Independent Analysis Method Research Articles

Multi-decadal offshore wind power variability can be mitigated through optimized European allocation

Abstract. Wind power is a vital ingredient for energy system transformation in line with the Paris Agreement. Limited land availability for onshore wind parks and higher wind speeds over sea make offshore wind energy increasingly attractive. While wind variability on different timescales poses challenges for planning and system integration, little focus has been given to multi-decadal variability. Our research therefore focuses on the characteristics of wind power on timescales exceeding ten years. Based on detrended wind data from the coupled centennial reanalysis CERA-20C, we calculate European long-term offshore wind power potential and analyze its variability focusing on three locations with distinct climatic conditions: the German North Sea, the Greek Mediterranean and the Portuguese Atlantic coast. We find strong indications for two significant multi-decadal modes that are identified consistently using two independent spectral analysis methods and in the 20-year running mean time series. In winter, the long-term evolution of wind power and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are directly linked in Germany and Portugal. While German North Sea wind power is positively correlated with the NAO (r=0.82), Portuguese Atlantic coast generation is anti-correlated with the NAO (r=-0.91). We evaluate the corresponding potential for spatial balancing in Europe and report substantial benefits from European cooperation. In particular, optimized allocations off the Portuguese Atlantic coast and in the German North Sea allow to reduce multi-decadal generation variance by a factor of 3–10 compared with country-level approaches.

Электрогидравлический метод обогащения природного диатомита казахстанского месторождения

The electrohydraulic method of natural diatomite enrichment based on separation of the clay component under the influence of plasma energy arising at a short electric discharge is applied for the first time. Special computer technology is developed for the first time, using the portable navigator Montana series 600 by Garmin, Google Earth and Garmin Base Camp programs to make a contour and area of diatomaceous rocks on Zhalpak territory. Comprehensive study of enriched diatomite using spectral, microscopic, X-ray diffractometric, silicate (chemical), elemental and thermal methods of analysis were carried out. Independent methods of analysis show almost identical results for the degree of diatomite enrichment with silicon oxide (SiO2), being in the range of 78÷81.8%. Based on the results of spectral analysis it can be concluded that the electrohydraulic method is very effective in cleaning diatomite from calcium (CaO) and sulfur (SO3) oxides to the level of 0.21% and 0.18% respectively.

Comparing Orientation Analysis Methods for a Shallow-Water Ocean-Bottom Seismometer Array in the Bohai Sea, China

ABSTRACT The horizontal orientation estimation of an ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) is critical for providing reliable data for seismological studies. In this article, we applied three independent polarization analysis methods to estimate the absolute horizontal orientation of a pilot shallow-water OBS array in Bohai Sea, China. The OBS array was deployed in the autumn of 2018 and comprised 32 broadband seismometers lasting around 1 yr, aimed at investigating the geodynamics of North China craton and adjacent areas. The timings of the data were corrected through the correlation analysis of regional and teleseismic earthquake events, before the polarization analysis. Polarization analysis using P wave and Rayleigh wave, from both natural earthquakes and noise cross correlations, was performed. In total, 28 out of 29 stations obtained the effective estimates combining the three methods, of which 11 stations showed relatively robust results with variations well below 10° among the three methods. However, the superiority of one method over the others is not obvious. As there is a trade-off between the accepted final estimates and the number of qualified measurements defined by parameters such as the correlation coefficient threshold, window length, and filtering options, we investigated these effects using 15 different groups of parameters for the three methods, and the deviation statistics showed a distribution with the root mean square deviation of 9.2° for the whole array.

Sources of the Electrical Activity of Brain Areas Involving in Imaginary Movements

We describe the most significant sources of electrophysiological brain activity identified during use of a brain–computer interface based on recognition of EEG patterns during imaginary movements. The main tool for identifying sources consisted of six independent components analysis (ICA) methods based on different criteria of independence. Measures of the significance of sources were: their occurrence rates in different experimental sessions; repetition of extraction in each session using different ICA methods; the effects of each source on of recognition accuracy for EEG patterns corresponding to different imaginary movements, and the potential for approximating the activity of an individual current dipole. The overall set of indicators identified five sources located in the primary somatosensory cortex of both hemispheres, in the left premotor area, the supplementary motor area, and the precuneus. The functional significance of these sources in the framework of the contemporary concepts of the interaction of brain areas supporting the execution of motor functions is discussed.

