Self-esteem Index Research Articles

Self-esteem and drug use among students: moderating roles of dimensions of family dysfunction

ABSTRACT Background Self-Esteem (SE) may be a reason why students use substances. A dysfunctional family may be an issue that leads students to use drugs. There has been limited research on how drug use (DU) is a consequence of family dysfunction. Aims This study examines the associations between SE and DU and the moderating effects of dimensions of family dysfunction (problem-solving, communications, roles, affective response, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning) on this association. Methods 450 students completed the Psychoactive Substance Use Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device, and Index of Self-Esteem. Results The results indicated that roles significantly moderated the association between self-esteem and drug use, while the moderation effects of all other family dysfunction dimensions were insignificant. Conclusions The association between self-esteem and drug use and how roles moderate this association emphasize the need to create awareness in families and schools where these students can easily understand the consequences of their behavior.

On Reading Mathematical Texts, Question-Asking and Cognitive Load

In this study, we examined aspects relating to the impact of integrating question-asking activities and providing answers to these questions while reading historical mathematical texts on prospective mathematics teachers’ self-reported cognitive load. The research design of the study was quasi-experimental. The study participants included two groups of 20 students each (experimental and control). The experimental group was instructed to ask questions while coping with the texts, whereas the control group received no special instructions. The experimental group participants were asked to think aloud while coping with the texts and audio record themselves. These records were transcribed into written protocols. Both groups had to respond to a self-esteem index questionnaire in which they had to report the level of difficulty they experienced during their attempts to cope with the texts, as an indicator of their sense of cognitive load. This process was repeated at three time points, relating to three different texts. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Two main observations were obtained: (1) A significant difference was found between the control and the experimental groups regarding the decrease in cognitive load along the time points. Because the only difference between the control and experimental groups was the activity of question-asking, it might be concluded that question-asking affects the reduction in cognitive load. (2) Question-asking supports the assimilation of new information up to a specific limit, depending on the gap between existing knowledge and new information.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ-K).

Weight self-stigma refers to negative self-prejudice due to the internalization of negative social messages about one's weight. People with high self-stigma may have low self-esteem and decreased social activity. Weight-related self-stigma can create diet-related disorders since it is highly related to the recognition of body types. However, there are no tools available to measure the weight-related stigma of the general public in Korea. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ-K). A methodological study was conducted with 150 Korean university students. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The WSSQ-K was correlated with body mass index and measures of self-esteem and weight concern to evaluate concurrent validity. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha. In the exploratory factor analysis, two factors were proposed: "self-devaluation" (Cronbach's α = 79) and "fear of enacted stigma" (Cronbach's α = 82). Factor loadings for the 12 items on two factors ranged from 0.539 to 0.811, which explained 53.3% of the total variance. The WSSQ-K correlated with body mass index, self-esteem, and weight concern. The findings showed that the WSSQ-K was a reliable and valid measure that could be used for evaluating weight self-stigma in normal-weight adults in Korea.

Effect of mindfulness on sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy in postmenopausal women: a quasi-experimental study.

Menopause is a turning point in women's lives and a major medical challenge, leading to drastic changes in sexual self-esteem and the husband-wife relationship, which can have an undeniable impact on the quality of their life. To assess the effect of mindfulness-based education on sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy in postmenopausal women. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 130 women who were assigned to 2 groups, intervention (n = 65) and control (n = 65), out of whom 127 completed the study. The interventional group received 8 training sessions. The mindfulness-based intervention consisted of 8 educational sessions and daily mindfulness exercises. Sexual self-esteem was assessed by the Sexual Self-esteem Index for Woman-Short Form, and marital intimacy was measured with Thompson and Walker's Intimacy Scale. The collected data were analyzed via analysis of covariance. Outcomes included changes in sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy scores. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated higher levels of total self-esteem posttreatment than participants in the control group (125.15 vs 119.46) and higher levels of intimacy (74.22 vs 61.59). The difference was still significant after adjusting for self-esteem (η2 = 0.312, P < .001) and intimacy (η2 = 0.573, P < .001) at baseline. Mindfulness may be used as a strategy to improve sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy. Unlike other treatments, mindfulness seems to be low cost and less complex in improving sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy. Limitations of this study include use of available sampling methods, nonrandom allocation of participants, and self-reporting data collection. As evidenced by the results, 8 weeks of mindfulness training could improve sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy in menopausal women. The mindfulness-based intervention should be incorporated into routine care to help menopausal women.

