Index Of Item-objective Congruence Research Articles

A need analysis of English proficiency in engineering graduates: perspectives of the world’s leading companies in Thailand

ABSTRACT This study examines the crucial role of English proficiency in engineering careers, specifically within multinational corporations, addressing disparities between industry expectations and graduates’ language skills in non-native English-speaking countries. It aims to bridge this gap by aligning engineering English courses with international job market demands. Focusing on leading Thai companies with global headquarters, the investigation employs various techniques, including interviews, the index of item-objective congruence, the analytic hierarchy process, the analysis of variance, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and a matrix plot. The comprehensive gap analysis highlights verbal communication skills as highly valued by engineering firms, emphasising adjustments in English curricula towards listening and speaking skills, with reading and writing skills constituting a smaller portion. Cross-regional consistency in skill importance is confirmed, facilitating generalisable conclusions. The research underlines the necessity for universities to improve students’ abilities in technical conversations, presentations, and negotiations through tailored lesson plans aligned with industry requirements.

21st Century Entrepreneurial Skills Development of Community Enterprises Chainat Province

Aims: This study intended to assess and enhance the importance of entrepreneurial skills for community enterprises in Chainat Province in the 21st century. Study Design: This study used a mixed method approach, combining qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews with quantitative data gained using a questionnaire developed from the qualitative results. Place and Duration of Study: A sample of 400 community entrepreneurs in Chainat Province was chosen using cluster sampling and random selection techniques, between December 2021 and November 2022. Methodology: The qualitative research tool differs from the quantitative research tool. The questionnaire in quantitative research should have an Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) above 0.6 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. Results: During the COVID-19 period, the qualitative research revealed that the majority of issues are marketing-related. Hence, they require marketing technologies. The quantitative research results indicated significant progress in two categories of entrepreneurial skills in the 21st century: innovation skills and marketing-related life and career skills. The other discoveries included educational materials tailored for modern-day business owners, catering to a range of learning styles. The text covered essential entrepreneurial skills for local businesses, sales promotion techniques, public relations strategies to acquire specific customers, sales negotiating skills, maintaining product branding, and developing new sales tactics. Conclusion: The study discovered that entrepreneurs in Chainat Province aspire to enhance their entrepreneurial abilities in the 21st century, particularly focusing on developing innovative skills and life and career skills

Validity and reliability of the Balance Error Score System (BESS) Thai version in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain.

Neck pain has been found to affect the somatosensory system, which can lead to impaired balance control. To assess the balance of patients with neck pain and other conditions, the balance error scoring system (BESS) is commonly used as a static balance measurement tool. However, this tool is seldom used in Thailand due to its English language format. To translate and determine the content, convergent validity, and reliability of a Thai version of the BESS tool. A process of cross-cultural adaptation was utilized to translate BESS into a Thai version, called BESS-TH. To assess content validity, five physical therapy lecturers specializing in the musculoskeletal field used BESS to measure balance in participants with neck pain. For the convergent validity process, 130 patients diagnosed with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP) were randomly assessed using four static balance tests (BESS, Single-leg balance test (SLBT), Romberg test, and Tandem stance test). For reliability, two assessors with varying years of work experience independently assessed videos of the participants twice using the BESS-TH, with a minimum 7-day interval between assessments. The BESS-TH used to assess balance of patients with neck pain demonstrated acceptable content validity (index of item objective congruence (IOC) = 0.87). The Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was calculated between the BESS-TH and three other measures: the SLBT with eyes open and eyes closed, the Romberg test with eyes open and eyes closed, and the Tandem stance test with eyes open and Tandem stance test with eyes closed. The values obtained were as follows: -0.672, -0.712, -0.367, -0.529, -0.570, and -0.738, respectively. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were 0.922 (95% CI = 0.864-0.956) and 0.971 (95% CI = 0.950-0.983), respectively. Minimum detectable change (MDC) for the total BESS score of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were 7.16 and 4.34 points, respectively. The BESS-Thai version was acceptable, reliable, and valid for evaluating balance performance in patients with CNSNP. This tool can be used and applied to clinically evaluate postural control in Thailand.

