Index Of Item-objective Congruence Research Articles

A Screening Tool for Patients With Lumbar Instability: A Content Validity and Rater Reliability of Thai Version

ObjectiveLumbar instability is a condition that has been extensively reported in its prevalence and its effect on patients. To date, however, a clinical screening tool for this condition has not been developed for use in Thailand. The objectives of this study were to translate and test the content validity and rater reliability of a screening tool for evaluating Thai patients with lumbar instability. MethodsThe investigators selected the lumbar instability questionnaire from an original English version. Elements of the tool comprised the dominant subjective findings reported by this clinical population. The screening tool was translated into the Thai language following a process of cross-cultural adaptation. The index of item-objective congruence (IOC) was checked for content validity by 5 independent experts. Seventy-five Thai patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were asked to report their symptoms. The interview procedure using the tool was conducted by expert and novice physical therapists, which informed the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter- and intrarater reliability. ResultsThe IOC was 0.95. The interrater ICC between expert and novice physical therapists was 0.92 (95% CI = 0.88-0.95). The intrarater ICC of novice physical therapist was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.86-0.94). ConclusionThe Thai version of the screening tool for patients with lumbar instability achieved excellent content validity and interrater and intrarater reliability. This screening tool is recommended for use with Thai patients with low back pain to identify the subpopulation with lumbar instability.

The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Visuospatial Working Memory Assessment (VWMA) for Children.

The visuospatial working memory plays a crucial role in the occupational performance of children including daily living and academic achievement. Unfortunately, relevant visuospatial working memory tests in the occupational therapy setting are lacking. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to develop new assessment tools in this area. The present study is aimed at summarizing the development of the visuospatial working memory assessment (VWMA) and assessing its psychometric properties. The results revealed that the score of item-objective congruence index (IOC) was 1.0 in overall items of assessment. The Cronbach alpha test confirmed that the internal consistency of VWMA showed good reliability in both types of the assessment, with the total score of computerized tests being .88 and the tabletop tests being .81. The computerized test was found to have excellent test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging from .88 to .99. The tabletop test was found to have a fair to good test-retest reliability with the ICC values ranging from .51 to .63. As regards construct validity, the results revealed that the tasks in the computerized test identified a significant difference between the control group, normal children, and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group. The exception to this was the N-back task in which the independent sample t-test of computerized test ranged from 1.61 to 6.23. The results of the tabletop test revealed a significant difference between normal children and the children in the ADHD group over all tasks in which the independent sample t-test ranged from 3.05 to 8.40. In conclusion, good psychometric properties established as regards content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity provide evidence to support the position that the new VWMA is appropriate for children.

Thai translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS).

Translation and adaptation study. To translate and cross culturally adapt the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS) English version into Thai, and to examine content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A tertiary rehabilitation center in Thailand. The SCI-FCS was translated into Thai and culturally translated according to guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Content validity was examined by the Index of item-objective congruence (IOC). Moreover, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models (3, 1), respectively. Three items were modified to accommodate cultural differences. After synthesis and cross adaptation, the IOC was 1.0. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88 (range 0.86-0.89) and the ICC of total scores was 0.99 (P < 0.001, range of the subitems 0.98-1). In addition, items that Thai participants scored as being the highest concern of falling were item 13: pushing wheelchair up/down gutters or curbs, item 14: pushing wheelchair up/down a slope, and item 12: pushing wheelchair on an uneven surface. The SCI-FCS-Thai version is a reliable and valid outcome measure for assessing concern about falling in wheelchair users with SCI in Thailand.

