Independent Translations Research Articles

Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural de um Questionário Para Avaliação das Percepções de Adolescentes sobre o Tratamento Ortodôntico

Introduction: Instruments of quality of life related to oral health are used with increasing frequency in research. However, these instruments are not available in all countries or languages. The availability of multilingual versions of instruments, valid for different cultures, is important for epidemiological research. Objective: To translate and carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire developed by Feldmann in 2007, concerning the perceptions of adolescent patients about orthodontic treatment, into Portuguese. Methods: Initially, the equivalence of concepts and items was discussed by a group of experts who examined the items in the questionnaire. Four adolescents were interviewed using the focus group methodology. The instrument was then submitted to the following steps: two translations into Portuguese by independent translators, pre-testing of the questionnaires in 6 patients, reverse translation, review by committee and finally a pilot study with the final version. In this stage, 20 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years, of both genders, were interviewed, evaluated at the Orthodontics Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. The questionnaire was applied to two groups: untreated adolescents and adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment. Results: From these evaluations, the Brazilian version of the Feldmann questionnaire was produced, with administration and format appropriate to the target population. Conclusions: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire into Portuguese was performed ensuring its semantic and conceptual equivalence with the original instrument and the final version was consistent in a pilot study.

Localization of the SureWash Pocket® mobile health app to Brazilian Portuguese.

To localize the textual interface of the SureWash Pocket® mobile health app and to present the methodological experience used in the localization process. Software localization study to Brazilian Portuguese. The localization process was carried out between December 2018 and June 2019 in the city of Cuiabá/MT, through six steps: permission to localize the software; two independent translations; synthesis of translations; evaluation of the validity of the textual interface by a Committee of Expert Judges; back translation; and publication. The textual interfaces were organized into 107 items and analyzed by ten expert judges. In the first round, 64% of the items reached a pre-established minimum agreement level of 90%. During the second round, 39 remaining items were adapted according to consensual suggestions and the pre-final version was consolidated. The localization process suggests that the localized SureWash Pocket® is considered valid and can be used for an educational intervention on hand hygiene.

Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2: Results of Validation on Polish Sample

This study aims to adapt the Problematic Internet Use Scale. The scale of Generalized Problematic Internet Use is an important tool for measuring the intensity of the problem. Widely used in English, Portuguese or Italian, it indicates the importance of the obtained result. Validation of the Polish group will allow to use it in Polish conditions. In order to validate the results, the 523 (516 after data cleaning) group of Internet users was surveyed. The study covered people of Polish origin aged 18-47, 304 women and 212 men. The original tool was translated two times, into Polish and then into English by independent translators. There were conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis that showed five-factor structure, which explained 73.9% of variance; chi 2 /df = 1.21; Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fitness of proposed model, chi 2 /df = 1.66, RMSEA = 0.035 and reliability measured by Cronbach alpha was 0.89. The obtained results indicate satisfactory psychometric values of the Polish version of Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2. The conducted validation may contribute to a wider application in the Polish group, also in further research and constitute an important tool for scientific purpose s. Due to the theoretical background of the Problematic Use of the Internet, the adapted questionnaire can be used as well for preventive actions.

Assessment of the Students’ Mental Health in the University of Garmian Using the Kurdish General Health Questionnaire

It is predicted that Kurdish people, especially in Garmian District, face more mental health issues due to war, displacement and numerous political conflicts. On the other hand, different studies showed that mental health of university students decreases during their educational years. So, this study aimed to investigate the mental health of students in University of Garmian, using the Kurdish General Health Questionnaire (K-GHQ). In this cross-sectional study sample consists of 156 students selected by multistage cluster sampling among the students of five colleges from the University of Garmian. Furthermore, data were collected using Kurdish version of GHQ and demographic questionnaire. First, the GHQ successfully translated into Kurdish and back translated into English by independent professional bilingual translators. After preparing the finalized Kurdish GHQ, data were collected from May 2018 to February 2019. The investigation of reliability and validity of K-GHQ showed that this version is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of mental health in university students. The average of mental health scores showed that only 3.25% of students were at normal mental health status and more than 96.75% of the participants were at risk. Of these, 37.6% suffered from mild problems, 51.9% had moderate, and 7.14% had severe problems. The higher scores were due to anxiety/insomnia (14.24) and social dysfunction (11.86). However, no differences were observed between the genders, but there were significant differences in global score and three sub-scales scores between freshmen and students of other grades. Because of the high prevalence of mental health problems in students of University of Garmian, effective interventions like CBT, MBSR and TFT are needed to reduce the effect of stressors and improve their mental health status.