Challenges and Benefits of Developing CEFR for Languages-Aligned Writing Assessments for Thai EFL Learners: A Case Study on Yala Rajabhat University Test of English Proficiency

This research aims to explore the development of the local standardized tests, Yala Rajabhat University Test of English Proficiency or YRU-TEP, tailored to specific regions, and explore the test aligning with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages compared to another standardized test, English Discoveries. This study focuses on the context of Thai English as a foreign language learners’ context. To write the test items, Can-Do statements were employed as the expert panel discussed and agreed on the objectives of each skill assessed in each item. In contrast, each item was evaluated through the Index of Item Objective Congruence by the experts. Three hundred experimental groups of test takers have been involved through purposive random sampling. To explore if the YRU-TEP aligns with the CEFR proficiency levels, another standardized test, English Discoveries developed by the ETS has been employed. The experimental test takers took both tests, and the scores were calculated following the cutoff scores to see if they were equivalent. The results showed that 98.67% of the scores had equally the same CEFR levels. However, challenges exist in implementing CEFR-aligned writing assessments in this context. Addressing these challenges involves adapting CEFR to the Thai context, ensuring cultural relevance, refining assessment criteria, and effective resource management. This endeavor contributes to standardizing language proficiency assessment practices and enhancing the quality of EFL education, especially in the case of local tests like the YRU-TEP.

Development and survey of a questionnaire to measure parental perceptions of childhood defecation and constipation

BackgroundThere are insufficient data and measuring tools for parental perception of defecation and constipation in Thai children. The primary objective of this study was to develop a tool to measure parental perceptions towards defecation and constipation in children. The secondary objective was to identify parental understanding and misconceptions about these issues. MethodsThe authors developed a questionnaire in three domains: knowledge, attitude, and practice. Content validity was evaluated using the item-objective congruence index (IOC) by five experts. The reliability of the measure was assessed based on both internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Then, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on Thai parents at pediatric outpatient clinics and wards in Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. ResultsThe authors developed a first draft questionnaire consisting of 31 items, which were categorized into three domains of knowledge, attitude, and practice. During expert validation, five items were disqualified. To assess the questionnaire's reliability, Cronbach's alpha value was calculated and found to be 0.229 for the original questionnaire. However, after removing irrelevant questions, Cronbach's alpha value increased to 0.511 for an 18-item questionnaire. The adjusted questionnaire demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.91). The survey with 306 parents revealed parental misconceptions about the pathophysiology of stool withholding, stool soiling indicating constipation, toilet training after meals, and monitoring bowel movements. ConclusionThe developed questionnaire helps to assess parental perception regarding defecation and constipation in Thai children. Based on the survey results, the authors suggest that parental education on these issues is still necessary.

Mediating the Drive: How Brand Image Shapes the Adoption of Technology and Innovation in Bangkok's Electric Vehicle Market

Background and Aim: The electric vehicle (EV) market in Bangkok has evolved driven by environmental concerns, urban congestion, government incentives, charging infrastructure development, and consumer preferences, making it a promising contributor to a cleaner and sustainable urban mobility landscape. This research explores the dynamics of technological acceptance, innovation, brand image, and decision-making in the context of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Therefore, this research can be used as a guideline for policymakers, marketers, and industry stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable and technologically advanced transportation solutions. Materials and Methods: The study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire-based survey method, and targets a sample of 200 participants residing in Bangkok with prior knowledge of electric vehicles. Following the principles outlined by Gorsuch (1983), simple random sampling was applied. The index of item-objective congruence (IOC) was between 0.67-1.00. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was between 0.835 - 0.919. Statistical analysis techniques encompassing percentages, averages, standard deviations, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed. Results: The findings of this research reveal that individuals possessing knowledge about electric cars exhibit a significantly high level of acceptance regarding technology, innovation, brand image, and decision-making. Also, they all have high scores in every aspect with a mean of 3.97, 3.81, 3.87, and 3.98, as well as standard deviations of 0.792, 0.764, 0.690, and 0.652, respectively. Furthermore, the study elucidates the factors influencing decision-making (DM) regarding electric vehicle purchases, with technology acceptance (TA) and innovation (IN) emerging as critical determinants. Both TA and IN exert direct effects on DM with values equal to 0.122 and 0.241. Additionally, these factors indirectly impact DM with values equal to 0.159 and 0.495, respectively, which underscore their multifaceted roles in shaping consumer choices. Importantly, TA and IN also have a direct effect of 0.270 and 0.840 on brand image. Notably, brand image has a direct effect on DM with values of 0.589. Conclusion: The findings underscore the significance of informed consumer knowledge and positive brand image in fostering the adoption of electric vehicles, aligning with the broader societal goal of sustainable and environmentally conscious mobility solutions.