Automated MRI assessment confirms cartilage thickness modification in patients with knee osteoarthritis: post-hoc analysis from a phase II sprifermin study

Sprifermin is under investigation as a potential disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug. Previously, 2-year results from the FORWARD study showed significant dose-dependent modification of cartilage thickness in the total femorotibial joint (TFTJ), medial and lateral femorotibial compartments (MFTC, LFTC), and central medial and lateral TFTJ subregions, by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) using manual segmentation. To determine whether qMRI findings from FORWARD could be reproduced by an independent method of automated segmentation using an identical dataset and similar anatomical regions in a post-hoc analysis. Cartilage thickness was assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, using automated cartilage segmentation with active appearance models, a supervised machine learning method. Images were blinded for treatment and timepoint. Treatment effect was assessed by observed and adjusted changes using a linear mixed model for repeated measures. Based on automated segmentation, statistically significant, dose-dependent structural modification of cartilage thickness was observed over 2 years with sprifermin vs placebo for TFTJ (overall treatment effect and dose response, both P<0.001), MFTC (P=0.004 and P=0.044), and LFTC (both P<0.001) regions. For highest dose, in the central medial tibial (P=0.008), central lateral tibial (P<0.001) and central lateral femoral (P<0.001) regions. Cartilage thickness assessed by automated segmentation provided a consistent dose response in structural modification compared with manual segmentation. This is the first time that two independent quantification methods of image analysis have reached the same conclusions in an interventional trial, strengthening the conclusions that sprifermin modifies structural progression in knee osteoarthritis.

Pengaruh Pelatihan Konsep Diri terhadap Kecenderungan Pembelian Impulsif pada Remaja Akhir di Kabupaten Tulungagung

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan konsep diri terhadap kecenderungan pembelian impulsif pada remaja akhir di Tulungagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen randomized two group design posttest only dengan sample remaja akhir usia 18-20 tahun sebanyak 20 orang, yaitu 10 orang pada kelompok eksperimen dan 10 orang pada kelompok kontrol. Post test menggunakan skala kecenderungan pembelian impulsif Verplanken dan Herabadi dengan reliabilitas 0.9. Setelah diberikan pelatihan konsep diri dan post test skala kecenderungan pembelian impulsif, hasil perhitungan statistik dengan analisis independent t-test menunjukkan nilai sig= 0.158 (p&gt;0.05) yang berarti bahwa tidak ada pengaruh pelatihan konsep diri terhadap kecenderungan pembelian impulsif.

The MASCOT separation mechanism

The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT), an Asteroid Lander carried by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, successfully landed on the Near-Earth Asteroid (162173) Ryugu on October 03, 2018. Thereby accomplishing the first-ever landing of a European spacecraft on the surface of this type of celestial body. MASCOT was a prototype design of a new class of nano-size surface science packages for the exploration of small solar system bodies. The very low gravity (thus, very low escape velocity) of the target body required the design of a miniaturized deployment mechanism with a relatively small, well-reproducible separation velocity. In addition, the mechanism also had to safely restrain the lander to the mother spacecraft during the launch and its 3.5-year cruise phase. In this paper, we describe in detail the design, numerical analysis and test of this newly developed separation mechanism. Furthermore, we compare the mechanism to other existing deployment systems and verify its performance with two independent analysis methods using actual flight data taken during the ultimate flight activation event, which initiated the successful delivery and surface operation of the MASCOT asteroid lander.

Assessing the role of live poultry trade in community-structured transmission of avian influenza in China

The live poultry trade is thought to play an important role in the spread and maintenance of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (HP AIVs) in Asia. Despite an abundance of small-scale observational studies, the role of the poultry trade in disseminating AIV over large geographic areas is still unclear, especially for developing countries with complex poultry production systems. Here we combine virus genomes and reconstructed poultry transportation data to measure and compare the spatial spread in China of three key subtypes of AIV: H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6. Although it is difficult to disentangle the contribution of confounding factors, such as bird migration and spatial distance, we find evidence that the dissemination of these subtypes among domestic poultry is geographically continuous and likely associated with the intensity of the live poultry trade in China. Using two independent data sources and network analysis methods, we report a regional-scale community structure in China that might explain the spread of AIV subtypes in the country. The identification of this structure has the potential to inform more targeted strategies for the prevention and control of AIV in China.