Comparison of Sexual Function, Body Image Concern, and Sexual Self-esteem in Women After Natural Childbirth With Episiotomy and Cesarean Delivery

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare sexual function, body image concern, and sexual self-esteem in women after natural delivery with episiotomy and cesarean delivery. Methods This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all women referring to medical centers affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021, of whom 200 participants (100 women with natural delivery and 100 women with cesarean delivery) were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The female Sexual Function Index, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Sexual Self-Esteem Index were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed via independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results The results showed a significant difference between sexual function and sexual self-esteem in women with a natural delivery and cesarean delivery (P=0.05). In addition, although both groups experienced body image concerns, no significant difference was found between the scores in the two groups (P=0.05). Conclusion The evidence indicates that although women with natural delivery experience better sexual function than women with cesarean delivery, they may suffer from lower sexual self-esteem and appearance dissatisfaction compared to the other group.

Correlation of Physical Indices with the Subjective Physiological and Neurophysiological Parameters of Health

In our work, we conducted research and analysis of the components of physical health of students of pedagogical specialties. To this end, the vital and strength indices, the Robinson and Rufier indices, and the height-to-weight ratio were determined. The article also confirms the hypothesis that the physical health and the neurophysiological (psychological) state are related and mutually determined, but not in the direct proportion, depending on the type of index and aspect of self-esteem. Specific results were obtained by comparing physical health indices with subjective feelings of psychological or neurophysiological discomfort. Data saturation and their analysis were conducted using the following methods: anthropometry; spirometry; dynamometry; tonometry; functional tests; mathematical and statistical analysis, as well as questionnaires developed by the authors of subjective assessment of their own condition, which were offered remotely. The research was performed on the basis of Khmelnytskyi Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy at the Department of Physical Culture and Valeology.The experimental part was performed with the participation of students of 1-4 years of three specialties with a total of 118 people, of which 100 were girls and 18 were boys aged 17 to 21 years (region – Ukraine). The average sample values for girls of the Rufier, Robinson, and “strength” indexes were below average; “vital” and “height-to-weight” indices are defined at the average level. Averaged values for the sample for boys were the following: high are “strength” and “height-to-weight” levels; the Robinson index is low, and the Rufier and “vital” indices are below average. The international significance of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the objective and subjective health indices stated by the interviewers have been measured comparatively. The authors' original contribution is determined by unexpected results obtained by correlating physical indices with subjective physiological and neurophysiological health parameters in young boys and girls.

Mediating Influence of Self Esteem in the Prediction between Personality Traits and Alcohol Abuse Anong Ebonyi State University Students

Alcohol Abuse among students has become a serious public health issue in Nigeria. Research documentation of alcohol abuse has only been concentrated in the developed world with little or no empirical evidence to account for the perceptions from the developing world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the mediating effect of self esteem in the predictive relationship between personality traits and alcohol abuse among Ebonyi State University students. , Abakalilki. A Cross-sectional survey design was used for the study.&#x0D; Three hundred and twelve (312) Ebonyi State University students from the faculty of Health Sciences, Presco Campus were selected for this study. They comprised 208 (63.2%) males and 104 (32.3%) females with an age range between 19 years and 33 years. Their mean age was 23.36 which the SD was 6.36.This study made use of multi-stage sampling technique which comprised simple balloting and purposive sampling technique. Measures of the personality traits in this study were based on the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Index of Self-Esteem (ISE) was used to measure global indices of self-esteem and the McAndrew Alcoholism Scale was used to measure destructive drinking. &#x0D; Results showed that, personality trait significantly predicted alcohol abuse in this manner Extroversion (R= .087; β; 28 p&lt; .01), Agreeableness (R= .087; β; 11, p&lt; .01), Conscientiousness (R= .087; β; .03, p&lt; .01), openness (R= .087; β; .24, p&lt; .01), Finally neuroticism (R= .087; β.32, p&lt; .01). The result also indicated that personality characteristics (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism), combined significantly predicted alcohol abuse among Ebonyi State University students (R= .087; β; .33, p&lt; .01). Finally Self-esteem significantly predicted alcohol abuse (β -.14, t -2.99, p&lt; .01). Post-Hoc Sobel test that was conducted reveled that perceive self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between personality trait and alcohol abuse (Ƶ = 2.31, p., &lt;. 05). Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that academic institutions at all levels should try as much as possible to engage in reward systems that increase student’s propensities which will enhance the psycho-emotional perspectives of the students and able to cope with social pressures with campuses, and also effort should be made to reduce to minimal access to alcoholic beverages within the university environment. Also, symposiums and seminars including workshops should be organized to sensitize and students at all levels on social acceptable best practices. Also, therapies and interventions should be conducted for students who report or show behavioural problems which are linked to alcoholism and abuse of illicit drugs. This study portends several implications for the academia, in that research studies can be harnessed to help in policy formation and implementation concerning the sale and accessibility of alcoholic beverages within university campuses.