O.4.3-11 The integration of Brain Gym Principle with Aerobic Dance for developing a new physical education instruction

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to demonstrate a new Physical Education (PE) instruction by integrating the concept of Brain Gym (BY) Principles with Aerobic Dance (AD) to enhance cognitive and physical movement skills in secondary school students. Methods The study was a systematic documentary research by reviewing BY and AD related research paper. The inclusion criteria for selecting documents were reliability, representativeness, and meaning. These findings were reviewed using five experts in Physical education, brain gym, and aerobics dance exercise. The Item Objective Congruence Index (IOC) was certified with IOC=1, as the basis for considering and rechecking the results of the study. Results The new PE instruction composes of five steps: 1) introducing, reviewing, and checking the readiness of learning; 2) instructing, demonstrating, and rechecking; 3) practicing the brain and physical movement; 4) concluding and reflecting; and 5) cool down. Moreover, the learning activities should include four groups of the mix in low and high impact aerobics dance movements which were 1) Cross over; 2) Lengthening; 3) Energizing; and 4) Useful movement. Conclusions The brain gym principles benefits learner in cognitive function, which enhancing in learning, communication ability, attention, memory, academic performance. While aerobic dance activity helps learners to improve the physical movement abilities, increases blood circulation, decreasing cholesterol levels, and enjoyment in learning. This research demonstrates the process of developing a new PE approach using documentary research qualifies by PE expertise and found that the new approach composed of five step and must be adapted brain gym and aerobic exercises principles. Hence, this new PE teaching approach have been implemented using quasi-experimental research and approved to publish in a qualifies publisher in Thailand.

Causal Factors of Enhancing Employee Loyalty towards Organization

The objectives of the study were 1) to study “casual” factors enhancing employee loyalty towards organization, and 2) to develop a structural equation model of factors enhancing employee loyalty towards organization. The quantitative and qualitative research methods were implemented in this study. The quantitative data were collected from the interviews of 500 industrial business executives. The findings indicated that the significance levels of employee loyalty towards organization were high in all aspects. The highest significance level of leadership was that the executives provided a work manual describing the structure of work. The highest significance level of labor union was that the organizations provided proper cost-of-living and fringe benefits for employees. The highest significance level of organizational commitment was that the employees always maintained their organizational values. The hypothesis testing revealed that the small, medium, and large enterprises differently focused on the enhancement of employee loyalty towards organization at statistical significance level of .05. The results of structural equation model analysis showed that it passed the evaluation criteria with empirical data congruence including Chi-square probability of 0.699, relative Chi-square of 0.940, index of item objective congruence of 0.970, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.000.

The Development of Integrated Science Process Skills Test in Research and Knowledge Formation the Lower Secondary Students

The purposes of this research is to: 1) to create an integrated science process skill test, in Research and Knowledge Formation for lower secondary students. 2) to examine the quality of the integrated science process skill test scale and 3) to find a cut-off score and create a manual for using the integrated science process skill measurement in research and knowledge formation for lower secondary students. The sample group in this research was a 950 lower secondary students in the world-class International standard school under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 17 in 2nd semester, academic year 2018, selected by simple random sampling technique. The instrument used in the research was the multiple choice with 4 options for 40 items. The results of this research were as follow: the content validity of integrated science process skill measurement test was at a good quality whit the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) was at .67-1.00, the item difficulty was between .30-.80, the item discrimination was between .20-.67, the reliability of the test was at .93. The concurrent validity by Pearson’s correlation coefficient was .88 and structural straightness found that the model of integrated science process skills measurement test in research and knowledge creation agreed with empirical data. The Chi-square 1067.39, (p = .00), RMSEA = .033, GFI = .91, AGFI = .90, CFI = .99 and RMR = .009. The cut-off score of the integrated science process skill test scale in research and knowledge formation for lower secondary students, based on Angkoff's method of scoring cut points was at 23 points out of 40 full points.

