Independent Character Research Articles

Notary public as subject of notarial process

The article is concerned with the study of problematic aspects of the definition of the system and competence of notarial bodies and the characteristics of the features of notarial procedural legal personality of a notary (another notarial body) as a mandatory subject of notarial procedural legal relations. It is emphasized that the system of subjects of notarial procedural legal relations differs from the system of subjects of notarial law, because it is formed within the framework of notarial proceedings regarding the performance of notarial acts. It is substantiated that notarial procedural legal personality has an independent character and is not a constituent part or manifestation of civil legal personality, but represents the unity of its structural elements: legal capacity and legal capacity. At the same time, the legal personality of different participants in procedural legal relations is not the same, since they have rights and obligations of different scope and nature. A notary (another notary body) is considered as a mandatory subject of notarial procedural legal relations, possessing a specific legal personality and a special legal position.
 The article describes the peculiarities of the legal status of a notary public (another notarial body), due to the need for the implementation of jurisdictional functions and the presence of law-enforcement powers, both regarding the determination of the procedural order of notarial acts (for example, involving interested parties, requesting and evaluating evidence, stopping or postponing the execution of a notarial act, etc.) and the issuance of a notarial act, which records the results of their performance.
 It is proven that by entrusting notarial bodies with the function of performing notarial acts, the state grants the notary real power (but not management) powers, and because of this, the legal personality of the notary has a peculiar content and is manifested in the competence, the content of which is the authority to perform notarial acts. In addition, in the notarial process, the possible and proper behavior of the notary coincides, since the notary has both the right and the obligation to perform a certain procedural action in the presence of the conditions stipulated by the law.
 The need for proper legislative regulation of system changes and the competence of notary bodies as subjects of the notarial process is noted.

ANALISIS POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBENTUK KEMANDIRIAN ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 2 TUGURAJA

This study discusses the role of parenting in shaping children's independence in State Elementary School 2 Tuguraja. The purpose of this study is to describe the parenting style of students at SDN 2 Tuguraja given by parents to form an independent attitude in children. This research method uses descriptive qualitative. With a sample of 2 students and 2 parents of students. Data were obtained using participant observation techniques, semistructured interviews, and documentation. The results showed that parenting styles are divided into three types, namely authoritarian parenting (require), democratic parenting and permissive parenting (liberating). So that ini Tuguraja 2 public elementary school, Mrs. N’s parents of HD students tend to use authoritarian parenting so that HD students have characters that are less independent and quite spoiled. Whereas Mrs. E’s parents of HP students tend to use democratic parenting so that HP students have an independent character. The conclusion of this study is that using authoritarian parenting tends to be less good for children's independence character, and using democratic parenting tends to have good children's independence character.
 
 Keywords: Child Independence, Parenting

Analisis Karakter Mandiri Dalam Kegiatan Outdoor Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar

Basically, character education is a conscious and planned effort to educate and empower students' potential in building their personal character so that they can become individuals who benefit themselves and their environment. Independent is doing activities that are done alone without help and without depending on others. In order for class III students to have independent character, outdoor activities are needed. Outdoor activities are learning that is carried out outside the classroom which is fun because you can enjoy the outdoors created by God Almighty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the independent character of class III outdoor activities at SD Muhammadiyah 16 Surabaya. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation and interview techniques. The research subjects were third grade students at SD Muhammadiyah 16 Surabaya. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that students are able to practice outdoor activities in their daily activities independently. Students are no longer dependent on other people such as parents, teachers and friends. Outdoor activities make students more enthusiastic about learning and make students think more critically.

US-Canada Relations in the 1950s - 1980s: Consensus or Disagreement?