Methods of limiting selected risk types in the municipal waste incineration plant

Risk has become one of the most important categories in the global economy. This term belongs to the most popular phenomena in the economy. Decision making is always connected with risk. It is an inseparable part of human history and there are no man’s actions which cannot be associated with it. The notion of risk is universal: it concerns political, economic and social activities. It takes on specific meaning in the space of economic activity: taking risk entails certain financial consequences. Due to this fact, the essence of risk, methods of its evaluation, as well as its management are the topics of a growing number of publications in various scientific fields. The key problem for an entrepreneur is to first determine sources of risk, to assess its size and the influence it may have on the business, and then–to take action in order to minimize this influence. The article analyses dangers in a municipal waste incineration plant. In incineration plants there are various risks but environmental threats, broadly analysed in this article, belong to the most serious ones. Two independent risk analysis methods have been used for this purpose to determine the most serious threats related to environmental risk and options of counteracting them.

Perbedaan Literasi Pemahaman Keuangan Terhadap Mahasiswa Akuntansi dan Mahasiswa Manajemen

This research aims to analyze the differences in understanding of financial literacy in Accounting and Manajemen students in the 2015-2016 class, knowing the level of literacy held by students of the Accounting Study Program and students of the Management Study Program, and to analyze differences in the understanding of financial literacy to Accounting students and Manajemen students. This study uses a quantitative approach and is carried out on students of the Accounting and Manajemen Study Programs at Ciputra Surabaya University. Data were collected using a questionnaire to students of Accounting and Management in the 2015-2016 class, with a total population of 739 people. The sampling technique used was disproportionate stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 307 students. The scale used in this study is the Likert scale and nominal. Independent data analysis methods tests were carried out with the help of IBM SPSS 24. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the financial literacy level of Accounting and Manajemen students. The level of understanding of financial literacy of IBM and accounting students at a moderate level with different score scores This difference includes every individual who has different competencies, financial management and financial management, and also seminars or training given to students from lecture activities. There is a difference in understanding of financial literacy between Manajemen and Accounting students.

Memory response and neuroimaging correlates of a novel cognitive rehabilitation program for memory problems in epilepsy: A pilot study.

Memory deficits are very common in epilepsy, but no standard of care exists to effectively manage them. We assessed effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) on memory and neural plasticity in people with epilepsy (PWE) reporting memory impairments. Nine PWE completed 6 weekly sessions adapted from 2 generic CR programs enriched with information regarding epilepsy. Participants completed neuropsychological, mood, and quality of life (QOLIE-31) measures prior and after completion of CR; 5/9 participants also completed pre- and post-CR fMRI while performing a verbal paired associates learning task. FMRI data were analyzed using group spatial independent components analysis methods; paired t-tests compared spatial activations for pre-/post-CR. Improvements were seen in immediate recall in Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, QOLIE-31, and read word recognition in paired associates task (all p's≤0.05). FMRI changes comparing pre-to-post CR were noted through increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate and decreased activation in the left superior temporal gyrus; also noted were decreased activations in the default mode network (DMN), right cingulate, right middle temporal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and increased DMN activation in the left cuneus. This study demonstrates feasibility of conducting CR program in PWE with fMRI as a mechanistic biomarker. Improvements in cognition and cortical plasticity await confirmation in larger samples.

Remaining capacity estimation for buildings after an explosion using the adaptive alternate path analysis

After an explosion, determining the remaining capacity of a structure to resist a progressive collapse can provide valuable information for emergency operations and decision makers. Condition assessments after a blast are commonly performed with a visual inspection. However, visual inspections can be time-consuming and involve putting additional personnel into harm’s way. Analytical blast analyses can estimate a structures post-blast condition, but to achieve a high level of accuracy these analyses can be time-consuming and require information regarding the blast event which may not be available at the time. This presents a need for a threat independent post-blast analysis method, which can assess for the post-blast structural condition without requiring personnel to enter the structure. The alternate path method has been used to design buildings to resist a progressive collapse; however, it does not incorporate damage outside of element failure making it unsuitable for post-blast condition assessments. Model updating using modal properties from vibration measurements has been used in structural health monitoring to estimate damage on structures, but it has not been applied to post-blast structures. In this article, a method to estimate the remaining elemental structural capacity of a post-blast structure, called the adaptive alternate path analysis, is presented. This method involves using the alternate path method to assess an updated numerical model, which incorporates the buildings’ structural damage. To demonstrate the impact of incorporating additional damage beyond elemental failure on a structure’s capacity, a simulated study is presented using simulated stiffness reductions. A blast simulation is then used to show the capacity of the updated numerical model to represent the post-blast structure and the improvements gained over using the original model. The presented methodology can be used to assess a structures potential for progressive collapse after a blast, leading to safer emergency operations.

Neural Comodulation of Independent Brain Processes Related to Multitasking.