Combining Motherhood and Work: Effects of Dual Identity and Identity Conflict on Well-Being

This study investigated whether having a dual identity as both a mother and an employed person constitutes a threat to well-being, or whether it is a positive resource. The study focused on indices of life satisfaction and self-esteem. A convenience sample of 208 mothers were exposed to a manipulation of identity conflict, whereby we manipulated whether working mothers perceived their identities as a mother and an employed person to be in conflict with each other or not. It was hypothesized that generally having multiple identities (as an employee and a mother) would be positively associated with well-being, that perceived identity conflict would have a negative impact on well-being, and that identity conflict would exacerbate the negative effects of identity-related stressors on well-being. Results supported these predictions. The applied implication is that policies that enable mothers to work will be conducive to maternal well-being, but that the policies must minimize conflict between demands associated with employment and parental responsibilities.

Associations between weight status, body satisfaction, ethnic identity and self-esteem in Oceanian adolescents.

Self-esteem has consistently been observed to be relatively low in adolescents with obesity. In the Pacific region, the prevalence of obesity in adolescence is high, but few studies have considered issues of self-esteem in this population. To examine associations between weight status, body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in a sample of New Caledonian adolescents and to test for moderation effects of ethnicity on predictors of self-esteem. Objective anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference and thickness of skinfolds) were obtained in a multi-ethnic sample of New Caledonian adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio and the sum of four skinfolds thickness were used as proxies of weight status. Indices of ethnic identity, self-esteem, socio-demographic data (socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, urbanicity of residence) and body dissatisfaction were obtained using survey methods. Between-group analyses indicated that adolescents of European/white origin had significantly higher self-esteem than adolescents with Oceanian Non-European Non-Asian ancestry (ONENA). However, low self-esteem was significantly associated with weight status and body dissatisfactions in European/white adolescents but not ONENA adolescents. Ethnicity moderated the relationships of predictors (BMI z-score, body dissatisfaction, age, urbanicity and ethnic identity) on self-esteem, and the strongest predictors of self-esteem were ethnicity and ethnic identity. While self-esteem has important consequences for adolescent well-being and health outcomes, these results highlight the importance of applying different steps to develop and maintain healthy self-esteem in the Pacific region.

The self-esteem implicit association test is valid: Evidence from brain activity.

A distinct challenge of implicit self-esteem research is the dubious validity of measures for implicit self-esteem. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) studies to examine whether implicit self-esteem measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) actually reflects the automatic self-evaluation. We adopted the regular IAT and the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), respectively, to measure implicit self-esteem in two studies. We focused on the P300 that reflects the stimulus evaluation process. Study 1 revealed that participants responded faster to self pairing with good than to self pairing with bad whereas self pairing with bad elicited a delayed P300 compared with self pairing with good. Study 2 replicated these findings and further highlighted that the index of implicit self-esteem based on reaction time is correlated with that based on P300 latency. Our results suggest that implicit self-esteem assessed by the IAT measures automatic self-evaluation, thus providing neural evidence for the validity of implicit self-esteem.