The purpose of the article is to finalize the impact of the relationship between the USA and Canada on the Canadian foreign policy in 1957-1984. The author focuses the reader’s attention on analysis of trends in the relations between USA and Canada, as well as the identification of the patterns of their further development. Based on the use of an appropriate historical sources and scientific literature, the article gives an idea of the characteristic features of the relationship between the USA and Canada during the premierships of John Diefenbaker, Lester Pearson, Pierre Trudeau. When writing an article, the author uses a comparative historical method, as well as an interdisciplinary approach. The first allows us to compare the development of the relations between USA and Canada in 1957-1984. The latter shows the influence of the relationship between USA and Canada on the activities of political parties in Canada. The scientific contribution of the author of the article is that for the first time in Russian historiography, he considers not just the general directions of Canada’s foreign policy, but analyzes the key of them - the relationship between USA and Canada, its evolution and dynamics. The author comes to the conclusion that the periodization of the relationship between USA and Canada reflected the complexity of their development, and the anti-americanism of Diefenbaker and Trudeau had no deep foundation. Firstly, it was the result of Diefenbaker’s personal grievances against Kennedy. Secondly, Trudeau demonstrated that Canada’s foreign policy has an independent character. However, this did not mean his departure from the relationship between USA and Canada as a major.

Nilai Karakter Mandiri Anak Usia Dini Dalam Lirik Lagu Anak-Anak Karya Pak Kasur

This study examines several children's songs by Pak Kasur regarding aspects of independent character for early childhood. The purpose of this study was to find and describe the value of independent characters contained in the lyrics of children's songs by Pak Kasur, and to find out how to teach singing Pak Kasur's songs as independent character development in early childhood. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with the type of library research. The researcher examines and analyzes the contents of the lyrics of several children's songs by Pak Kasur as a source of data related to aspects of the independent character of early childhood. The results of this study indicate that the cultivation of independent character values ​​for early childhood can be done through the media of children's songs, in this case the songs by Pak Kasur. The results of the implementation of the introduction of Pak Kasur's children's songs can be seen from the children's ability to serve their own needs.

Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Peripheral Neuropathy.

Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a multisystem disorder of autoimmune etiology, frequently involving peripheral nerves. Early detection of peripheral neuropathy (PN) manifestations might improve prognosis and disease control. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the predictive potential of hematological and immunological parameters associated with PN development in pSS patients. This single-center retrospective study included patients with pSS who were divided into two groups, according to the occurrence of neurological manifestations throughout the follow-up period. From the total of 121 pSS patients included in the study, 31 (25.61%) developed neurological manifestations (PN+ group) during the follow-up period. At the moment of pSS diagnosis, 80.64% of PN+ patients exhibited increased disease activity, with ESSDAI scores above 14 (p = 0.001), and significantly higher values for VASp score (p = 0.001), with a mean value of 4.90 ± 2.45, compared to 1.27 ± 1.32 in the PN- group. The hematological assessment at the moment of pSS diagnosis revealed that neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the PN+ group (p = 0.001), while lymphocytes, monocytes and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were significantly lower (p = 0.025, p = 0.13 and p = 0.003, respectively). Immuno-inflammatory parameters-gammaglobulins, complement fractions C3, C4, total proteins and vitamin D were significantly lower in the PN+ patients' group. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictive character for PN development in pSS patients was confirmed for NLR (95% CI 0.033 to 0.263, p = 0.012), MLR (95% CI -1.289 to -0.194, p = 0.008), gammaglobulins (95% CI -0.426 to -0.088, p < 0.003), complement fraction C4 (95% CI -0.018 to -0.001, p < 0.030) and vitamin D (95% CI -0.017 to -0.003, p < 0.009). Readily available and frequently used hematological and immunological markers, such as NLR, MLR, gammaglobulins, C4 and vitamin D could be helpful in predicting the neurological involvement in pSS patients. These biological parameters might become useful tools for clinicians to monitor disease progression and identify potentially severe extraglandular manifestations in pSS patients.