ความสัมพันธ์เชิงสาเหตุของปัจจัยจิตลักษณะและสถานการณ์ในการทำงานที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมป้องกันอันตรายจากการทำงาน ประเภทก่อสร้างของแรงงานไทย (The Causal Relationship of Psychological Factor and Work Condition Influence to Self-Protective Behavior in Construction Type of Thai Workers)

Thai Abstract: การวจยมวตถประสงค 1) ศก ษาสภาพการณ ปจ จย ตว ชว ด พฤตก รรมปองกน อน ตรายจากการทางาน 2) วเคราะหตรวจสอบความสอดคลอ งแบบจาลองความสม พน ธเ ชง สาเหตพฤตก รรมปองกน อน ตรายจากการทางาน ทผวจยสรางขนกบขอมลเชงประจกษ กลมตวอยาง คอ แรงงานกอสรางระดบไรฝมอ กรงเทพมหานครและปรมณฑล ตวแปร ไดแกพฤตก รรมปองกน อน ตรายจากการทางาน การรบ รค วามสามารถของตนเอง ความมเ หตมผ ล การรบ รค วามเสย งสภาพการท างาน เกบขอมลโดยใชแบบสอบถามทผานการตรวจสอบความเทยงตรงเชงเนอหา (IOC) อ านาจจ าแนก ความเชอมน ความเทยงตรงเชงโครงสราง องคประกอบเชงยนยน อทธพลทางตรง ทางออม ทางรวม และความสอดคลองกบขอมลเชงประจกษ ผลวจยพบวา แบบจ าลองความสมพนธเชงสาเหตมความสอดคลองกบขอมลเชงประจกษ โดยมคาสถตไค-สแควร ไมมนยส าคญทางสถตทระดบ 0.05 คาสถตไค-สแควรตอองศาความเปนอสระมากกวา 2 (  2 442.07, df = 233, P-value = 0.00) คาดชนรากก าลงสองเฉลยของคาความแตกตางโดยประมาณ (RMSEA) มคาเทากบ 0.05 คาดชนวดระดบความกลมกลน (GFI) เทากบ 0.92 ดชนวดระดบความกลมกลนทปรบแกแลว (AGFI)เทากบ 0.89 สรปวา ดชนสอดคลองกบขอมลเชงประจกษ ดงนนผวจยจงไมมการปรบสมการโครงสราง ตวแปรพฤตกรรมปองกน อน ตรายจากการทางานไดรบ อท ธพลทางตรงมากทสดจากตวแปรเจตคตตอพฤตกรรมปองกนอนตรายจากการท างาน และไดรบอทธพลทางออมจากตวแปรการรบรความเสยงสภาพการท างาน English Abstract: In this research, the researcher investigates 1) condition and factors of self-protective behavior and constructs 2) a causal relationship model for the purpose of analyzing the causal relationship on the selfprotective behavior and ascertains the validity of the model by testing the goodness of fit between the model and pertinent empirical data. The sample populations were unskilled construction workers who worked in Bangkok metropolitan region. There are five latent variables, viz., self-protective behavior, perceived selfefficacy, reasonableness, perceived risk in work condition. Data were collected using a questionnaire tested for content validity. The item-objective congruence index (IOC), discrimination and reliability. Construct validity was confirmed by an application of confirmatory factor analysis and analyses were conducted yielding direct, indirect and total effects and the model congruence with empirical data. The research results indicated that the model exhibited congruence with empirical data. Goodness of fit measures was found to be:2 is statistically insignificant level at p = 0.05; degrees of freedom were less than 2 (2 =442.07, df = 233, P-value= 0.00); root mean square error of approximation (RMSEM) = 0.05; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.92; adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) =0.89. The certain indices exhibited congruence with the empirical data. Therefore, the researcher did not adjust the structural equation of the research hypotheses. The variable of self-protective behaviors received direct influence at the highest level from the variable of attitudes towards behaviors and received indirect influence from the variable of the perceived risk of the work conditions

Perspective Electrical Circuit Simulation with Virtual Reality

Focusing on electrical circuits as the topic for a STEM project, this research aims to develop virtual reality media for student learning. Using virtual reality media to perform STEM electrical circuit activities, data was collected and analyzed. The virtual reality media was then evaluated by five experts who used the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) to assess its effectiveness, where the IOC for each criteria was 0.8 or higher. Moreover, after evaluating it with the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), the arithmetic mean of its effectiveness on the diffusion of innovation was 4.32, with a 0.48 standard deviation. This demonstrates that the use of virtual reality media was a beneficial innovation at a high level. Afterwards, the developed virtual reality media was evaluated by a sample of 30 subjects in the areas of VR features, usability, learning experience, and VR measurement outcomes. The findings show that its arithmetic mean was 4.67 with a 0.47 standard deviation, meaning the developed virtual reality media was an effective for electrical circuit learning at the highest level. Furthermore, after evaluating its effectiveness in the area of information technology acceptance, it was found that, for these criteria, the arithmetic mean was 4.64 with a standard deviation of 0.48. This indicates that the subjects generally accepted the use of virtual reality media for use in learning STEM activities at the highest level. It can be said that the development of the virtual reality media for learning STEM activities with a focus on electrical circuits enhances the learning process of the learners who confirmed such statements at the highest level, with an increase in subject understanding of the learning activity and self-satisfaction, while at the same time reducing the prejudice learners have towards the study of electrical circuit installation.