Developing educational and vocational aspirations through international child sponsorship: Evidence from Kenya, Indonesia, and Mexico

• Aspirations likely mediate positive educational impacts from child sponsorship. • We find sponsorship increased children’s self-esteem, optimism, and aspirations. • Aspirations impacts are strongest in Kenya, but statistically significant overall. • Estimates are robust to changes in counterfactuals and alternative specifications. The role of aspirations in facilitating movement out of poverty is a subject of increasing research in development economics. Previous work finds positive impacts from international child sponsorship on educational attainment, employment, and adult income. This paper seeks to ascertain whether the impacts of child sponsorship on educational outcomes may occur through elevated aspirations among sponsored children. Using an age-eligibility rule applied during program rollout to identify causal effects, we study whether international child sponsorship increases educational and vocational aspirations among a sample of 2022 children in Kenya, Indonesia, and Mexico. While effects are heterogeneous, and strongest in Kenya, we find that, averaging over the three countries, sponsorship increased indices of self-esteem (0.25sd), optimism (0.26sd), aspirations (0.29sd), and expected years of completed education (0.43 years). We find that sponsorship increases actual grade completion by 0.56 among children at the time of the survey, and mediation analysis suggests that the impact of sponsorship on aspirations is likely to mediate higher levels of grade completion. Our results contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating that the positive impacts of child sponsorship stem partly through elevating aspirations. More generally, our research contributes to a larger literature suggesting that the alleviation of internal constraints among the poor is a strong complement to addressing their external constraints.

Premorbid Social Functioning and Affective Symptoms Predict Subjective Outcome Among Outpatients With Schizophrenia.

Improving the subjective outcome of patients is an important target in the treatment of schizophrenia. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of factors deemed relevant in this context, i.e., premorbid functioning, residual symptoms, and side effects of antipsychotic medication, with subjective outcome. To this end, 70 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia were included into a cross-sectional study. Premorbid functioning, psychopathology, and side effects were assessed by using the Premorbid Adjustment Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale, respectively. Subjective outcome was measured in terms of life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire), self-esteem (Index of Self-Esteem), and needs for care (Berliner Bedürfnisinventar). Both premorbid social functioning and affective symptoms predicted life satisfaction, self-esteem, and patients’ basic needs, whereas positive and negative symptoms predicted needs in the health, social, and functional domains. Concerning side effects, parkinsonism and akathisia showed a significant negative correlation with self-esteem. These findings highlight the complex nature of subjective outcome in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Evidently, premorbid social functioning plays a prominent role in the experienced subjective outcome during the course of the illness. Furthermore, these preliminary findings underscore that constant efforts are essential to treat residual symptoms of the disorder and to avoid extrapyramidal motor side effects of antipsychotic medication. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this latter point in more detail.

Association between gross motor competence and health-related quality of life in (pre)schoolchildren: the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness

ABSTRACT Background: Motor competence, defined as a person’s ability to execute different motor skills, is directly associated with children’s physical, mental, and social development and may be essential in encouraging an active lifestyle in childhood. Although health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children has been described as an individual’s subjective perception of the impact of health status on physical, psychological and social functioning, in very young children, a HRQoL parent-proxy report is needed since (pre)schoolchildren have problems expressing their feelings and understanding items on HRQoL instruments. In addition, the influence of motor competence on fitness levels has strong empirical support, so it seems reasonable to hypothesize that cardiorespiratory fitness might play a crucial role in the association between motor competence and HRQoL in children. Objectives: This study examined the association between gross motor competence (G-MC) and HRQoL in typically developing children, and whether this association between G-MC and HRQoL was mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study with 1088 (pre)schoolchildren (51.84% boys, 48.16% girls) aged between 4 and 7 years (5.32 ± 0.60) belonging to 21 schools in the Spanish provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real were included. G-MC was evaluated using the MABC-2 battery, HRQoL was assessed using the KINDL-R questionnaire and cardiorespiratory fitness using the 20m-shuttle-run-test. Partial correlations, covariance models and mediation analyses were conducted. Results: The mean scores of HRQoL (physical well-being, self-esteem, friends, school and global score index) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in children with higher G-MC. When cardiorespiratory fitness was added as a covariate, all the results remained unchanged (p < 0.05), except for physical well-being for the total sample as well as emotional well-being and the global score index for girls. Simple mediation analyses showed that cardiorespiratory fitness acted as a mediator between G-MC and physical well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.01; 0.07]) for the total sample. For boys, it acted as a mediator between G-MC and physical well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.00; 0.08]) and school (Indirect Effect = 0.05 [95% CI = 0.01; 0.09]), and, for girls, between G-MC and emotional well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.01; 0.08]) and the global score index (Indirect Effect = 0.02 [95% CI = 0.00; 0.05]). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that good G-MC levels are associated with better HRQoL, mainly in global score index of HRQoL and self-esteem, friends, and school dimensions in typically developing children. Further, cardiorespiratory fitness mediates the association between G-MC and the physical dimension of HRQoL in (pre)schoolchildren. Additionally, physical and academic dimensions are mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness for boys and the emotional and global score indices of HRQoL are mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness for girls. These findings provide scientific evidence that improving motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness might be a practical strategy to increase HRQoL in children. Thus, families and the educational community should promote effective interventions and incorporate opportunities inside and outside school that aim to jointly improve motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Role of Global Self-Esteem in Predicting Life Satisfaction of Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia.