Distracted driving is regarded as an integrated task requiring different regions of the brain to receive sensory data, coordinate information, make decisions, and synchronize movements. In this paper, we applied an independent modulator analysis (IMA) method to temporally independent electroencephalography (EEG) components to understand how the human executive control system coordinates different brain regions to simultaneously perform multiple tasks with distractions presented in different modalities. The behavioral results showed that the reaction time (RT) in response to traffic events increased while multitasking. Moreover, the RT was longer when the distractor was presented in an auditory form versus a visual form. The IMA results showed that there were performance-related IMs coordinating different brain regions during distracted driving. The component spectral fluctuations affected by the modulators were distinct between the single- and dual-task conditions. Specifically, more modulatory weight was projected to the occipital region to address the additional distracting stimulus in both visual and auditory modality in the dual-task conditions. A comparison of modulatory weights between auditory and visual distractors showed that more modulatory weight was projected to the frontal region during the processing of the auditory distractor. This paper provides valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of attentional modulation during multitasking as well as an understanding of the underlying brain mechanisms that mediate the synchronization across brain regions and govern the allocation of attention in distracted driving.

Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Aortic Endothelium Identifies a Hierarchy from Endovascular Progenitors to Differentiated Cells

The cellular and molecular profiles that govern the endothelial heterogeneity of the circulatory system have yet to be elucidated. Using a data-driven approach to study the endothelial compartment via single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterized cell subpopulations within and assigned them to a defined endothelial hierarchy. We show that two transcriptionally distinct endothelial populations exist within the aorta and, using two independent trajectory analysis methods, confirm that they represent transitioning cells rather than discrete cell types. Gene co-expression analysis revealed crucial regulatory networks underlying each population, including significant metabolic gene networks in progenitor cells. Using mitochondrial activity assays and phenotyping, we confirm that endovascular progenitors display higher mitochondrial content compared to differentiated endothelial cells. The identities of these populations were further validated against bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from normal and tumor-derived vasculature. Our findings validate the heterogeneity of the aortic endothelium and previously suggested hierarchy between progenitor and differentiated cells.

Stochastic dynamical systems always undergo trending mechanisms of transition to criticality

We study diverse mechanisms of the transition of stochastic dynamical systems to critical states. We begin from employing two independent quantitative methods of time series analysis, first-order detrended fluctuation analysis and multivariate canonical coherence analysis, and investigate GPS data of land surface displacements. We find out that there are two different mechanisms of the transition to criticality: the first mechanism is consistent with that observed in some biological dynamical systems and associated with a growth of the energies at low frequencies in the power spectrum, whereas the second mechanism is new and governed by a decay of the energies at high frequencies. Despite this difference, we show that both mechanisms lead to a loss of chaoticity in the system’s behavior and result in a more deterministic evolution of the system as a whole. Basing on these findings, we develop a multivariate stochastic model that qualitatively explains both empirically observed mechanisms. The obtained results allow to pose a hypothesis that, in spite of the spread understanding, in stochastic dynamical systems of any nature the transition to a critical state is always realized through a trending nonlinear process that has nothing to do with purely random dynamics.

Evaluated the level density for proton induced nuclear resonances in (P+48Ti) reaction using different models

The experimental proton resonance data for the reaction P+48Ti have been used to calculate and evaluate the level density by employed the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, GOE version of RMT, Constant Temperature, CT and Back Shifted Fermi Gas, BSFG models at certain spin-parity and at different proton energies. The results of GOE model are found in agreement with other, while the level density calculated using the BSFG Model showed less values with spin dependence more than parity, due the limitation in the parameters (level density parameter, a, Energy shift parameter, E1and spin cut off parameter, σc). Also, in the CT Model the level density results depend mainly on two parameters (T and ground state back shift energy, E0), which are approximately constant in their behavior with the proton energy compared with GOE model. The RMT estimation used to calculate the corrections of the incompleteness proton resonance measurement data by using two methods; the conventional analysis method, which depends on the resonance widths and the updated, developed, tested and applied a new analysis method, which depends mainly on the resonance spacings. The spacing analysis method is found much less sensitive to non-statistical phenomena than is the width analysis method. Where the analysis of a given data set via these two independent analysis methods indicated the increasing in the reliability of the determination of the missing fraction of levels, the observed fraction f between 0.87+0.13−0.11 – 0.68+0.12−0.12 for different spin-parity of this reaction and then the distinguishability in the level density calculations can be achieved. The modified Porter Thomas distribution along with the maximum likelihood function have been used to get the missing levels corrections for 5 proton resonance sequences in the present reaction. To estimate the present long-range correlations for pure sequence of levels the mean square of the deviation of the cumulative number of levels from a fitted straight line represented by the Dyson and Mehta Δ3 statistic has been employed for spin parity 12+, and calculated the &lt;Δ3&gt; against the cumulative number of proton levels.

