwahati was also present to grace the occasion. The inauguration ceremony was attended by approximately total 60 persons including faculty and student members (the photo was taken after the inauguration as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 1</xref> ). Prof. Panda explained in details about the organization of IEEE and the Power Electronics Society, and its various activities and programmes. He specifically explained benefits of joining IEEE and PELS membership to student members.

Novel draught resistance sensing elements for measurement of drawbar power of agricultural machinery

Aim of study: To develop an instrumentation system comprising three force sensing elements to measure the draught resistance of any tillage and seeding tools during field operation by connecting one sensing element to each three-point linkage of the tractor.&#x0D; Area of study: Department of AgFE, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India&#x0D; Material and methods: Commercial S-type transducers were packed laterally in between the curved plates perpendicular to the direction of travel in such a way that the magnitude of the imposed force decreased and its nature got reversed consequently during tillage force measurement. Finite element analysis was also performed on the proposed model of the sensing elements. The performance was evaluated on the basis of non-linearity, hysteresis, and non-repeatability. The data were validated with the draught values simultaneously recorded using instrumented three-point linkages of tractor.&#x0D; Main results: It offered good sensitivity and linearity during static calibration. The measurement capacity based on maximum applied load during static calibration was 10 kN with accuracy 93.40%. The low values of mean percentage error (9.03%), maximum absolute variation (17.43%), and root mean square error (0.51 kN) revealed good accuracy of the system. Validation was conducted by comparing the data for an offset type disk harrow with the model outputs of previous studies to assess its suitability for other soil working conditions, and the results were satisfactory.&#x0D; Research highlights: The advantages of this sensing device in the measurement of drawbar power are fewer changes in the hitching geometry, lower cost, and capability of quick hitching.

Exploring the last 50 years of Indian research on the impact of coal mining using bibliometric analysis with an overview of water-related impacts.

This paper throws light on the bibliometric review of the impact of coal mining in India over the past 50years, emphasizing environmental, especially water-related impacts. The data were refined from the Web of Science database and analyzed in a bibliometric map visualization software tool, VOSviewer, to grasp the research focus, status quo and analyze the trend and direction of the work being carried out in this area. The methodology was covered in three phases: search and document selection, software and data extraction, and analysis of results and trends. The study results indicated that (i) the publication has increased in the past two decades (2001-2021) with a steep increase in the period from 2010 to 2021 with 74.68% article types documents and a mere 7.74% review documents. (ii) In India, the significant contribution is made by the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad with Department of Science and Technology as a primary funding agency. (iii) The bibliometric map of co-occurrence of author keywords showed that keywords relating to the "pollution" (connected to air, water) from "Jharia coalfield" have highest occurrences in the relevant published works of literature and topics like "reclamation," "mine spoil," and application of approaches like "remote sensing and GIS" have lower linkage strengths in general. (iv) The result of the co-citation network study has marked the most significant authors and the highly cited sources of the database revealing Ghose M.K. and Singh A.K. as among the most cited authors with citations more than 150 in the field of our interest. (v) The trend of publication in the research area of Water Resources showed a significant increase after 2015. The keyword occurrence map reveals that water quality studies have been extensively studied, but quantifications of the coal mining-induced changes in water regimes at river basin scales are absent.

Preface

The conference on Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Green Technologies (ICSEEGT 2022) is the second international conference organized at Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. This event was organized in a hybrid mode. This conference aims to bring researchers from academia, government agencies, research laboratories, and the corporate sector to present their research on sustainable and renewable energy, the environment, transportation engineering and green technologies. Since green growth is pursuing economic development in an environmentally sustainable manner, therefore green growth must play a vital role in the development goal of improving living standards, accessing modern energy services, and using energy more efficiently. For this aim, the conference ICSEEGT 2022 provided an excellent platform to promote research in the subject area and exchange new ideas in these fields among academicians, engineers, scientists, and practitioners across the world.The conference began with its inaugural session (in hybrid mode), seeking the blessings of Goddess Saraswati. The session witnessed addresses of dignified persons, Professor S.A Sherif, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, USA, Professor L.M. Das, Former Professor, Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India and Dr. L. N. Thakural, Senior Scientist, Surface Water Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India.The inaugural session was followed by a keynote session of Professor P. Muthukumar, Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India, on the Energy Efficient and Environment Friendly Porous Radiant Burners for Cooking and Industrial Applications. Later, four parallel technical sessions were organized on the first day, where authors and participants participated and presented their papers. Overall, 186 research papers were received for ICSEEGT 2022 from different organizations worldwide, out of which our expert team of reviewers accepted 102 papers. The research papers in this conference were invited considering these three tracks: sustainable/renewable energy, environment and transportation, green technologies, and urban development. The presenters and attendees participated with full enthusiasm in all the technical sessions. Out of 83 registered papers, 43 papers were presented in the technical sessions on the first day. The first Technical Session in offline mode was chaired by Dr. Narayan Lal Jain and Dr. Pran Nath Dadhich, and moderated by Mr. Rahul Sharma of Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India. The second Technical Session was chaired by Dr Salifu Tahiru Azeko, Tamale Technical University, Tamale, Ghana: Mr. Sanjay Kumawat, Poornima College of Engineering, was the moderator for this session. Dr. Tanuj Chopra from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India chaired the third Technical Session. The second and third session moderator were Mr. Divya Vishnoi and Mr. Sanjay Kumawat, Poornima College of Engineering respectively. Dr. Puneet Kumar Jain, National Institute of Technology, Raurkela, and Dr. Ram Niwash Mahia, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India chaired the fourth Technical Session and moderated Dr. Monika Vardia from Poornima College of Engineering.The day ended with a keynote session on Recent Advances Materials on Energy Storage Technology and Sustainability by Dr. M V Reddy, Senior Professional Researcher, Nouveau Monde Graphite (New graphite world) (NMG), Quebec, Montreal, Canada.List of ORGANIZING COMMITTEES are available in this Pdf.