Background: This study analyzed the role of global self-esteem and selected sociodemographic variables in predicting life satisfaction of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. Methods: The study subjects were full-time nursing students from three European countries. A diagnostic survey was used as a research method, while the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to collect data. Results: The research was performed on a group of 1002 students. The mean age of those surveyed was 21.6 (±3.4). The results showed significant differences both in the level of the global self-esteem index (F = 40.74; p < 0.0001) and in the level of general satisfaction with life (F = 12.71; p < 0.0001). A comparison of the structure of results demonstrated that there were significantly fewer students with high self-esteem in Spain (11.06%) than in Poland (48.27%) and in Slovakia (42.05%), while more students with a high sense of life satisfaction were recorded in Spain (64.90%) than in Poland (37.87%) or in Slovakia (47.44%). A positive, statistically significant correlation was found between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life in the group of Slovak students (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001), Polish students (r = 0.31; p < 0.0001) and Spanish students (r = 0.26; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a regression analysis proved that three variables explaining a total of 12% output variation were the predictors of life satisfaction in Polish students. The regression factor was positive (ßeta = 0.31; R2 = 0.12), which indicates a positive correlation and the largest share was attributed to global self-esteem (9%). In the group of Spanish students, global self-esteem explained 7% (ßeta = 0.27; R2 = 0.07) of the output variation and 14% in the group of Slovak students (ßeta = 0.38; R2 = 0.14). Conclusions: The global self-esteem demonstrates the predictive power of life satisfaction of nursing students, most clearly marked in the group of Slovak students. The measurement of the variables under consideration may facilitate the planning and implementation of programs aimed at increasing self-esteem among young people and promoting the well-being of nursing students.

An examination of the factor structure and preliminary assessment of the psychometric properties of a Hebrew translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely-used, 10-item measure of a core facet of positive body image. To extend its use internationally, we examined the factor structure and conducted a preliminary assessment of the psychometric properties of a novel Hebrew translation of the BAS-2. A sample of 613 Israeli adults (362 women, 251 men; age M = 29.52, SD = 9.47) completed the BAS-2 alongside demographic items and previously-validated measures of life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-compassion, and body investment. Exploratory factor analyses with a semi-random split-half subsample (n = 377) indicated that BAS-2 scores reduced to a single dimension with all 10 items. This factor structure was equivalent across women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a second split-half subsample (n = 235) showed the 1-dimensional factor structure had adequate fit following one modification and multi-group CFA showed that the model was invariant across sex. Men had significantly higher BAS-2 scores than women, but the effect size was small (d = 0.22). Evidence of construct validity was demonstrated through positive associations with indices of life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-compassion, and body investment. The availability of a validated BAS-2 Hebrew translation should advance future research of body appreciation in Israel.