Effect of the basic speech and language therapy guidebook for aphasia patients to improve language and speaking skills: A trial phase

Background: Aphasia patients should receive intensive speech therapy in order to recover their speech and language skills for optimal results. However, there are numerous limitations. One of which is the scarcity of speech and language pathologists. Thus, this research aimed to utilize the speech and language therapy guidebook for aphasia patients which can be used by caregivers to help those with aphasia at home. This guidebook will increase the comprehension and frequency of therapy. Objectives: Firstly, to develop and study the content validity of the interview form for explicit problems and the satisfaction survey of the guidebook. Secondly, to conduct a pilot study for using the basic speech and language therapy guidebook at home. Limitations and caregivers’ suggestions from using this guidebook had been studied by the interview method. Materials and methods: This study consisted of 2 steps: The first step was the development of the interview form for explicit problems and the satisfaction survey of the guidebook. The second step was applying the guidebook with 3 aphasic clients by their caregivers for a week. Information from the first step was analyzed for content validity. The information from the second step was analyzed to explore the problems that occurred by using descriptive statistics. Results: In the first step, the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) from 5 experts for the interview form and satisfaction survey showed total scores of 0.975 and 1, respectively, revealing that the content validity was acceptable. In the second step, the information from 3 samples showed problems with a lack of understanding concerning the use of the guidebook (100%). The reflection by 2 caregivers (67%) who undertook the training as assigned found that the guidebook could help develop the speech and language skills of the samples. For the practice benefits, 3 caregivers (100%) reflected that the guidebook facilitated self-therapy and provided them and the clients with more frequent, more convenient, and easier-to-follow instructions. They were satisfied with the guidebook but offered minor suggestions, such as making the book smaller, correcting for typos, and adding more exercises. Conclusion: The guidebook yielded benefits for developing speech and language skills and provided benefits for the caregivers who help practice with the samples at home. The results of this research showed problems with using the guidebook and devised precautionary measures. The feedback will be applied to guidebook development in the future.

Development of an ergonomics risk assessment tool for repetitive task assessment (RTRA).

Most ergonomics assessment tools for repetitive task have been used in industries which are mainly focused on assessing the biomechanical risk factors that affect musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) rather than the psychosocial and work environment risk factors. To develop a tool for Repetitive Task Risk Assessment (RTRA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) that can identify biomechanical, physical stress and psychosocial risk factors, prioritize risk reduction action and systematic record keeping. The study consisted of 2 phases; tool development and evaluation of the contents of risk factors by 7 ergonomic experts and intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and validity tests of the tool by 1 researcher and 9 Thai practitioners to assess 30 repetitive tasks. RULA was modified by adding more biomechanical risk, combining psychosocial and work environment risk factors lead to MSD become the first prototype of RTRA. The Item-Objective Congruence Index (IOC) validated 20 items on usability of each step of the RTRA ranged between 0.64 and 0.93. The examination of the overall intra-rater reliability was 0.932 (95% CI: 0.862-0.967) and the overall inter-rater was 0.956 (95% CI: 0.909-0.978). The tool has high test-retest reliability. There is a suggestion for researchers to understand more on the identification of multiple risk factors in one assessment tool and consider a risk-level rating and scoring for prioritizing risk reduction.

Preferences and Satisfaction Toward an Orthodontic Clinical App.

To promote the development of professional orthodontic apps and to grow app engagement, many contributing factors should first be scrutinized. The main purpose of this research was to assess whether gap analysis facilitates strategic app design. Gap analysis was first conducted to reveal users' preferences. Then, the OrthoAnalysis app was developed on an Android operating system using Java programming language. Finally, a self-administered survey was issued to 128 orthodontic specialists to assess their satisfaction toward usage of the app. The content validity of the questionnaire was ascertained using an index of Item-Objective Congruence of more than 0.5. The reliability of the questionnaire was also analyzed with Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient (ɑ = 0.87). Besides the most important factor, "content," many issues were listed, and all were required to engage users. A strong and engaging app should show accurate, trustworthy, and practical clinical analysis that operates smoothly and fast with ease, along with a user-friendly, appealing, and trustworthy interface. In short, because of the preliminary gap analysis that was done to evaluate the potential app engagement power prior to app design, the result of the satisfaction assessment showed that nine traits including overall satisfaction were of high levels. Orthodontic specialists' preferences were assessed using gap analysis and an orthodontic app was designed and appraised. This article presents the orthodontic specialists' preferences and summarizes the process of achieving app satisfaction. Therefore, to create a clinical app with strong engagement power, a strategic initial plan using gap analysis can be recommended.