The Wikipedia Republic of Literary Characters

Literary characters do not receive the same attention from literary scholars as other components of literature (i.e. the narrative, theme, motif). In contrast to this lack of interest, various studies have shown that characters in particular play an important role for readers. We draw on this observation to explore a user-oriented notion of World Literature according to the collaborative encyclopedia Wikipedia. Based on its language-independent taxonomy Wikidata, we collect data from 321 Wikipedia editions on more than 7000 characters presented on more than 19000 independent character pages across the various language editions. We use this data to build a network that represents affiliations of characters to Wikipedia languages, which leads us to question some of the established presumptions towards key-concepts in World Literature studies such as the notion of major and minor, the center-periphery opposition or the canon.

Средние слои в Российской империи в начале XX в.

The article examines the middle strata in Russia at the beginning of the 20th&nbsp;century, gives a definition of the term. The author indicates the dual nature of the middle strata: owners and workers, managerial and creative work. The term of middle strata reflects the economic, social and professional heterogeneity of the so-called middle class. The «old» and «new» middle strata are distinguished and those groups of the population that can be attributed to them. The old (traditional) middle strata, who came from the estates of peasants and burghers, included small traders, clerks, artisans, as well as other representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. All of them, with the development of market relations and liberation from estate dependence (in particular, shop restrictions), became professional workers. Their combination of property and personal labor was obvious: property was materialized, entrepreneurs worked in their institutions, and they were engaged not only in managerial and organizational work, but also in performing work, even if they attracted a certain number of workers. The new middle strata included various categories of employees, officials, intellectuals, including women. Their appearance and numerical growth were associated with the rapid development of capitalism in the Russian Empire after the bourgeois reforms of the second half of the 19th&nbsp;century. The work of these persons, as a rule, was well paid and had an independent character. They also possessed intellectual property. The new middle layers outnumbered the old ones in specific gravity. The author concludes that the middle layers were characterized by numerical growth and general scarcity; uneven territorial distribution (predominance in cities); multi-layered composition (capitalist and small-scale production); social, professional and industry heterogeneity; a combination of class and estate principles. All this testified to the incompleteness of the processes of class formation in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th&nbsp;century.

Peran Pendidikan Keluarga dalam Memperkuat Karakter Bangsa

Family education has a very important role in forming a strong and independent national character. Parents as agents of family education are obliged to provide proper education for their children so that they grow into generations of strong character and can build a better future for the nation. Family education does not only focus on academic aspects, but also on social, emotional, and spiritual aspects. The government and society must also provide support and cooperation in improving the quality of family education in Indonesia. This paper outlines the important role of family education in strengthening national character while at the same time trying to present a comprehensive solution that must be carried out jointly by the government, parents, and the community to improve the quality of family education in Indonesia. Parents must be able to recognize the needs and potential of their children so that they can provide education according to the needs and potential of children. The government can provide support in the form of integrated and comprehensive family education programs and financial assistance for underprivileged families. Communities can form family education groups that support and assist each other in educating their children and support the government in implementing family education programs.

Market Day Program for Low Class: Improving Independent Character Education at Elementary School

One of the central issues currently being discussed in the world of education is character education. Character education is experiencing disorientation, the fading of Pancasila values, and the shifting of life values as a result of globalization. This means that character education needs to be instilled from an early age, especially in elementary schools, one of which is independent character education. The aims of this study are to analyze the implementation of strengthening independent character education through "market day" for low grade students in elementary schools. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with a phenomenological research design. The research methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, inference and verification. The results showed that in the market day program there were 3 stages, namely planning by holding monthly meetings by the school to form a market day management team, the implementation stage starting from students preparing goods stands, selling merchandise to bookkeeping and the evaluation stage once a week to monitor the development of student independence. The study used 5 independent indicators including doing their own work, taking initiative, not giving up, self-confidence and self-satisfaction, all indicators were fulfilled and indicated that the market day program was successful in being able to strengthen the independent character education of low-grade elementary school students in the very good category.

