Indices Of Lipid Metabolism Research Articles

Metabolically healthy obesity: it is time to consider its dynamic changes

Obesity reduces life expectancy, lowers quality of life, and causes numerous cardiometabolic diseases and some cancers. However, the individual risk of developing obesity-associated comorbidities is highly variable and cannot be explained only by body mass index. Observations that some obese people have a low risk for cardiometabolic disorders gave rise to the notion of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Despite the lack of a precise definition, MHO is typically identified by normal glucose and lipid metabolism indices, as well as the absence of hypertension. In individuals with MHO, the absence of metabolic abnormalities may minimize the risk of mortality, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and cancer, compared to metabolically unhealthy individuals with obesity. However, MHO appears to be a temporary phenotype that may not confer permanent benefits to individuals with obesity, further justifying therapeutic efforts to maintain metabolic fitness. In this review, we describe the traits of the MHO phenotype, its changeable nature, and the factors associated with phenotype change. In addition, we discuss the clinical outcomes of the MHO phenotype, particularly focusing on the transition of metabolic health over time and its effect on cardiometabolic disorders. Finally, the clinical importance of maintaining metabolic health is emphasized.

Research of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Female Combatants

The objective: to find out the peculiarities of stress-induced changes in lipid metabolism indicators in women who have experienced concussion during combat operations. Study the state and morphostructure of adipose tissue. To analyze the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and changes in reproductive health of female combatants. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology of the Ukrainian State Institute of Reproductology of the Shupyk National Healthcare University. 118 women participated in the study. Group I consisted of examination data of women who suffered concussion during combat operations with PTSD, group II – control, it consisted of healthy women. Average age of women who participated in hostilities and suffered contusion 27.08±4.23 years. Results. The influence of stress factors associated with military service in women servicemen on the development of lipid metabolism disorders is obvious. In the main group (118 women), blood cholesterol levels were significantly higher than in the control group. In parallel, a very low level of anti-atherogenic lipoprotein fractions was detected. Lipid metabolism in women who experienced concussion during combat with PTS was characterized by a high frequency of hyperlipidemia of types IIa and IIb, higher serum concentrations of atherogenic lipids fractions (CL, CL-LDL) and low anti-atherogenic fractions (CL-HDL), which were observed in all age subgroups and progressed with age. Conclusions. As a result of lipid metabolic disorders, the prerequisites for the development of hyperproliferative diseases of the female reproductive system, early and severe atherosclerosis are created.

Modification of the diabetes prevention program for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot study.

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is the gold standard lifestyle modification program that reduces incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with prediabetes and patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often share metabolic features; we hypothesized that the DPP could be adapted and used to improve outcomes in patients with NAFLD. NAFLD patients were recruited into a 1year modified DPP. Demographics, medical comorbidities, and clinical laboratory values were collected at baseline, 6 and 12months. The primary endpoint was change in weight at 12months. Secondary endpoints were changes in hepatic steatosis, metabolic comorbidities, and liver enzymes (per-protocol basis) and retention at 6 and 12months. Fourteen NAFLD patients enrolled; three dropped out before 6months. From baseline to 12months, hepatic steatosis (p=0.03), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.02), aspartate aminotransferase (p= 0.02), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.01) and NAFLD fibrosis score (p<0.001) improved, but low-density lipoprotein worsened (p=0.04). Seventy-nine percent of patients completed the modified DPP. Patients lost weight and had improvements in five out of six indicators of liver injury and lipid metabolism. NCT04988204.