Do You Like My English? Thai Students’ Attitudes Towards Five Different Asian Accents

This research aims to explore how Thai speakers of English perceive their Asian peers’ accented English and evaluate the acceptability of their accents namely Burmese English, Chinese English, Indian English, Japanese English, and Vietnamese English. The participants were eighty undergraduate students at an International University in Thailand where English is used as a medium of instruction. They were asked to listen to five recorded speech extracts taken from five different intermediate-level reading passages. A triangulated study is used to examine the data from different angle including a questionnaire survey in a Likert-type scale and a follow-up semi-structured interview. The Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient were also applied to assure the content validity of the research methodology. The results in this study indicated that Thai student participants were easily able to identify that five speakers were all non-native speakers of English. The majority preferred Indian accented English to other accented Englishes. Most participants showed negative attitudes towards Japanese and Burmese accented English. It is somewhat conclusive that the participants still believe that a native-like accent is overvalued their perceived English accents.

Do you Like My English? Thai Students’ Attitudes towards Five Different Asian Accents

This research aims to explore how Thai speakers of English perceive their Asian peers’ accented English and evaluate the acceptability of their accents namely Burmese English, Chinese English, Indian English, Japanese English, and Vietnamese English. The participants were eighty undergraduate students at an International University in Thailand where English is used as a medium of instruction. They were asked to listen to five recorded speech extracts taken from five different intermediate-level reading passages. A triangulated study is used to examine the data from different angle including a questionnaire survey in a Likert-type scale and a follow-up semi-structured interview. The Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient were also applied to assure the content validity of the research methodology. The results in this study indicated that Thai student participants were easily able to identify that five speakers were all non-native speakers of English. The majority preferred Indian accented English to other accented Englishes. Most participants showed negative attitudes towards Japanese and Burmese accented English. It is somewhat conclusive that the participants still believe that a native-like accent is overvalued their perceived English accents.

Development and assessment of the content validity of the professional good practices scale in nursing homes.

Recent approaches in the care of older people have led to a greater emphasis on good practices to prevent elder abuse. The instruments assessing good practices are very limited, and those focused on elder abuse have rarely considered subtle forms, especially in institutional settings. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the content validity of a good practices scale for professionals working in nursing homes. An extensive literature review of the tools assessing professionals' good-bad practices towards older people was conducted. A preliminary scale based on Kayser-Jones' (1990) [Old, Alone and Neglected: Care of the Aged in Scotland and the United States. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press] types of abuse was developed, including four subscales: Personalization, Humanization, Absence of Infantilization, and Absence of Victimization. Content validity was analyzed through a panel of eight experts. Rovinelli and Hambleton's index of item-objective congruence was used to analyze the items' inclusiveness in the assigned subscale to establish their representativeness. Items' relevance and clarity were analyzed using the paired comparison method. The final version of the scale included 56 items, with appropriate levels of item objective-congruence, relevance, and clarity. This instrument will allow professionals to detect and develop awareness and intervention programs that aim to promote good practices in nursing homes.