From a slap to a punch: preparing Hermione Granger for postfeminist Hollywood

ABSTRACT This article analyses corresponding scenes from the Harry Potter books and films to assess how the character of Hermione Granger, one of the three protagonists in the Harry Potter universe, changed through the adaptation process from book to film. Our analysis uncovered three interrelated themes. The theme Emotional Hermione shows that the emotions displayed by Hermione shift from more feminine-coded in the books to more masculine-coded in the films. In the process, she becomes a more powerful and independent character. This is also the case in the theme Girl Power, which is not present in the books but appears in the films from the third instalment onwards. Hermione is awarded more opportunity in the films to display both her intellectual and physical strengths. Through the Reallocation of Lines she also becomes a more fully-fledged character. As she takes lines in the films that were allocated to Harry and Ron in the books, Hermione gains more of a voice, even though this voice is not authentically hers. These changes arguably occurred as the Hermione from the books was not seen as an appropriate representation of a girl in postfeminist Hollywood at a time where Girl Power had just gained ascendance.

신영복 한글서예의 캘리그라피적 가치

Shin Young-bok is called by various titles. They are university professors, economists, life-threatening prisoners, death row prisoners, oriental classicists, writers, essayists, thinkers, intellectuals of the times, teachers of the times, and calligraphers. In this study, 'calligrapher Shin Young-bok' was illuminated. As his various titles suggest, the thoughts that blossomed in his tumultuous life fully permeated into his writings and served as a means of communication with contemporaneous people. The reason why this was possible is that it has established itself as an art familiar to the public while renewing the aspect of an independent character art that has broken away from traditional Korean calligraphy.&#x0D; The calligraphy art genre, which has emerged since the mid-1990s, meshes with the social and cultural trend that values individual taste and individuality. At the center of this is Shin Young-bok's Korean calligraphy. His Korean calligraphy is not very different from the calligraphy genre we recognize as it is used in various designs such as broadcasting or movie titles, book titles, and product logos. In other words, his handwriting has no awkwardness in the modern calligraphy art culture. Accordingly, by analyzing the calligraphic expressiveness of Shin Young-bok's Korean calligraphy, it was possible to find the important value of his letter art. First, there is a formal beauty that implies individuality and emotion. Second, it belongs to an art genre that reflects the times. Third, it is a letter art that the public can get close to.&#x0D; As such, Shin Yeong-bok's Korean calligraphy is in a pioneering position in that it has deviated from the reproduction of traditional calligraphy and realized the formative beauty of a new typeface, and has artistic significance as a milestone in the ever-changing calligraphy art. It is clear that the current calligraphy art culture is a product of the expansion of traditional calligraphy, and it can be seen as a natural change in calligraphy art according to the needs of the times. As long as the lives of people who use letters are conducted, the direction of art to contain emotions in letters will lead the development of calligraphy art culture.

Systemic Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Is It a Real Paradigm? Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Indexes in Patients with Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Background (1): Our goal was to investigate if and how pre-operative inflammatory status can influence the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing lung surgery for cancer. Materials and Methods (2): This prospective observational study includes the agreement of all operable patients to the study, who were referred to our department between 1 January 2017 and 30 December 2018. The inflammatory pre-operative status of the patients was investigated by calculating albumin, CPR (c-protein reactive), complete blood count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, hemoglobin), and some other indexes referring to inflammatory status, namely the HALP amalgamated index, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and advanced lung cancer inflammation Index (ALI). The follow-up ended in November 2021. Patient overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. Variables significantly associated with survival at univariate analysis were entered int Cox multivariate analysis (stepwise mode) to assess their independent character. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Variables associated with p < 0.05 were considered significative. Results (3): We enrolled 257 patients in our study. The overall survival of the cohort was as follows: 1 year, 96.1%; 3 year, 81.3%; and 4 year, 74.2%. Univariate analysis showed risk factors for overall survival as follows: Thoracoscore ≥ 2 (p = 0.002); histology (p = 0.002); HALP < 32.2 (p = 0.0002); SII ≥ 808.9 (p = 0.0004); ALI < 34.86 (p = 0.0005); NLr ≥ 2.29 (p = 0.01); hemoglobin < 13 g/dl (p = 0.01); PLR ≥ 196.1 (p = 0.005); pN+ (p < 0.0001); pleural invasion (p = 0.0002); and presence of vascular or lymphatic tumor emboli (p = 0.0002). Multivariate Cox analysis (stepwise model) identified Thoracoscore ≥ 2 (p = 0.02); histology, HALP < 32.2 (p = 0.004), and pN (p < 0.0001) as independent predictors of death. Conclusion (4): Pre-operative inflammatory status strongly influences long-term prognosis in patients affected by NSCLC and undergoing surgery.