Clinical Course and Lipid Metabolism Indicators in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure of Ischemic Genesis and Coexisting Hypothyroidism

Cardiac diseases, especially chronic heart failure which, according to the World Health Organization, affects 1.5-2% of the global population, are the number one cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, including Ukraine. Chronic heart failure is often accompanied by endocrine disorders, especially hypothyroidism, the diagnosis of which has increased over the past 10 years, and which facilitates the rapid progression of heart failure due to reduced metabolic processes and altered lipid metabolism.&#x0D; The objective of the research was to study clinical manifestations, lipid metabolism indicators and their relationship in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic genesis and coexisting primary hypothyroidism.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. 73 patients with the average age of 55.92±2.66 years were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: Group I included 38 patients with chronic heart failure and coexisting hypothyroidism; Group II comprised 35 heart failure patients without hypothyroidism. The clinical course of chronic heart failure itself and chronic heart failure with coexisting hypothyroidism was studied, the patients’ quality of life was evaluated, the myocardial function was studied by means of the 6-minute walk test, the indicators of lipid profile were analyzed by determining the serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To assess thyroid function, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels were determined by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. The clinical course and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure and coexisting hypothyroidism were worse as compared to patients without hypothyroidism. The serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol differed between both groups of patients (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. Blood lipid profile was more significantly impaired in the patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic genesis and coexisting primary hypothyroidism that could result in the rapid progression of chronic heart failure, a more severe clinical course, and more frequent complications. The quality of life was higher in patients with heart failure without hypothyroidism and their condition was significantly better.

INFLUENCE OF THYMOGEN IN DISEASES OF HOOVES IN MOOSES ON INDICATORS OF MINERAL, PIGMENT AND LIPID METABOLISM

Data are presented that reflect the indicators of mineral, pigment and lipid metabolism in domesticated elks with hoof damage in standard treatment, as well as in combination with thymogen.The study was performed on three groups of breeding stock 2 months before calving: control - healthy animals (n = 10) and two experimental animals (n = 3 in each): group 1 - with mild damage to the hooves (basic treatment regimen ), 2nd - with more severe and with additional inclusion in the treatment regimen of a five-day course of thymogen at a dose of 300 μg/head, intramuscularly.Blood for the study was taken before, on the 14th and 30th day of the experiment. Serum-ku was obtained by the conventional method.It was shown that a mild degree of damage to the hooves was accompanied by an increase in the level of calcium, sodium, magnesium, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium-phosphorus ratio, a decrease in chlorine, phosphorus, potassium, total and direct bilirubin, osmolarity, and in more severe cases, an increase phosphorus, sodium, triglycerides against the background of a decrease in other components.The additional inclusion of thymogen in the scheme of therapeutic treatments in animals with a severe degree of damage contributed to a greater extent to the normalization of mineral metabolism, as evidenced by the indicators at the final stage of the experiments, which are closer to those of healthy animals than in the 1st experimental group. . The use of an immunocorrector minimized disturbances in pigment and lipid metabolism.

Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist-induced adipocyte activation improves obesity and metabolism in PCOS-like mice

AimsNeurokinin-B (NKB)-Neurokinin-3-receptor (NK3R) pathway is remarkably sensitive to energy equilibrium; however, its role in metabolic regulation remains unexplored in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the role of NK3R antagonists (NK3Ra) on metabolic dysfunction and obesity in in vitro and in vivo PCOS models. Main methodsFirst, an observational study using serum samples collected from 19 PCOS patients was performed. Second, prospective case-control experimental studies where NK3Ra (SB222200) was used to treat PCOS-like mice (BALB/c mice), ovariectomized+estrogen implanted obese mice (C57BL/6J mice) and 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes were carried out to investigate its effect on metabolism in vivo and in vitro. The fat volumes, serum biochemical indexes, adipokines and inflammatory cytokines, metabolism-related gene expression and the concentrations of ATP, NAD+, NADPH…etc. were studied. Key findingsWe found a positive correlation between serum NKB and lipid metabolism indicators in PCOS women. Using the mouse models, we demonstrated that administration of NK3Ra regulates serum adipokines, inhibits weight gain with a marked decrease in fat volume, adipocyte size, and inflammatory cytokines, and promotes oxidative metabolism and energy consumption. NK3Ra reduces lipid accumulation in mature murine adipocytes by inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) genes. NK3Ras also enhances oxidative metabolism and energy consumption by maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. SignificanceThis study backs the use of NK3Ras as a potential therapeutic for PCOS since it ameliorates both reproductive and metabolic aberrations.