Cross-cultural translation, adaptation, and reliability of the Spanish version of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+)

Researchers from different countries worked in partnership with the PAR-Q+ Collaboration to translate and adapt the questionnaire into Spanish. Initially two independent translations were created, then a common initial version was produced. After two independent back translations of this first document, the team of experts established the official Spanish version. A total of 177 volunteers answered this version twice, one to two weeks apart. This translated version had a very good consistency (Cronbach’s a = 0.995; p < 0.01) and for 98% of the questions an agreement almost perfect between the two times the questionnaire was answered (

Extrinsic Calibration between Camera and LiDAR Sensors by Matching Multiple 3D Planes.

This paper proposes a simple extrinsic calibration method for a multi-sensor system which consists of six image cameras and a 16-channel 3D LiDAR sensor using a planar chessboard. The six cameras are mounted on a specially designed hexagonal plate to capture omnidirectional images and the LiDAR sensor is mounted on the top of the plates to capture 3D points in 360 degrees. Considering each camera–LiDAR combination as an independent multi-sensor unit, the rotation and translation between the two sensor coordinates are calibrated. The 2D chessboard corners in the camera image are reprojected into 3D space to fit to a 3D plane with respect to the camera coordinate system. The corresponding 3D point data that scan the chessboard are used to fit to another 3D plane with respect to the LiDAR coordinate system. The rotation matrix is calculated by aligning normal vectors of the corresponding planes. In addition, an arbitrary point on the 3D camera plane is projected to a 3D point on the LiDAR plane, and the distance between the two points are iteratively minimized to estimate the translation matrix. At least three or more planes are used to find accurate external parameters between the coordinate systems. Finally, the estimated transformation is refined using the distance between all chessboard 3D points and the LiDAR plane. In the experiments, quantitative error analysis is done using a simulation tool and real test sequences are also used for calibration consistency analysis.

Development and psychometric performance of the French language version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ)

BackgroundThe Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a 16-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) validated for use in patients with foot and ankle pathologies. It contains three sub-scores for pain, walking/standing and social interaction dimensions. The aim of this study was to develop a French language version of the MOXFQ and to assess its psychometric properties in patients affected by foot and ankle pathologies. MethodsAccording to guidelines, forward and backward independent translations were performed. The final French version was pre-tested in 45 patients. The French MOXFQ and the Short-form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were filled in by 149 patients. A retest was performed in 39 patients. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis, and through correlations of MOXFQ scales with SF-36 scales. ResultsInternal consistency coefficients were high with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.79 and 0.94. Test-retest ICCs were between 0.74 and 0.93. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. The correlations between French MOXFQ and French SF-36 subscales were moderate ranging from −0.33 to −0.71. ConclusionsThe French translation of the MOXFQ revealed good psychometric properties. Our French version proved to be a reliable instrument which can be used for evaluation of patients with foot and ankle disorders. Level of evidenceII.

TRANSLATION, TRANSCULTURAL ADAPTATION, VALIDATION OF THE HOLISTIC CRITICAL THINKING SCORING RUBRIC TO BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE

Objective: translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric, original from the United States, to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: methodological study comprising the following steps: translation by 3 independent translators, transcultural adaptation by a Committee of 6 Nurses Experts; and validation, with the participation, in the pre-test, of 30 academics and 3 teachers-evaluators of Nursing field. The validity and reliability of the tool were verified by Kappa test. Results: the Portuguese version of the tool obtained a Kappa test score of 0.82 in the pre-test group. There was strong significant agreement among the evaluators. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the holistic critical thinking of Nursing academics at different levels of training, especially using active teaching methodologies.

Adapting the Scale to Measure Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases in Brazil

Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases to the Brazilian context. Materials and Methods: This is a methodological study that followed the steps recommended by Dorcas Beaton for translating and culturally adapting this scale in Brazil. All ethical precepts have been respected. Results: The first translation of the instrument into Brazilian Portuguese was done by two translators; the consensual version was then established, which was back-translated into Spanish by another independent translator. The committee of specialists comprised seven health professionals, obtaining a content validity index (CVI) = 1.00 in 41 items, CVI = 0.86 in three items and CVI = 0.71 in four items. After adjusting the seven items, a pretest was applied to 14 family caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease. Based on this, the participants’ difficulties were observed, and then the items were reviewed. Conclusions: After the translation and adaptation process was completed, the Brazilian version of the instrument entitled “Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases” was obtained.