Differential Expression and Clinical Relevance of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) in Renal Cell Carcinomas, Benign Renal Tumors, and Metastases

C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) is part of the human chemokine system and involved in progression and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of CXCR4 protein expression in RCC remains controversial. In particular, data regarding the subcellular distribution of CXCR4 in RCC and RCC metastasis as well as CXCR4 expression in renal tumors of variant histology are limited. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the differential CXCR4 expression in RCC primary tumor and metastatic tissue as well as in variant renal histologies. In addition, the prognostic capacity of CXCR4 expression in organ-confined clear cell RCC (ccRCC) was evaluated. Three independent renal tumor cohorts (primary ccRCC cohort n1 = 64; cohort of various histological entities n2 = 146; metastatic RCC tissue cohort n3 = 92) were evaluated using tissue microarrays (TMA). After immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4, nuclear and cytoplasmic expression patterns were evaluated. CXCR4 expression was correlated with validated pathologic prognosticators, clinical data, and overall and cancer-specific survival. Positive cytoplasmic staining was observed in 98% of the benign and 38.9% of the malignant samples. Nuclear staining was positive for 94.1% of the benign samples and 83% of the malignant samples. The median cytoplasmic expression score was found to be higher in benign tissue than in ccRCC (130.00 vs. 0.00); median nuclear expression score analysis indicated the opposite (56.0 vs. 71.0). Within malignant subtypes, the highest expression score was seen in papillary renal cell carcinomas (cytoplasmic: 117.50, nuclear: 41.50). Within benign renal tumors, high cytoplasmic and nuclear CXCR4 expression scores were seen for oncocytomas (cytoplasmic: 100.00, nuclear: 31.00). Expression scores in RCC metastasis ranked between benign renal tissue and ccRCC in cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. Cytoplasmic CXCR4 expression was identified as a prognostic factor for OS and CSS (p = 0.042; p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis including clinicopathological parameters did not reveal an independent prognostic character of CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 expression differs significantly within benign lesions and renal neoplasms. Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of CXCR4 could be detected across all RCC subtypes. The prognostic value of CXCR4 in ccRCC was confirmed in univariate analysis.

Teacher’s Leadership n Developing Character of Early Childhood: Case Study at Harapan Bunda Kindergarten, Jambi City

The purpose of this article is to describe the role of teacher leadership as a model for early childhood character development, as well as the difficulties in developing children's character. The study uses a qualitative approach in describing situations from social reality. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, verification, and conclusion. This study concludes that the teacher's leadership role can shape the childhood independent character. Firstly, the role of teacher leadership in learning as a model of childhood independence for habituation. Secondly, there are childhood independent characters in daily activities. Thirdly, there are difficulties faced by teachers in realizing independent characters for children. This study recommends that teachers need to be given leadership reinforcement in early childhood character development so that they can develop optimally.

Building the Independent Character of Elementary School Students

The cultivation of independent character among elementary school students is crucial in the 21st century. Strong character traits such as empathy, integrity, responsibility, and resilience help students navigate challenges and make positive contributions to their communities. This research focuses on the development of independent character among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive research method with a qualitative approach was used, involving observation, interview, and documentation as data collection techniques. The subjects of the research were the school principal, teachers, students, and parents. The data was analyzed through source triangulation techniques to identify opportunities and challenges in the development of character, including in-class learning activities, school culture, and extracurricular activities. In-class learning provides a foundation of knowledge and values, while the school community creates a supportive and inclusive environment. Extracurricular activities allow students to develop skills and interests and expose them to new experiences. Effective integration of these three elements helps students become well-rounded and independent individuals.