Association of the cytokine profile and metabolic syndrome components in young patients

The components of metabolic syndrome (MS) are independent factors of cardiometabolic risk and are associated with impaired humoral immunity. However, the literature data on the cytokine profile features in MS are ambiguous. Therefore, associations between cytokine levels and MS components were determined in a group of MS patients of both sexes, as well as indices of visceral adipose tissue function were studied. The work included 149 patients aged 18-45 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 71) included patients without abdominal obesity and MS components (comparison group); group 2 (n = 78), patients with MS. The concentrations of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin were determined. The indexes of insulin resistance HOMA-IR, Tg/HDL and TyG, as well as marker of visceral adipose tissue dysfunction VAI were calculated. ELISA technique was used to determine the concentration of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN, IFN, МСР-1 и TNF. Results: In the patients with MS, we have found increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and decrease of IL-2, IL-4, IFN levels. Correlation analysis established a relationship between glucose levels and MCP-1; glycosylated hemoglobin and IL-6, TNF. Among the indices of lipid metabolism, we have revealed some associations between LDL-C and IFN; HDL-C and IL-2, IL-4, IFN. The levels of triglycerides correlated with MCP-1. A negative relationship between the presence of arterial hypertension and the IL-4 contents was established. A negative correlation of leptin levels with IL-4 and IFN concentrations was also determined. Markers of insulin resistance (Tg/HDL and TyG) were associated with MCP-1 chemokine, thus supporting chronic inflammatory process. The VAI index, which reflects the dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue, showed a correlation with MCP-1. Thus, the results of investigation suggest an involvement of the cytokine system in the disorders of visceral adipose tissue and development of the metabolic syndrome.

Increase of blood neuregulin 4 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in obese patients

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global epidemics at the present time, being a serious public health issue. An increased prevalence in the number of obese people promotes a risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and some types of cancer. The ErbB signaling pathway plays a significant role in development of the disorders associated with metabolic dysfunction (e.g., T2DM, obesity, arterial hypertension). Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is a new adipokine with similar effects to adiponectin. Interaction between the ErbB3, ErbB4 receptors and their ligand, NRG4, launches the processes required to maintain the energy balance in the cells. There are controversial literature data on NRG4 levels in blood circulation. In particular, the existing data concerning functions / mechanism of NRG4 action has been obtained in experimental animals and cell lines, which is not always reproducible in humans. According to some works, liver may be the key target organ for NRG4. The present article is devoted to assessment of relationships between the NRG4 level in blood, and the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as presence of diseases associated with obesity. The study included obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. The content of NRG4, indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the blood was assessed by means of enzyme immunoassay and biochemical techniques, respectively. It was found that the level of NRG4 was increased in obese patients with T2DM compared with healthy donors, and obese patients without T2DM. Statistical evaluation by correlation and regression analysis revealed numerous relationships between NRG4 and the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as some correlations between the NRG4 levels and clinical disorders associated with obesity (type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension). Thus, NRG4 may be involved into the development of dyslipidemia in obese patients. We consider an increase of blood NRG4 levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes as a compensatory response to the increased insulin-mediated lipogenesis. The data obtained are important in search for new points of influence upon pathogenesis of diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Neuroregulin 4 and its receptors may be promising targets for the treatment of socially significant clinical disorders.