EPIC-Skala – Übersetzung und interkulturelle Adaptation für die Schweiz, Österreich und Deutschland

BackgroundThe Evidence-based Practice Confidence (EPIC) scale is a self-report questionnaire for health professionals. The EPIC scale was developed in Canada and is based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory. It comprises 11 statements on the organization and implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) steps. The aim of the study was to translate the EPIC scale into German, to test its comprehensibility in German-speaking countries and to interculturally adapt the scale. MethodsThe translation process followed international guidelines. After two independent translations into German and two independent back translations had been conducted, an expert committee discussed discrepancies in view of intercultural comprehensibility and agreed on a preliminary German version. The comprehensibility of this version was evaluated with physical therapists from Switzerland, Austria and Germany. They were recruited using purposeful sampling and interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured questionnaire (cognitive interviewing). The interviews were recorded and analyzed independently by two authors using a structured evaluation scheme. Based on these results, the final version was created. All changes were discussed with the author of the EPIC scale. ResultsSixteen physical therapists of the three German-speaking countries were interviewed. Demographic data showed a balanced distribution of country of origin, age group, qualification and years of work experience. In general, participants reported a good overall comprehensibility. However, they reported that (too) many scientific terms caused comprehension problems and that some of these terms were unknown to participants. During the intercultural adaptation attention was paid to simplify and shorten sentences and to paraphrase terms that were difficult to understand. Moreover, the instructions were expanded to address partial lack of knowledge of scientific terms. ConclusionThe EPIC scale was successfully translated and interculturally adapted to the German language. The scale evaluates self-efficacy in EBP activities and could potentially be used to assess courses or be integrated into surveys. In the next step, the validity and reliability of the German scale should be established involving other health care professionals in this process.

The Czech adaptation of Klein et al’s. Unidimensional Target-neutral Scale of Commitment

This study describes the process of translating, adapting and validating the Klein et al’s Unidimensional Target-neutral Scale of Commitment (KUT) into Czech. The KUT scale is a self-report scale that consists of four items. The scale was adapted using three independent translations into Czech, one back-translation into English by a native speaker, assessment by experts, and piloting in cognitive interviews with 13 respondents. The study also provides evidence on the scale’s reliability and validity for measuring organizational commitment defined as a psychological bond with an organization. The analyses were based on data obtained from 811 Czech-speaking adults working for Czech organizations. Using ordinal structural equation models (SEM) estimated on the polychoric correlation matrices with the robust WLSMV estimator, the Czech adaptation of the KUT scale showed similar psychometric characteristics to the original English version. The Czech KUT scale is unidimensional and internally consistent. All items have high factor loadings. The scale is invariant across groups defined by gender, workload and the sector in which the organization operates. The convergent validity is supported by the fact that the organizational commitment measured by the Czech KUT scale relates positively to job satisfaction, self-rating of job performance, extra-role behaviour and negatively to turnover intention. The Czech KUT scale also proved incremental validity to job performance over job satisfaction measured by Job Descriptive Survey. Therefore, the scale is a valid instrument for measuring organizational commitment within the Czech-speaking population. It can be used for organizational surveys as well as for research within the organizations.

National Emergency Cards for Sickle Cell Disease: A Survey on Usefulness from the Patient Perspective

Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) frequently present for emergency care with pain or fever. The rate of emergency visits/year is between 2-4 per patient every year with 12% of patients visiting the emergency 4 or more times/year1. National medical organizations in Canada and the United States recommend pain therapy within 30 minutes of arriving to the emergency department2,3. Feedback from patients in Canada reflected a lack of awareness of the medical community regarding the disease and optimal management. As a response Canadian Haemoglobinopathy Association2 (CanHaem), created the "Sickle Cell Disease Emergency Wallet Cards" which were inspired from the successful Hemophilia "Factor First Card4". The goal of the cards was to provide simple care instructions to an emergency responder and facilitate timely care for patients in crisis. These wallet cards have recommendations for treatment of pain and fever within 30 minutes, patient's diagnosis, program contact details, and patient's individual pain plan. The cards have been in circulation for 4 years. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cards are used by parents and patients as intended. Research Questions: 1.Are the CanHaem Cards used by patients and families? 2. Do patients find the card helpful in facilitating their care delivery? Methods: The surveys were administered to patients and/or proxies. Prior to survey distribution three parents/patients have verified the utility of the questions, the content and the readability of the survey. The survey was translated into French/Arabic by two independent translators per language. It was distributed in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada in specialty clinics known to use the cards. The University of Alberta Ethics Board deemed the project a quality improvement initiative and the ARECCI tool: A pRoject Ethics Community Consensus Initiative was completed prior to quality improvement project start. Results: 140/184 participants completed the survey. The response rate: 76%. Demographics: 91% province of Alberta. Proxy: 49%; Patients: 51%. The majority of respondents were female: 54%, median age: 37 years (range 16-84 years). See graphs 1-4 below: 72.3% felt the card was helpful in their care. 78.6% carry the physical card (purse, wallet, and diaper bag), while 10.7% have a picture on their phone, 9.3% don't carry the card, 7.1% state they never received a card. The majority (63.6%) show the card at first contact in emergency, 48.9% felt staff read the card. Total of 68 comments. 67.6% of comments were positive: "Sense of security"; "Get us in to see the doctor faster..." Neutral comments (22%) ranged from requests for lamination to provider response to the card being variable "sometimes it is faster and sometime(s) doesn't really change anything". Finally, 10% were negative reflecting long wait times "Good concept, the idea itself is great. Execution... could be improved greatly", and requests for more information on the card. Conclusion: In Canada, SCD is an uncommon disease and many healthcare providers may not be aware of national and international guidelines regarding acute presentations. To help facilitate knowledge transfer and to aid communication with emergency services, CanHaem created wallet cards as a Canada-wide initiative. This survey demonstrates the patient/parent perspective of the emergency cards. Eighty-nine percent of patients/proxies carried the card (either digitally or physically) and 63% showed the card in the acute care setting. The discrepancy between those who carry the card and those who show it may reflect that numerous respondents stated they had not required emergency care since receiving the card as well some respondents were "carried away by the pain and forget to use the card". Comments revealed a sense of security and patient's appreciation for having the card available to them indicating the value of card to patients. The card demonstrates a simple and low cost intervention to facilitate emergency care for hemoglobinopathy patients.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire to the Spanish language in head and neck surgery.

External appearance is the main aesthetic outcome in patients who undergo surgical procedures. Scars located in exposed areas, such as the neck and face, are important for patients. There are at least eight instruments that are used to evaluate postoperative scars, but few fulfil standard methodological conditions. The Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) was designed and validated using psychometric methodology. However, this scale has not been translated or validated in the Spanish language. The aim of this study was to undergo a cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the PSAQ scale to the Spanish language in patients who underwent head and neck surgery. We followed The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines for the translation and validation of health-related scales. Forward and back translations were made by independent translators. We included adult patients who underwent thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, parotidectomy, and neck dissection. For the psychometric validation, we used a principal axis exploratory factor analysis with oblimin rotation. A reliability test involving Cronbachs alpha and the item-total correlation was performed and for the convergent/concurrent validity, we selected the Spanish version of the Vancouver Scar Scale. A total of 180 patients were recruited. Factor analysis showed a five-factor solution. Cronbachs alpha for the subscales was >0.7. The comparison between the PSAQ appearance subscale and the VSS demonstrated a high correlation (rho = - 0.89). In a sample of 62 patients, the test-retest evaluation showed high correlation (0.74-0.99). Our study supports the Spanish version of the PSAQ as a valid, reliable, and reproducible tool to assess the perception and impact of neck scars in Spanish-speaking patients who undergo head and neck surgery.

PCV138 CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE QUALITY OF LIFE (PADQOL) QUESTIONNAIRE INTO HUNGARIAN: PILOTING RESULTS

Our aim was to develop a valid Hungarian version ofthePeripheral Artery Disease Quality of Life (PADQOL) Questionnaire through the translation, cultural adaptation and content validation of the original instrument. PADQOL is a validated health status measure designed to assess disease-specific physical, psychosocial and emotional effects of peripheral artery disease (Treat-Jacobson, 2012). The patient population (n=30) recruited for cognitive interviews consisted of in- and outpatients with different educational and socioeconomic backgrounds living with symptomatic, Fontaine II-IV. - stage peripheral artery disease (PAD) attending the Department of Angiology, 1stDepartment of Internal Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Hungary. The linguistic validation and cross-cultural adaptation was conducted in five phases: two independent forward translations, translation synthesis, two independent back-translations to the source language, review by a consensus team including the forward and back translators, internist-angiology specialist physicians, a linguist and an applied linguist and finally, pilot-testing using cognitive interviewing techniques. During the translation process changes were made in the Hungarian version of PADQOL questionnaire regarding semantic, idiomatic and conceptual aspects. The pilot-testing revealed that the items of the translated and adapted version were easy to understand and interpret. Changes were required in the wording of only one of the items. Having used the recommended best practice protocol for cultural adaptation, the pre-final version is comparable with the original instrument. Subsequent to future psychometric and clinicometric validation, the Hungarian version of PADQOL should be a useful quality of life measure to assess subjective burden of disease of patients living with PAD.