Validity and Reliability of the Topical Corticosteroid Phobia (TOPICOP©) Questionnaire: Thai Version

Objective: To determine the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Topical Corticosteroid Phobia (TOPICOP©) questionnaire, which is used to evaluate topical corticosteroid (TCS) phobia in atopic dermatitis (AD). Materials & Methods: The translation process and assessment of content validity were undertaken step-by-step. Adult patients with AD and the guardians of pediatric patients with AD completed the questionnaire twice, 2 weeks apart to test the reliability. Results: We enrolled 30 adult patients with AD and 30 caretakers of pediatric patients with AD in this study. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) was 0.9, indicating high validity. Test-retest reliability using Pearson correlation coefficient was tested, with r 0.938 (p <0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed reliable internal consistency, with 0.691 and 0.734, respectively. Conclusion: The Thai version of the TOPICOP© is valid, reliable, and feasible for assessing TCS phobia in patients with AD and their caretakers of pediatric patients with AD.

Telepractice program in voice therapy for primary school teachers: A Pilot study

Background: Teaching is an occupation where teachers consistently use their voices. However, excessive voice use causes voice disorders, especially in primary school teachers. Therefore, to prevent voice disorder problems in teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, voice therapy using telepractice was adopted so that teachers would gain knowledge and know how to prevent voice disorders. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to develop and implement a pilot study on a telepractice program in voice therapy for primary school teachers. Materials and methods: Telepractice program for primary school teachers was designed from the literature review under the theory of voice therapy for those people with voice disorders. Five experts with more than five years’ experience in voice therapy tested the content validity, and five teachers undertook the entire program. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of index of item-objective congruence (IOC) for content validity in Part 1 (program outline), Part 2 (program manual), Part 3 (telepractice videos), and Part 4 (telepractice program quizzes) were 0.8, 0.89, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. The IOC of the entire telepractice program was found to be 0.86, which passed the criteria. The try-out phase resulted in teachers suggesting adjusting their participation time to after 6 pm. for more convenience. Other suggestions for using voice for online and onsite teaching during COVID-19 pandemic were also provided, e.g., voice level control while using a microphone, a headset, and a computer setting during online teaching. Conclusion: The pilot study of the telepractice program in voice therapy for primary school teachers passed the content validity test and try-out criteria for primary school teachers. Thus, the program could be used in voice therapy for teachers with voice disorders to eliminate program's efficiency in the next phase.

Factors related to alcohol-drinking behaviors on secondary school students grade 1-3 in the province of Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand.

Globally, alcohol consumption is the major cause of mortality and disease. Future health and life quality may also be affected by early initiation of alcohol consumption. It is a cross-sectional design for a research survey. This study aimed to investigate alcohol drinking behavior, the effects of alcohol consumption, and factors linked to alcohol drinking behavior among 410 secondary school students in grades 1-3 in the province of Nakhon Si Thammarat in southern Thailand. A simple sample was selected from a stratified random sample of 210 individuals. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprised of five sections and 78 items in total. The index of item objective congruence (IOC) of 0.90 and the reliability of 0.74 was used to evaluate the tool's quality. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were employed. The results of the study showed that a total of 40.0% of the participants had previously consumed alcohol, that men were more likely than women to drink (54.8%), that beer was the most popular alcoholic beverage (57.7%), that most people drank alcohol at night while at home (47.6%) and with friends (83.6%), the majority of participants (13.9%) drank alcohol one to three times per week, and their attitudes toward alcohol were moderate (85.7%). Religion, knowledge about alcohol use, and the amount of money received each month from habitat for humanity were not found to be linked to drinking alcohol. The conclusion is that the use of alcohol by students is influenced by a wide variety of circumstances. Health professionals, educational institutions, and relevant agencies should use these factors to promote alcohol use prevention behaviors and formulate guidelines and measures to prevent this by designing an effective prevention program to reduce the alcohol use behaviors of children and young people in the appropriate manner.

Supply chain resilience after the Covid-19 pandemic in Thai industry

The epidemic of the COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide. This phenomenon has changed people's lifestyles as well as business activities. Many businesses are unable to operate normally, which is caused /or affected by supply chain disruption. Therefore, supply chain resilience after the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to maintaining the liquidity of businesses and increasing supply chain efficiency. This research aimed to examine factors influencing supply chain resilience and construct a structural equation model for supply chain resilience after the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand's industries. A research framework was developed according to previous literature in the context of supply chain resilience. Five constructs, namely Technology, Flexibility, Collaboration, Agility, and Supply chain resilience, with seven hypotheses were established. A questionnaire survey was developed from the research framework and previous literature. Then, the validity and reliability test of the questionnaire were performed with the Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) technique and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. The data was obtained from 426 business organizations in both the industrial and service industry in Thailand. The structural equation model (SEM) technique was conducted to examine the relationship between constructs. The results revealed that agility was only a factor that directly influenced supply chain resilience, while technology had an indirect effect on it via agility. However, technology has had direct effects on flexibility, agility, and collaboration.