Ameliorative effects of monascin from red mold rice on alcoholic liver injury and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice

Monascus-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of monascin (MS) from RMR on alcoholic liver injury (ALI) in mice, and further illustrated its mechanism of action. Results indicated that dietary MS intervention obviously ameliorated lipid metabolism and liver function in mice with over-drinking. In addition, MS intervention alleviated alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver by reducing the hepatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing the hepatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that excessive drinking had a significant effect on the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. MS intervention was beneficial to ameliorate intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by elevating the proportion of Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Coriobacteriales, etc., but decreasing the proportion of Staphylococcus, Muribaculaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, etc. Additionally, correlation analysis indicated that the key intestinal bacterial taxa intervened by MS were closely related to some biochemical indicators of lipid metabolism, liver function and oxidative stress. Moreover, liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary MS supplementation significantly regulated the levels of liver metabolites involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, and purine metabolism, etc. Furthermore, MS intervention regulated gene transcription and protein expression associated with lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the liver. In short, these findings suggest that MS mitigates alcohol-induced hepatic oxidative damage through modulating the intestinal microbiome and liver metabolic pathway, and thus can be served as a functional component to prevent alcoholic liver disease.

EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO AERÓBICO SOBRE A FUNÇÃO MOTORA DOS MEMBROS EM PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Gestational Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that result in glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Among the range of treatments are diet, continuous use of medication, and psychological monitoring. Since it is a multidisciplinary treatment, a proper protocol is vital for a favorable outcome. In addition, there are questions about the benefits of physical activity as a complementary therapy. Objective: To verify the impact of adding exercise to the hospital protocol for patients with gestational diabetes, both on the risks of type 2 diabetes in pregnant women and on the obesity of their offspring. Methods: Sixty pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Both groups received specific treatment and intervention, and the experimental group practiced controlled moderate-intensity physical activity (125-146bpm). Morning blood samples were collected from both groups to check fasting glucose and insulin levels, indicators of lipid metabolism, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B. The Brog scale measured the fatigue level. In addition, the premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, macrosomia, and others was checked. Results: The peripheral blood total cholesterol levels were 5.93, 5. 38, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 2.95 before versus 2.64 after, and apolipoprotein B levels were 1.84 versus 1.59 in the control group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content increased from 1.74 to 1.88, blood cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels after the intervention in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, with an elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise proved to be more appropriate for patients with gestational diabetes in the later stages of pregnancy and may also be adapted for bedridden patients refractory to traditional drugs. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

Developmental exposure to indoor flame retardants and hypothalamic molecular signatures: Sex-dependent reprogramming of lipid homeostasis.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame-retardant organohalogen pollutants that act as endocrine/neuroendocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In humans, exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFR) or other environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and novel organophosphate flame retardants has been associated with increasing trends of diabetes and metabolic disease. However, the effects of PBDEs on metabolic processes and their associated sex-dependent features are poorly understood. The metabolic-disrupting effects of perinatal exposure to industrial penta-PBDE mixture, DE-71, on male and female progeny of C57BL/6N mouse dams were examined in adulthood. Dams were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of PBDEs daily for 10 weeks (p.o.): 0.1 (L-DE-71) and 0.4 mg/kg/d (H-DE-71) and offspring parameters were compared to corn oil vehicle controls (VEH/CON). The following lipid metabolism indices were measured: plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, leptin, and liver lipids. L-DE-71 female offspring were particularly affected, showing hypercholesterolemia, elevated liver lipids and fasting plasma leptin as compared to same-sex VEH/CON, while L- and H-DE-71 male F1 only showed reduced plasma adiponectin. Using the quantitative Folch method, we found that mean liver lipid content was significantly elevated in L-DE-71 female offspring compared to controls. Oil Red O staining revealed fatty liver in female offspring and dams. General measures of adiposity, body weight, white and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and lean and fat mass were weighed or measured using EchoMRI. DE-71 did not produce abnormal adiposity, but decreased BAT depots in L-DE-71 females and males relative to same-sex VEH/CON. To begin to address potential central mechanisms of deregulated lipid metabolism, we used RT-qPCR to quantitate expression of hypothalamic genes in energy-regulating circuits that control lipid homeostasis. Both doses of DE-71 sex-dependently downregulated hypothalamic expression of Lepr, Stat3, Mc4r, Agrp, Gshr in female offspring while H-DE-71 downregulated Npy in exposed females relative to VEH/CON. In contrast, exposed male offspring displayed upregulated Stat3 and Mc4r. Intestinal barrier integrity was measured using FITC-dextran since it can lead to systemic inflammation that leads to liver damage and metabolic disease, but was not affected by DE-71 exposure. These findings indicate that maternal transfer of PBDEs disproportionately endangers female offspring to lipid metabolic reprogramming that may exaggerate risk for adult metabolic disease.