The Augmented Reality for Teaching Thai Students about the Human Heart

Biology is a science about living organisms. Organisms have complex systems consisting of complex organs. Focusing on the human body, if the organ or its structure is visually presented, the learners are more likely to understand it and its function. This research aims to explore the bilingual (Thai and English language), development of an augmented reality tool for use in teaching students about the human heart. The augmented reality application was evaluated by five experts, who analyzed its content consistency by using the Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), and the content validity index (CVI), indicating that the augmented reality can be used for publicizing. A sample of 30 subjects were evaluated after AR training. It was determined that the learning result post AR obtained higher ratings when compared with the ratings prior to the use of augmented reality tool. The before and after augmented reality learning results were analyzed for statistical significance at p value &lt; 0.001 with the use of a T-Test. Afterwards, the effectiveness of the tool was evaluated by users focusing on the acceptance of the augmented reality tool to teach the anatomy of the heart; the evaluation of which was based on the theory of Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in which the results of the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation were 4.65 and 0.48, respectively. This demonstrated that the users generally accepted the augmented reality tool to teach about the heart at the highest level.

Exploring Bedroom Usability and Accessibility in Parkinson's Disease (PD): The Utility of a PD Home Safety Questionnaire and Implications for Adaptations.

Although bedrooms are identified as a major location for accidents among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, there are no studies that specifically evaluate the bedroom environments of PD patients. To examine the physical bedroom environment of patients with PD by generating a home safety questionnaire to rate bedroom accessibility and usability specifically for PD patients, and piloting it in a small set of PD patients, to identify environmental barriers and recommend adaptations to reduce accident risks. Questionnaire development was based on the concept of Personal (P)-Environmental (E) fit. The P component covers five clinical domains that contribute to a patients' current state of health, including PD-related motor symptoms, PD-related non-motor symptoms, gait and balance impairments, comorbidities, and limitations on specific activities. The E component focuses on both indoor (bedroom, bathroom, living room, stairs, and kitchen), and outdoor (outdoor area and entrance) areas within a home where PD patients commonly get injured. Total score for the whole questionnaire is 171. A higher score indicates more P-E problems. Comprehension of questions was tested for content validity with an item-objective congruence index of above 0.6 for all items. High internal consistency (reliability) was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.828 (r). The pilot in five PD patients gave a mean total score of 48.2 ± 7.29 with a mean score on personal and environmental components of 16.8 ± 5.12 and 31.4 ± 4.51, respectively. This PD home safety questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for examining P-E problems by a multidisciplinary team during their home visits. More studies, involving a large number of PD patients, are needed to establish its utility as a screening instrument in PD patients to assess for home adaptations.

Development of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitude of Obesity and Weight Loss in Thai Overweight/Obese Medical Students: The Pilot Study

Background: Medical students who will grow up as physicians will be role models for patients in health behaviors. However, some medical students are still overweight or obese. A weight reduction program can both decrease weight and change attitude about obesity and losing weight. Unfortunately, there is no validated questionnaire to measure knowledge and attitude about obesity and weight loss for our medical students. Objective: To develop a questionnaire for evaluation of knowledge and attitude toward obesity and weight loss in Thai overweight/obese medical students. Methods: We developed the questionnaire using Health Belief Model under consultation of two experts in obesity, biostatistics and epidemiology. Validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by the index of item-objective congruence under supervision of five experts. This pilot study was performed to test the internal consistency and reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Twenty-seven medical students who self-reported as overweight or obese were included in this study. Results: A fifty-seven items questionnaire using five-point Likert scale was developed with the index of item-objective congruence of all items in presented questionnaire more than 60%. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of all domains were in the range of 0.74-0.90 and overall standardized Cronbach’s coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.87. The average inter-item correlation of each domain was in acceptable range (0.21-0.62) although; those of the total scale were 0.12. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of this questionnaire were acceptable to be used for assessment of knowledge and attitude of obesity and losing weight in Thai overweight or obese medical students.

Development of a resilience scale for Thai substance-dependent women: A mixed methods approach.