Early integration of palliative care: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and content validity of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool in a Swedish healthcare context.

Timely identification of patients with palliative care needs is a prerequisite for being able to carry out effective and equal palliative care. The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) identifies patients likely to benefit from a palliative approach. The main objective was to describe the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and content validation process of the SPICT-SE. In this process, the prefinal SPICT-SE was tested in focus group interviews to explore how the tool was perceived and interpreted by healthcare professionals in a Swedish healthcare context. In this qualitative descriptive study, the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and content validation process of the SPICT-SE was based on a recommended method for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The process included two independent forward translations, a synthesis, and one independent back-translation. An expert committee consolidated all the versions and developed the prefinal version of the SPICT-SE. The prefinal version of the SPICT-SE was tested in four focus group interviews with physicians and nurses engaged in inpatient or outpatient care in south-west Sweden. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed. The SPICT-SE was then revised to the final version. In the thematic analysis, four themes were constructed that together described how the SPICT-SE was perceived and interpreted by healthcare professionals: The mindset is familiar and relevant; the tool needs to be adjusted in order to be clearer; the purpose and consequences of the tool are ambiguous; and the tool supports a palliative approach. The SPICT-SE has now been successfully translated, culturally adapted and content validated in a Swedish healthcare context.

Translation of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) into German (MEPS-G).

The Mayo Elbow Performance Score is a clinical assessment to rate the performance of the elbow from a medical and/or therapeutic perspective. It is simple and efficient to operate and therefore frequently used in research as well as in clinics. However, an adequate translation of the MEPS into the German language and a verification of the quality criteria for the use in the German health system are currently lacking. The aim of this study is to translate the MEPS and to review the applicability of the German version (MEPS-G) in Germany. The translation was undertaken on the basis of a guideline for cultural adaptation. Two independent translations were created, combined and translated back into English by two native speakers. The back translations were reviewed and the German version was amended accordingly. The suitability of the final questionnaire was verified in a pretest with 73 participants. The MEPS was converted into the German version MEPS-G and was tested. Apart from minor adjustments, the questionnaire was translated into German without difficulty. The time to complete the assessment was on average 2.5 min (± 1.6). First analyses of the psychometric properties of the German MEPS showed identical values as the English version. The detailed quality criteria will be reviewed in a subsequent study.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Pilot Testing Of The Cancer Care Coordination Questionnaire For Patients (CCCQ-P) In Chinese And Arabic Languages.

BackgroundThe Cancer Care Coordination Questionnaire for Patients (CCCQ-P) has been designed to measure patients’ experience of this crucial aspect of their cancer care. Migrants are at particular risk of receiving poorly coordinated cancer care due to challenges in communication as well as unfamiliarity with the health system and roles of health professionals. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and pilot test the CCCQ-P in Chinese and Arabic languages.MethodsThis study followed an established five-stage process for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The CCCQ-P was forward and back-translated into Arabic, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese languages by two independent translators. An expert committee review panel appraised the translations, resulting in a pre-final version in the target languages. Face validity, content validity, and consistency of the translated CCCQ-P were then assessed in a sample of bilingual former cancer patients and health professionals. In addition, structured interviews were conducted to explore the meaning of each question and responses to participants.ResultsThirteen health professionals (7 Chinese, 6 Arabic) and 19 former cancer patients (11 Chinese, 8 Arabic) participated in the face validation. Across both language groups, participants agreed that the cross-culturally adapted and translated versions had clear instructions and response options that were appropriate and understandable. All items were considered important and significant to the tool and so no item was removed. Complex medical words caused some differences in preferred terminology in Arabic and Chinese; however, participants agreed that the meaning of the questions and response options was not lost.ConclusionThe Arabic, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese cross-culturally adapted and piloted versions of the CCCQ-P are useful tools to measure patients’ experience of cancer care coordination. Further validation and psychometric testing of the instrument are warranted.