The Transition of Care From Pediatric to Adult Health-Care Services of Vertically HIV-Infected Adolescents: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Clinical and psychological HIV-related problems peak during adolescence, which coincides with transition of children and adolescents infected from mothers from pediatric to adult reference centers for HIV infection. Transition often is done without specific programs. We wanted to explore transition as an opportunity to increase the efficacy of care and the psychological well-being through a specific program.Methods: Thirteen vertically infected patients aged 13–20 years were followed up for 24 months by pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, a psychologist, and a nurse. Interventions consisted in joint clinic, simplification of therapy, patient group discussions, HIV infection explanations, and psychological support, lasting 12 months. Efficacy was measured by viro-immunological outcomes and adherence to therapy and psychological tests. Clinical, viro-immunological, and psychological evaluations were performed at 0 (T0) and 12 months (T12) and 6 months after transition to an adult center (T18). Psychological outcomes were assessed using standardized questionnaires for quality of life and self-esteem.Results: In 11/13 participants, pills administrations/day were significantly reduced. Patients with undetectable viral load and CD4+ >25% increased from 61 to 77% and from 61 to 74%, respectively. Six months after transition, all patients exhibited an undetectable viral load. Adolescents' awareness of the severity of the disease and the risk of sexual transmission was generally poor. Patients classified with “severe” psychological distress according to the quality of life index decreased from 38 to 15% and well-being increased. Similar results were observed 6 months after the transition to adult care. No effect was observed on self-esteem index.Conclusions: Specific protocols for transition should be developed to optimize resilience and psychological well-being, including routine psychological support for adolescents with HIV infection transiting from pediatric to adult centers for HIV infection.

T232. PREMORBID SOCIAL FUNTIONING AND AFFECTIVE SYMTPOMS ARE RELATED TO SUBJECTIVE OUTCOME AMONG OUTPATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

BackgroundImproving the subjective outcome of patients should be an important target in the treatment of schizophrenia. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of determining factors, namely premorbid functioning, residual symptoms, and side effects of antipsychotic medication on subjective outcome.Methods70 outpatients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) who were clinically stable for a period of at least six months were included into a cross-sectional study. Premorbid functioning, psychopathology, and side effects were assessed by using the Premorbid Adjustment Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale, respectively. Subjective outcome was measured in terms of life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, LSQ), self-esteem (Index of Self-Esteem, ISE), and needs for care (Berliner Bedürfnisinventar, BeBI).ResultsBoth premorbid social functioning and affective symptoms correlated negatively with most life domains assessed by the LSQ as well as with self-esteem and were associated with less health, social, and functional needs. Concerning side effects, parkinsonism and akathisia showed a significant negative correlation with self-esteem.DiscussionOur results highlight the complex nature of subjective outcome in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Evidently, premorbid social functioning plays a prominent role in the experienced subjective outcome in the course of the illness. Furthermore, our findings underscore that constant efforts are essential to reduce depressive symptoms or anxiety in patients. Special attention should also be paid to extrapyramidal motor side effects of medication.

Means and methods of formation of organizational and managerial competence of a university teacher

The article reports the findings of the pilot research that investigates the development and testing of a system of tools and methods employed for formation of organizational and managerial competence of a university teacher. The tool for organizational and managerial competence formation analyzed herein is the additional professional program, i.e. “Educational Programs Management”, implemented at the Center for the Development of Professional Competencies of Samara University. The program is aimed at the development of organizational and managerial competence components (value-motivational, cognitive, design, expert), formation of students' readiness for effective interaction in the course of design and implementation of competitive educational programs. Educational Programs Management includes four sections: Economics of education: analysis and control of the financial and economic activities of higher educational organizations; Educational program management; Economics of educational program; The quality and competitiveness of the educational program. The content of sections and subsections of the program, training methods, ensuring the development of indicators of value-motivational, cognitive, design and expert components, were selected with due respect to the structure of the organizational and managerial competence being formed. It has been revealed that it is reasonable to use the methods as follows: ways of positive motivation formation (productive learning environment; diversity and inclusion; professional and personal achievements and accomplishments, etc.); interactive teaching methods (role-playing and business games, discussions, brainstorming, case studies, trainings, etc.); methods for the development of personal educational environment (the use of personal experience of teachers, self-reflection, self-knowledge, etc.). The research has confirmed the efficiency of the developed system of tools and methods under study, which has been developed for formation of organizational and managerial competence of university teachers based on the growth of the self-esteem index of its components and changes in the dominant indicators.