Стан кишкової мікробіоти як один із патогенетичних факторів розвитку метаболічних порушень і терапевтична мішень у дітей з ожирінням (огляд літератури, власні дослідження)

The high prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents at the current stage is an important medical and social problem in pediatric practice. The presence of obesity in children is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders in the body. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of metabolic disorders in obese people remain to be fully understood, but the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the body is considered to be one of the key factors in their formation. For today, many scientists are studying the state of the intestinal microbiota as one of the likely triggers of chronic inflammation and the development of metabolic changes in obese people. Purpose - to summarize the literature data and the results of our own research on the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of probiotic cultures on the main metabolic indicators in children with obesity. Results and conclusions. At the current stage, scientific researches on the study the role of intestinal microbiota both as a marker of metabolic changes in the body of obese people and as a potential therapeutic target are continuing. According to systematic reviews, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body of obese people is significantly increased and pronounced dysbiotic disturbances are noted. Addition of probiotic cultures to therapy has been reported by various researchers to improve basic metabolic parameters and reduce inflammatory markers in obese people. As a result of our own research, improvements in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indicators, the structural and functional state of the liver, and the general condition of obese children who took a synbiotic drug in complex treatment were revealed. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Melatonin: Manager of psychosomatic and metabolic disorders in polymorbid cardiovascular pathology.

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between changes in circadian patterns of melatonin and clinical manifestations of polymorbid cardiovascular pathology (PCVP) in young men and to analyze the effectiveness of their complex treatment.Materials and methodsWe made the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of epiphysis tissues from autopsies of 25 men aged 32–44 with PCVP and metabolic syndrome (MS) who had died as a result of ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) and 25 persons after the car accident as a control group. Then, 93 young men aged 35–44 with PCVP, metabolic syndrome, and depressive spectrum disorders (DSD) were divided into three groups: (1) standard therapy; (2) standard therapy and psychotherapy sessions; (3) standard therapy in combination with psychotherapeutic and psychophysiological visual and auditory correction sessions. The control group included 24 conditionally healthy male volunteers. Before and after the treatment, we studied the anthropometric status, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism indicators, the level of urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate, the degree of nocturnal decrease in blood pressure (BP), and the relationship of these indicators with circadian variations of melatonin excretion.ResultsYoung polymorbid patients who died from IC have a lower expression of melatonin type 1 and 2 receptors. All patients with PCVP showed a decrease in the nocturnal melatonin excretion fraction and a correlation with higher severity of depressive (r = −0.72) and anxiety (r = −0.66) symptoms. Reduced values of the 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-SM) in the 1st (r = 0.45), 2nd (r = 0.39), and 3rd (r = 0.51) groups before treatment was associated with periods of increased BP. The achievement of melatonin excretion reference values and normalization of biochemical parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, daily BP profile, and psychophysiological state were noted in all three patients’ groups, with a more pronounced effect in group 3.ConclusionLow nocturnal melatonin excretion levels are associated with greater severity of clinical symptoms and a higher risk of death in patients with PCVP. Therefore, comprehensive therapy may be more effective for correcting this disease.

Sex differences in the association between dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