Lateral Heterogeneity of Cholesterol Distribution in Cell Plasma Membrane: Investigation by Microfluorimetry, Immunofluorescence, and TOF-SIMS

Lateral heterogeneity of cholesterol distribution in cell plasma membrane was revealed by a complex study using microfluorimetry, immunofluorescence microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Glioblastoma cells U87MG exhibit a high motility, and cell movements are accompanied by redistribution of proteins along the membrane surface. The formation of the protein caveolin-1 clusters at one of the plasma membrane edges was detected by confocal microscopy on cells labeled with antibodies against caveolin 1. Using two-photon excitation fluorescence of a membrane probe 4-dimethylaminochalcone, membrane areas of about 200 × 200 nm were examined on glioblastoma cells. Simultaneous detection of the decay kinetics and the fluorescence spectrum revealed the presence of regions with an increased cholesterol concentration in the membrane at the poles of the live migrating cell. TOF-SIMS provided direct data with high spatial resolution indicating colocalization of cholesterol and caveolin 1 and confirmed previously published data on the association of caveolin 1 complexes with cholesterol clusters. Thus, three independent methods of cell membrane analysis testify that localization of cholesterol-enriched membrane regions correlates with morphological features of moving glioblastoma cells.

Adaptive Independent Subspace Analysis of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

Methods for image registration, segmentation, and visualization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are used widely to help medical doctors in supporting diagnostics. The large amount and complexity of MRI data require looking for new methods that allow for efficient processing of this data. Here, we propose using the adaptive independent subspace analysis (AISA) method to discover meaningful electroencephalogram activity in the MRI scan data. The results of AISA (image subspaces) are analyzed using image texture analysis methods to calculate first order, gray-level co-occurrence matrix, gray-level size-zone matrix, gray-level run-length matrix, and neighboring gray-tone difference matrix features. The obtained feature space is mapped to the 2D space using the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method. The classification results achieved using the k-nearest neighbor classifier with 10-fold cross-validation have achieved 94.7% of accuracy (and f-score of 0.9356) from the real autism spectrum disorder dataset.

Predictive Analytics of In‐Service Bridge Structural Performance from SHM Data Mining Perspective: A Case Study

In‐service bridge structural performance analysis and prediction are usually complicated and challenging because of many unknown and uncertain factors. Contrary to the traditional structural appearance inspections and load tests, structural health monitoring (SHM) can provide a perspective for online analysis, prediction, and early warning. So far, SHM has been widely used in many bridge structures, and a lot of bridge SHM data have also been collected. However, the existing studies usually focus on some independent and unsystematic analysis methods, which are hard to use widely in engineering applications to reveal the overall structural performance. This study focuses on the structural performance analysis and prediction of the highway in‐service bridge. The dynamic problems in bridge SHM are pointed out firstly, followed by a detailed analysis about the characteristics of bridge SHM data. With the consideration of different characteristics, three targeted analysis methods are proposed. An urban concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder bridge (opened to traffic in 1995) is also presented, which once experienced some prominent vibration problems. The bridge SHM system is designed and stalled after several appearance inspections, load tests, and some reinforcement measures. The data mining methods proposed (distribution function, association analysis, and time‐series analysis) are employed for the analysis and prediction of structural response and deterioration extent. This study can provide some references for maintenance and management and can also build a foundation for further online analysis and early warning.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. BANK BRI DAN PT. BANK MANDIRI PERIODE TAHUN 2010-2014 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN RASIO KEUANGAN

Company's financial performance can be seen from the aspect of financial ratios, such as LDR, CAR, ROA and ROE. The development of a company, can be seen and can be compared through the company's financial performance. This is certainly useful for investors, creditors, and owners to make profitable investment decisions. This study aims to determine the differences in financial performance of PT. Bank BRI Tbk (Bank BRI) and PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk (Bank Mandiri) by using financial ratio analysis. This research has used Independent analysis method of sample t-test. This research uses secondary data from Indonesia Stock Exchange. The result of the research shows that there are significant differences in financial performance between Bank BRI and Bank Mandiri. Suggestions for the Management should better improve the financial performance in order to attract the attention of investors, so as to maintain its predicate as a bank that has the greatest asset in Indonesia.Keywords : : LDR, CAR, ROA, and ROE