توکيد الذات وعلاقته بتقدير الذات لدى طالبات التربية العملية بجامعة أم القرى

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين توکيد الذات وتقدير الذات لدى طالبات التربية العملية بجامعة أم القرى، حيث طبق مقياس توکيد الذات لوولب ولازاروس (Wolpe & Lazarus, 1966)، تعريب غريب (1983)، ودليل تقدير الذات لهودسون (Hudson, 1994) تعريب الدسوقي (2004)، وذلک على عينة مکونة من (239) طالبة من طالبات التربية العملية بجامعة أم القرى، متوسط أعمارهن (25,15) وانحراف معياري (2,769). ودلت النتائج على وجود فروق في تقدير الذات بين منخفضي توکيد الذات وکل من متوسطي ومرتفعي توکيد الذات، في اتجاه منخفضي توکيد الذات الأقل تقديرا لذاتهم، وبين متوسطي ومرتفعي توکيد الذات في اتجاه متوسطي التوکيد الأقل تقديرا لذاتهم. کما کان مستوى توکيد الذات لأفراد العينة متوسطا، بينما کان تقدير الذات فوق المتوسط، کما استطاع توکيد الذات التنبؤ بتقدير الذات (0,505= β). الکلمات المفتاحية: توکيد الذات، التوکيدية، تقدير الذات. The relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem in female students enrolled in practicum education at Umm Al-Qura University Salwa Abdulmohsen Abdullah Al-Majnooni, (Ph.D) Assistant Professor of Psychology College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem in female students enrolled in practicum education at Umm Al-Qura University. The Assertiveness Scale developed by (Wolpe & Lazarus, 1966) (translated by Ghareeb, 1983) as well as the Index of Self Esteem (Hudson, 1994) (translated by Eldesoki, 2004) have been distributed to a sample consisting of (239) female students enrolled in the Practicum Education Course at Umm Al-Qura University (average age 25.15 and with a standard deviation of 2.769). Findings show that there are differences in the level of self-esteem between students with low assertiveness levels and between students with average and high assertiveness levels, where students with low assertiveness levels scored the lowest levels in self-esteem. Whereas students with average assertiveness levels scored lower levels in self-esteem compared to students with high assertiveness levels. The level of assertiveness for the members of the sample was average, whereas the level of self-esteem was above average. Moreover, assertiveness could predict self-esteem (β= 0.505). Keywords: Assertiveness, Self-Assertion, Self-Esteem

Students’ Attention to Lectures: Examining the Influence of Self-Esteem and Locus of Control

Observation has revealed that while lecture is going on, rather than paying attention, students engage themselves in irrelevant activities like fiddling with their mobile phones, sneaking out of lecture halls and so on. This study investigated the influence of Self-esteem and Locus of control on attention to lectures among undergraduates of Mass Communication department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. A sample size of 236 students were selected for the study from a population of 577 through simple random sampling method. The samples comprised of 04 (44.1%) males and 132(55.9%) females. Their age ranged from 17-32 years, with mean age of 22 and standard deviation of 2.86. Three scales were administered to the participants, which include Index of Self-Esteem by Hudson (1982), Locus of Control Internal- External scale by Rotter (1966), and Moss Attention Rating Scale by Whyte, Hart, Bode &amp; Male C(2003). Data were collected through survey method and was analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way analysis of Variance. The study tested three hypotheses, the ANOVA statistics revealed a significant influence of students’ self esteem on attention to Lectures F (1,232)= 5.72, P&lt;.05, and a non-significant influence of Locus of control on attention to Lectures F(1,232)= 1.01, P&gt;.05. These was a non-significant interaction effect of Self-esteem and Locus of control on attention to Lectures F(1,232)= .04,P&gt; .05. Based on the descriptive analysis, it was observed that students who scored high in their Self-esteem measures paid more attention to lectures than those who scored low. The researchers, among others, recommends that lecturers in tertiary institutions should employ teaching methods that will enhance students’ Self-esteem during learning. Keywords: Self-esteem, Locus, Control, Attention, Lectures. DOI : 10.7176/RHSS/9-16-03 Publication date : August 31 st 2019