The purpose of this study was to develop a resilience scale based on the experiences of substance-dependent women in Thailand and evaluate its validity and reliability. A sequential exploratory mixed methods design was employed as the main methodology to develop the resilience scale according to the results from qualitative data by analyzing focus group discussions of 13 participants. Then, the scale was administered to 252 substance-dependent women from four substance-treatment centers. The psychometric properties were explored with an index of item objective congruence (IOC), Pearson correlation, second-order confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to estimate the quantitative data. The qualitative results showed that resilience is defined by three themes: individual, family and community factors, consisted of 13 different categories. The quantitative results also revealed that all 71 items in the resilience scale passed the IOC criteria, convergence and construct validity. The goodness-of-fit indices demonstrated that the resilience model was consistent with the empirical data. (Chi-square=74.28, df=59, p-value=0.08, RMSEA=0.03, SRMR=0.04, NNFI=0.99, CFI=0.99, GFI=0.96). The internal consistency, assessed by a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.92, can be interpreted as demonstrating high reliability. Furthermore, the structure of the resilience scale was confirmed by the available resilience literature. This study can help clinicians gain a more comprehensive understanding regarding the complex process of resilience among substance-dependent women and aid them in providing these women with the appropriate interventions.

Satisfaction of Imaging Report Rendered in Emergency Setting: A Survey of Radiology and Referring Physicians

To determine physicians' preference toward three types of structured imaging reports (basic structured report [BSR], itemized report [IR], and point-and-click report [PCR]) used in emergency radiology. Survey questions were created and considered valid and reliable based on index of item objective congruence from three specialists (>0.75) and a pilot of 25 subjects (Cronbach alpha, 0.83-1.00). Respondents included trainees and attendings in radiology and referring physicians working in the academic emergency department at the time of survey rollout. They were provided report examples of each type and asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of the following five parts: demographics, necessity of imaging report, report quality (content, format and organization, and language), process of reporting, and components of imaging report. For rating scores, the higher value means the higher preference and agreement. The survey received 79.5% response rate. Respondents included 101 physicians (mean age, 29.4 years; 61 radiology physicians and 40 referring physicians; 81 trainees and 20 attending). Overall, IR was preferred over PCR and BSR by all physicians with scores (out of 10) as follows: IR, 7.62-8.83; PCR, 6.62-8.55; BSR, 5.23-6.65; P < .001. IR received scores (out of 5) of 4.03-4.37, PCR 3.32-4.52, and BSR 2.59-3.86 for report quality. For process of reporting, IR had scores (out of 5) of 3.80-4.56, PCR 2.79-4.09, and BSR 2.32-3.56. In emergency setting, physicians preferred IR over PCR and BSR. IR and PCR were equal in report quality metrics, but IR was most preferred in the process of reporting. BSR ranked last in both quality and process.

Estimación de la Validez de Contenido en una Escala de Valoración del Grado de Violencia de Género Soportado en Adolescentes [Estimate of the Content Validity on a Scale to Assess Gender Violence Rating Supported in Adolescents

This research aims for two achievements; the creation of some tool for the measurement of the domestic violence that teenage girls tolerate and the study of the efficacy of ratings of this instrument. Therefore, we have started from all dimensions that conform the concept of domestic violence: physical, psychological, social and sexual violence. On the other hand, in order to calculate the efficiency of the ratings, we have employed Aiken’s V content validity coefficient, Lawshe’s validity content ratio and Osterlind’s item-objective congruence index. The results let us conclude that such coefficients are suitable to determine this kind of validity, for it offers values which are able to be statistically matched depending on the size of the sample of selected judges. It has also been designed a 21 item instrument with very good content validity values in order to measure the degree of domestic violence tolerated by teenagers.

Analysis on the Correlation between Scores in Nursing Practices Given by Nursing Supervisory Instructors and Clinical Instructors of the Royal Thai Navy College of Nursing

This is a descriptive research aiming at studying the scoring system of nursing supervisory instructors and clinical nursing instructors in practical application sessions and investigating the correlation between scores given by the two groups. The subjects were nursing supervisory instructors and clinical nursing instructors on wards involved in the practical application sessions of Nursing Care for Persons with Health Deviation II. The six subjects were randomly selected from three wards. The research tool was a 20-item, 5-point scale evaluation form of practical application sessions in Nursing Care for Persons with Health Deviation II. The content validity was validated by an item-objective congruence index which ranged from .67 – 1.00; data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and inter-rater reliability was tested by an intraclass correlation coefficient. The results showed that the intraclass correlation coefficient between the 6 nursing supervisory instructors and clinical nursing instructors was at .441; there was one item with zero variance, and 6 items with a negative correlation coefficient. The intraclass correlation coefficient among the nursing supervisory instructors was higher than that among the clinical nursing instructors (ICC