The Effect of Chairobic Dance Program on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Faculty of Education Staff, Thaksin University

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of daily life, especially exercise, where restrictions on location, time, and work can make exercise even more difficult. Hence, this study aims to create a Chairobic dance program dancing with a chair that uses few spaces, able to sit and dance in your chair. It was developed from the aerobics dance. In addition, to compare the effect of the Chairobic dance program on Cardiorespiratory endurance before and after training. The target group is 24 staff of the Faculty of Education at Thaksin University. The participants were trained through a Chairobic dance program created by the researcher for eight weeks (3 days/week, i.e., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). They have to practice 45 minutes a day after work. The Cardiorespiratory endurance was tested using a 3-minute knee-up and down test and compared before and after eight weeks of training by the Pair t-test statistics. The results showed that in the Chairobic dance program created by the researcher, there is an IOC (Index of Item-Objective Congruence) in the range of 0.6 -1.00, which is acceptable and usable. In addition, the target group had better Cardiorespiratory endurance than before training. Therefore, It will be helpful for anyone interested in an alternative to exercise. This is because it takes up less space, is convenient to exercise, fun, and can develop Cardiorespiratory endurance.

Knowledge and Perceptions about COVID-19 among Thai Classical Dancers in Thailand: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey.

The prevention and control of the spread of COVID-19 has become a major challenge and concern globally. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, sufficient knowledge and practices of people toward COVID-19 is necessary. Thai classical dancers are one of the groups affected by the pandemic. Health literacy in dancers has been shown to be crucial for their health and performance. Hence, this study aimed to assess Thai classical dancers' knowledge and perception about COVID-19. A cross-sectional 25-item online survey was conducted between March and October 2021. Content validity was performed through the index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC). Descriptive statistics were applied to represent Thai classical dancer characteristics, knowledge, and perception. The Thai version of the questionnaire had 2 modified items and 2 additional items from the original questionnaire, and the IOC was 1.0. Of the 323 participants who completed the survey, most had adequate knowledge about COVID-19, while 23.84% correctly answered about symptoms of severe COVID-19. Thai classical dancers showed a good perception on COVID-19 prevention and control. Basic understanding about COVID-19 among Thai classical dancers based on their available resources is important. Hence, providing more valid sources of information and health literacy to Thai classical dancers should be considered. More studies on COVID-19 in other dancers should also be explored.

Assessing How Goal Setting and Motivation Development Affects Thai Financial Institution Sales Officers’ Learning Engagement

This research aimed to develop learning engagement indicators of sales officers in Thai financial institutions using motivation development and goal setting. The sample consisted of 384 sales officers in financial institutions, selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. The questionnaire’s reliability used the index of item-objective congruence (0.60-1.00) and Cronbach's alpha to measure item validity (alpha = 0.87). A confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the model's fit, from which a goodness of fit review determined that all indices complied with established criteria. Thereafter, a structural equation model analysis found that the learning engagement model’s three hypotheses were consistent with the empirical data. Also, there was moderate to strong strength in the relationships in the hypotheses, with motivation development having the strongest relationship with goal setting. When the learning engagement factors were examined, it was determined that when ranked in importance, cognitive learning (0.95) was most important, then behavioral learning (0.92), and, the emotional learning (0.88).

Project-Based Learning Model to Promote Preservice Science Teachers’ Metacognitive Skills

The purpose of this study was to build a project-based learning (PjBL) model using Susan A. Ambrose et al. cycle’s metacognition conceptual framework. The PjBL approach was created to improve the preservice science teacher’s metacognitive skills. Methods: To modify the PjBL strategy, this study began with a basic review of PjBL and metacognitive skills backgrounds. Results: A panel of experts used the item-objective congruence index (IOC) at five distinct levels to evaluate the validity of the PjBL model. The PjBL model’s appropriateness rating was calculated as 4.56, which showed that it was very suited.