Dinner-bedtime interval was reported to be associated with general obesity. However, the association between dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity is still unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the association of dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity. A total of 7600 participants from Henan rural cohort study were included in this study. A standard questionnaire was used to obtain the time of dinner and sleep by the way of face-to-face interview. Sleep quality of each participant was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the association between dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity. Line regression was used to estimate the association between dinner-bedtime interval and lipid metabolism indexes. The mediation effect of sleep quality on the relationship between dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity was evaluated. In male, increased dinner-bedtime interval was associated with abdominal obesity risk (Adjusted OR: 1.084, 95% CI 1.009-1.164). Compared with participants with dinner-bedtime interval ≤ 2h, those dinner-bedtime interval > 2h had an elevated risk of abdominal obesity (Adjusted OR: 1.199, 95% CI 1.009-1.425). In addition, a positive linear dose-response relationship was detected between dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity. Moreover, total cholesterol concentration increased by 0.047mmol/L for each 1-h increase in dinner-bedtime interval (P = 0.019). In addition, sleep quality mediated 11.45% of the relationship between dinner-bedtime interval and abdominal obesity (adjusted mediation effect: - 0.010, 95% CI - 0.019 to - 0.003). But in female, these associations were not significant. It is suggested that increased dinner-bedtime interval was related to a higher risk of abdominal obesity in rural China and this association was differed by sex. Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study.

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in children after coronavirus disease: Observational study

Background. Six months after coronavirus disease (COVID-19), more than half of the children have various clinical manifestations of post-covid syndrome. In adult patients without a history of diabetes mellitus, cases of carbohydrate metabolism disorders against the background of COVID-19 and in the long term after the disease have been described. Coronavirus infection in adult patients with lipid disorders is associated with a high risk of severe COVID-19. A 12-year follow-up of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV showed that they were at an increased risk of developing dyslipidemia. For patients who have undergone SARS-CoV-2, there are no such data due to the short follow-up period. Studies in children evaluating the impact of coronavirus disease on the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are isolated and contradictory.&#x0D; Aim. To compare indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in children after a coronavirus disease with a control group of healthy peers without a history of COVID-19.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 108 children aged 3 to 17 years, divided into two groups. The study group included 50 children (mean age 12.0 [7.4; 14.5] years) after a coronavirus disease. The average follow-up period after the disease was 6 months (from 3 to 12 months). The control group consisted of 58 healthy peers (mean age 12.5 [7.5; 15.1] years) without a history of COVID-19. All children underwent an assessment of the level of glucose in the blood serum, lipid metabolism and the calculation of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index).&#x0D; Results. The frequency of impaired fasting glycemia in children after a coronavirus disease was 2% and was comparable to the control group of healthy peers without a history of COVID-19. The TyG indices in the study groups did not differ significantly (4.46 [4.11; 4.65] vs 4.33 [4.0; 4.47]; p=0.37). None of the children included in the study showed an increase in the TyG index to values corresponding to the criterion of insulin resistance. An assessment of the state of lipid metabolism also did not reveal significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides, depending on the presence of a history of coronavirus disease.&#x0D; Conclusion. In children six months (312 months) after coronavirus disease, there was no increase in the frequency of impaired fasting glycemia and insulin resistance compared to healthy peers without a history of COVID-19.

Biochemical profile of the blood of dairy cows depending on the characteristics of their feeding

The biochemical profile of dairy cows is described depending on the features of their feeding. The dynamics of indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism was studied. The determination of the values ??of the biochemical indicators was performed on a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer with a flow cuvette of the BS-3000M ("Sinnowa Medical Science &amp; Technology Co., Ltd.", China) with the use of diavet test liquid reagents sets ("Diacon Vet", Russia) in accordance with manufacturers techniques. During the experiment, the animals of the first (control) group received the main balanced feeding diet. The cows of the second group in the composition of the diet was fought by an energy consuming feed additive in a dose of 500 g daily for 60 days of lactation. The individuals of the third group as part of the main diet were obtained propylene glycol dry on 225 g daily for 60 days of lactation. Analyzes of biochemical indicators have established that changes in the biochemical blood cow blood profile were largely due to the peculiarities of their feeding. The composition and nutritional nutrition of cows in the composition of feed facilities determine the severity of the dynamics of changes in certain indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid mineral metabolism, as well as enzyme activity.

Ginsenosides Restore Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Mice with Intrahepatic Cholestasis through SIRT1/AMPK Pathways.

Intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) occurs when the liver and systemic circulation accumulate bile components, which can then lead to lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative damage. Ginsenosides (GS) are pharmacologically active plant products derived from ginseng that possesses lipid-regulation and antioxidation activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of ginsenosides (GS) on lipid homeostasis disorder and oxidative stress in mice with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced IC and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. A comprehensive strategy via incorporating pharmacodynamics and molecular biology technology was adopted to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of GS in ANIT-induced mice liver injury. The effects of GS on cholestasis were studied in mice that had been exposed to ANIT-induced cholestasis. The human HepG2 cell line was then used in vitro to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which GS might improve IC. The gene silencing experiment and liver-specific sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) knockout (SIRT1LKO) mice were used to further elucidate the mechanisms. The general physical indicators were assessed, and biological samples were collected for serum biochemical indexes, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress-related indicators. Quantitative PCR and H&E staining were used for molecular and pathological analysis. The altered expression levels of key pathway proteins (Sirt1, p-AMPK, Nrf2) were validated by Western blotting. By modulating the AMPK protein expression, GS decreased hepatic lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation and lipoprotein lipolysis, thereby improving lipid homeostasis in IC mice. Furthermore, GS reduced ANIT-triggered oxidative damage by enhancing Nrf2 and its downstream target levels. Notably, the protective results of GS were eliminated by SIRT1 shRNA in vitro and SIRT1LKO mice in vivo. GS can restore the balance of the lipid metabolism and redox in the livers of ANIT-induced IC models via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, thus exerting a protective effect against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury.

Reference ranges of biochemical blood parameters in juvenile athletes

Reference ranges of blood parameters adapted for young athletes are necessary for proper assessment and timely detection of deviations in the state of health.Purpose. A comparative analysis of the reference ranges of some biochemical blood parameters calculated on a sample of thousands of athletes under 18 years old, members of Russian national teams, versus similar indices of children not engaged in sports obtained in the framework of projects carried out in Canada and in Scandinavian countries.Results. Differences in the width of reference ranges, their minimum and maximum values between the compared groups for several indicators of protein and lipid metabolism, cortisol and testosterone aredescribed. The authors discuss the expediency of further development of reference ranges of blood parameters, which consider sex, age of athletes, and specifics of sports.Conclusion. The specified data on reference ranges of blood indices are necessary for clearer differentiation and objective evaluation of adaptational transformations arising against the background of physical loads, as well astimely detection of pathological deviations in the functional state of juvenile athletes’ organism and prognosis of their further development.

Поширеність факторів ризику, особливості жирнокислотного спектра плазми крові та стан надання медичної допомоги хворим на ішемічну хворобу серця – мешканцям різних висотних зон Закарпаття