The cross-cultural adaptation of the DASH questionnaire in Thai (DASH-TH)

Study designClinical measurement. IntroductionCurrently there are no self-report questionnaires in Thai to evaluate disability levels in patients suffering from upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Purpose of the studyTo translate and cross-cultural adaptation the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire to Thai version and to evaluate content validity, construct validity and internal consistency of the questionnaire. MethodsThe DASH-TH was produced by following cross-cultural adaptation guidelines stated by the Institute for Work and Health (IWH). Forty Thai patients with arm, shoulder or hand problems participated in field testing of the questionnaire. Content validity was determined by obtaining the item-objective congruence (IOC) value for each questionnaire item. Correlation between the DASH-TH score and numeric rating scale was used to assess construct validity. Internal consistency of DASH-TH was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. ResultsForty patients (14 males, 26 females) with arm, shoulder or hand problems enrolled in the present study. The average age of patients was 44.8 years. The index of item-objective congruence (IOC) of each item ranged from 0.7 to 1.0. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.938. There was no correlation between DASH-TH score and numeric rating scale. ConclusionThe DASH-TH has high content validity and internal consistency. Level of evidenceN/A.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Relating to Fire Prevention among Students in the Elementary Schools of Muang Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

In 2010, the department of disaster prevention and mitigation, Thailand reported that during 2006 – 2010 the statistics of fire in temples, schools and offices was increasing every year. Only in 2010, there was 80 cases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the students in thirty two elementary schools toward fire prevention. Verbal consent was taken from the students who were willing to participate in the study. Six hundred and thirty students were 359 female, 266 male and 5 not identified. The mean of age of the studied subjects was 11.09±1.07 and ranged from 6 to 13 years. These students completed questionnaire which was designed by the researchers and evaluated by the institute members of occupational health and safety department. The content validity of item-objective congruence index (IOC) is 0.83 which means the consistent questions with the objectives. The collection data were analyzed by 2-independent samples test and Pearson Chi-square (p

Selection of Warehouse Location along the R3A Route of Lao People's Democratic Republic by Analytic Hierarchy Process

This study is intended (1) to study the factor structure of the selection of suitable warehouse site along the R3A, (2) to evaluate the weightings of the factors in the selection of suitable warehouse site by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and (3) to determine a suitable warehouse site along the R3A between Bokeo Province and Luang Namtha Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The researchers have chosen 18 factors from 7 researches on warehouse site selection and put the 18 factors through the process of calculating the index of item-objective congruence (IOC) by interviewing experts. As a result, only 16 factors remained to be analysed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Via the AHP, the weightings of each factor in the determination of the most suitable warehouse location has been assessed; the factor group of costs weighed the highest at 40.35%, followed by the marketing group at 21.68%, being the second, and the labour group at 14.76%, being the third. Furthermore, the factor groups of environment and infrastructure weighed at 12.68% and 10.53%, ranked the fourth and the fifth highest respectively. As for the experts’ conclusion on selecting the location, the warehouse site suitability of Bokeo Province was topmost determined at 54.90%, while the Luang Namtha Province was assessed at 44.69%.

Indexes of Item-Objective Congruence for Multidimensional Items

The index of item-objective congruence developed by Rovinelli and Hambleton (1977) is a procedure used in test development for evaluating content validity at the item development stage. This measure is limited to the assessment of unidimensional items or items that measure specified composites of skills. In modern test development, items are sometimes developed to be multidimensional assessments or measures of multiple combinations of skills. The purpose of this research is to provide a mathematical extension to the Rovinelli and Hambleton index that is applicable for the multidimensional case.

Examining Content Validity through the Use of Content Experts

The most often-used and practical approach to the content validation of occupational therapy assessments involves the use of content experts. Few procedures exist, however, to quantify these judgments. This article briefly reviews the literature on the examination of content validity through the use of expert judgment and describes a method for data collection and analysis with the index of item-objective congruence. This index permits the examination of content validity at the item, subtest, and test levels. Its strengths, as well as concerns regarding its use, are discussed.