The Hungarian translation and validation of the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire

Introduction: Many disease-specific questionnaires, which analyze patients' functional status, quality of life or the progression of the disease, have been validated in Hungarian. The low back pain (LBP) patients' knowledge about their problem has not been measured by an officially validated Hungarian tool. Aim: The aim of our study was to translate and validate the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LKQ) and to assess its validity and reliability. Method: We used the translation-back translation method as the first step. Then we used a synthesis of the back translations reviewed by independent translators. We enrolled 218 people in our study: 101 of them were chronic LBP patients and 73 acute LBP patients. For the validation process, we used the Roland-Morris Disability Index to compare our questionnaire. We calculated Cronbach's alpha values and correlation coefficients. Results: The Hungarian version of LKQ correlated well with the Roland-Morris Index and it proved to be a valid questionnaire (correlation coefficient: -0.393; Cronbach's alpha value 0.894). Conclusion: We found the Hungarian version of LKQ a valid and reliable tool to measure patients' knowledge about LBP. We recommend future studies should apply bigger and more homogenous populations to assess LBP disease-specific knowledge in this country. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(42): 1663-1672.

Patient-reported Outcome Measures: The FACE-Q Skin Cancer Module: The Dutch Translation and Linguistic Validation.

Background:Patient-reported outcome measures are becoming a standard component in the evaluation of surgical treatments. In 2010, the FACE-Q skin cancer module was developed: an English psychometric validated questionnaire that measures both patient quality of life and satisfaction with the surgical experience. The questionnaire consists of 11 subscales with a total of 96 questions. An officially translated version in Dutch is needed for accepted use in the Netherlands.Methods:We translated the FACE-Q skin cancer module from English into Dutch in accordance with to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and World Health Organization guidelines. The translation occurs in three stages. First, a forward translation is performed by two independent professional translators, where discrepancies are solved by a third translator, a subject area expert. Secondly, a backward translation is performed and is compared with the original. Any discrepancies are solved by an expert panel. Version two is then pretested (cognitive debriefing) by 30 patients who have had a resection (Mohs surgery) of non-melanoma skin cancer in the face followed by reconstruction. The results of the pretesting exercise are evaluated and a final version of the translation was produced by the expert panel.Results:In the first step, a conceptually equivalent Dutch translation of the FACE-Q was translated. In the second phase, the comparison between the forward and backward translation led to multiple retranslations. In step three, 48 annotations were evaluated by the expert panel, which led to 26 minor changes in items or instructions.Conclusion:We created a conceptually and linguistically similar translation of the FACE-Q Skin Cancer Module through a thorough translation and linguistic validation process.

UKRAINAIN ADAPTATION OF THE SHORT FIVE FACTOR PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE TIPI (TIPI-UKR)

This research aim is to translate into Ukrainian, adapt and validate TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory proposed by S.Gosling, P. Rentfrow, and W. Swann). Adaptation of this extremely brief measure, which is developed on the basis of the recognized theory of personality, provides methodological support for studies of a whole range of problems (multiple repeated measurements in the longitudinal study, large-scale surveys, pre-screening packet etc.). TIPI is translated into more than twenty languages, which confirms that it is being in demand. The psychometric properties of the adapted versions demonstrate its diagnostic capacity, which opens new perspectives for cross-cultural studies. The article analyses the methodological framework of the TIPI, discusses the methodological problems of the inventory adaptation, and proposes the process of its adaptation and the ways to deal with the potential challenges. The inventory adaptation was done in several steps. At the first step, the inventory was translated by three independent translators, the unified translated version was agreed, the back-translation was done, and the reliability (internal consistency) was checked (with the sample of 233 undergraduate students). At the second step, the list of descriptors was expanded to improve the reliability and validity of the measure. The difficulties of the translation procedure resulted mainly from the difficulty of choosing such an ideal match for adjective descriptors that would express the content accurately and would be unambiguously interpreted. At the same time it is necessary to minimize intersections of the semantic fields for the selected descriptors. This new adapted version was examined with the sample of 405 participants. Internal reliability was checked with Cronbach’s alpha. Also test–retest reliability and the construct validity were verified by analysis of correlations between TIPI-UKR scales and corresponding scales of the existing five-factor multi-item scales (The Big Five Locator (adaptation of L.Burlachuk, D.Koroliov) and Five Factor Personality Questionnaire (adaptation of A.Hromov). The psychometric characteristics of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha for Extraversion - 0,6, Agreeableness - 0,6, Conscientiousness - 0,73, Emotional Stability - 0,44, and Openness to Experience - 0,74), test–retest reliability and the construct validity were examined. They confirmed that the adapted inventory has the adequate psychometric properties. The inventory blank is attached.