Мета роботи – виявити фактори ризику та особливості клінічного перебігу різних форм ішемічної хвороби серця в жителів гір і рівнин Карпатського регіону та оцінити ефективність і обсяг медичної допомоги цим хворим.Матеріали і методи. У дослідження було залучено 296 осіб, з яких 105 мешканців гірських населених пунктів та 191 житель рівнинних населених пунктів. У пацієнтів, які перенесли інфаркт міокарда з елевацією та без елевації сегмента ST, оцінювали стан надання медичної допомоги. При обстеженні пацієнтів використовували загальноклінічні методи, оцінювали антропометричні дані, визначали загальний серцево-судинний ризик та серцево-судинний ризик за шкалою SCORE, вимірювали офісний артеріальний тиск, реєстрували ЕКГ, досліджували показники ліпідного обміну. У частини пацієнтів зі стабільною ішемічною хворобою серця (ІХС) оцінювали показники жирнокислотного складу плазми крові – з використанням методу газової хроматографії. Результати та обговорення. У дослідженні порівняли дві групи пацієнтів: група 1 – хворі з ІХС, що проживають у гірській місцевості (n=54); група 2 – хворі з ІХС, що проживають у рівнинній місцевості (n=62). При порівнянні жирнокислотного складу плазми крові виявлено суттєві відмінності між мешканцями рівнинних та гірських населених пунктів. Гірські мешканці порівняно з жителями рівнини мали статистично значуще вищі рівні насичених міристинової та стеаринової жирної кислоти, пальмітолеїнової мононенасиченої жирної кислоти та двох ω6-поліненасичених жирних кислот (γ-ліноленової та дигомо-гамма-ліноленової жирної кислоти); ці відмінності виявлялися в загальній групі порівняння і окремо в підгрупах чоловіків, осіб віком понад 40 років, у осіб з надлишковою масою тіла чи ожирінням (за показником індексу маси тіла), в осіб з абдомінальним ожирінням (за показником обводу талії), які мали хоча б одне коморбідне захворювання (артеріальну гіпертензію, стабільну ІХС або цукровий діабет 2-го типу). У мешканців гірських населених пунктів з надлишковою масою тіла чи ожирінням наявність цукрового діабету 2-го типу або артеріальної гіпертензії асоціювалася також з нижчими рівнями ω3-докозагексаєнової жирної кислоти.Висновки. Вищі рівні міристинової жирної кислоти, ω6-андренової та нижчі рівні ω3-докозагексаєнової жирної кислоти в горян з ожирінням є ймовірними предикторами виникнення та прогресування коморбідних патологій. При проведенні первинного черезшкірного коронарного втручання смертність хворих з гострим коронарним синдромом не залежить від регіону проживання (гірське, рівнинне населення). Чим далі розташований катетеризаційний центр, тим меншій кількості хворих виконується ургентне первинне черезшкірне коронарне втручання, що пов’язано із запізнілою діагностикою гострого коронарного синдрому, а відповідно і з несвоєчасним транспортуванням населення до катетеризаційної лабораторії. Таким чином, катетеризаційні центри мають бути розташовані максимально наближено, щоб транспортування хворого забирало найменше часу. Жителі гірської зони, із врахуванням обмеженого доступу до медичної допомоги, порівняно з мешканцями рівнинних населених пунктів (стан доріг, комунікаційних зв’язків, віддаленість від районних центрів) потребують регулярних медичних оглядів для зниження ризику виникнення та поліпшення прогнозу пацієнтів із серцево-судинними захворюваннями.

Positive effects of Mulberry leaf extract on egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant indices of laying hens.

Plant extracts are becoming a hot topic of research by animal husbandry practitioners following the implementation of a global policy to restrict antibiotic use in animal production. Mulberry leaf extract has received considerable attention as a new plant extract. Mulberry leaf polysaccharides and flavonoids are its main constituents, and these substances possess immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anticoagulant properties. It is however less common to use them in poultry production. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adding MLE to the diet of laying hens on egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant indices in this study. A total of 288 Lohmann Silber layers, aged 38 weeks, were randomly assigned to four groups (six replicates of 12 hens each). Hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control diet), 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2% MLE for 56 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.4–1.2% MLE to the diet improved aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in the serum of laying hens, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) content in the serum, and significantly decreased yolk triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents (P < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed on production performance (P > 0.10). MLE (0.4 and 1.2%) significantly reduced the TG and TC levels in the liver (P < 0.05). MLE (0.8 and 1.2%) significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum, decreased alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, TG and TC content in the serum, and improved egg yolk color (P < 0.05). MLE (1.2%) significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serum and enhanced eggshell strength (P < 0.05). The liver-related lipid metabolism gene assay revealed that the relative mRNA expression of PPARα and SIRT1 in the liver was significantly upregulated and that of FASN and PPARγ was significantly decreased after the addition of MLE. In contrast, the relative mRNA expression of SREBP-1c in the liver dramatically decreased after the addition of 0.8 and 1.2% MLE (P < 0.05). The addition of MLE to the diet improved egg quality and the economic value of hens by increasing antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism. The most appropriate amount of MLE to be added to the diet of laying hens was 0.8%. Our study provides a theoretical reference for the application of MLE in egg production and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the livestock and poultry industry under the background of antibiotic prohibition.