Analisis Penggunaan Aplikasi Schoology Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas XI IPS MA Nurul Jadid Sumber Anyar

This study aims to determine the use of the schoology application on the interest in learning of class XI social studies students. Approach This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Respondents in this study were 2 IT (Information Technology) teachers and five students of class XI IPS MA Nurul Jadid from 18 students. Data collection techniques carried out include observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques in this study include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of the Schoology application can be carried out well in class XI IPS MA Nurul Jadid Sumber Anyar. Analysis of the use of the Schoology application by focusing on student interest in independent character, discipline and responsibility.

EXAMINING THE REGULATION OF INDEPENDENT PROCEDURE AT THE INDONESIAN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COURT

This study aims to examine whether the current industrial relations court procedural law system is sufficiently ideal as a reference for the settlement of industrial relations disputes in Indonesia and to test the urgency of regulating independent procedural law in the Court of Indonesian Industrial Relations. This is a normative legal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and comparative approach. The result shows that the industrial relation court procedural law system is not ideal enough to accommodate the development and complexity of disputes that occur in Indonesian labor today. Simple, quick and inexpensive way of settling dispute is difficult to occur when the procedural law that is enforced still adopts or is unable to escape from HIR, RBg, RV as civil procedural law (colonial product), which has a general character. The Industrial Relations Court as one of the Special Courts must be able to show its independent character, including in regulating procedural law. Comparative studies with the state of Thailand, Malaysia and Japan are used in this paper in order to illustrate the importance of the regulation concerning the Industrial Relations Court procedures. Changes to the procedural law of the Industrial Relation Court are urgent to do in order to provide an effective and efficient means of dispute resolution that is able to represent simple, quick and inexpensive principles according to the needs or demands of workers and employers today

Perspective of Muhammadiyah Education Institutions on the Dynamics of Multicultural Islamic Education

The conceptual purpose of this article is to reveal the dynamics of multicultural Islamic education from the perspective of Muhammadiyah educational institutions. A qualitative writing method with a historiographical approach to reveal cultural history, cultural practices and explanations of the cultural texts of the Muhammadiyah educational institution. The findings of this conceptual research on multicultural Islamic education are the disclosure of the dynamics of the Muhammadiyah institution which has a moderate Islamic style seen from the attitude values instilled in cadres, students and students in each educational institution it manages. Multicultural values are instilled through al-Islam and Muhammadiyah subjects as a characteristic of Muhammadiyah education, which is different from other educational institutions. Because this subject is characteristic, it becomes an "objective identity" that is accepted by the public outside of Muhammadiyah. In this context, there are five objective identities as the elaboration of al-Islam and Muhammadiyah into the Muhammadiyah education system, namely; 1) cultivating tajdîd/innovative ways of thinking, 2) having anticipatory abilities, 3) developing a pluralistic attitude, 4) cultivating independent character, and 5) taking moderate steps.

An updated analysis of hominin phylogeny with an emphasis on re-evaluating the phylogenetic relationships of Australopithecus sediba

The discovery and description of Australopithecus sediba has reignited the debate over the evolutionary history of the australopiths and the genus Homo. It has been suggested that A. sediba may be an ancestor of Homo because it possesses a mosaic of derived Homo-like and primitive australopith-like traits. However, an alternative hypothesis proposes that the majority of the purported Homo-like craniodental characters can be attributed to the juvenile status of the type specimen, MH1. We conducted an independent character assessment of the craniodental morphology of A. sediba, with particular emphasis on evaluating whether the ontogenetic status of MH1 may have affected its purported Homo-like characteristics. In doing so, we have also expanded fossil hypodigms to incorporate the new Australopithecus anamensis cranium from Woranso-Mille (MRD-VP-1/1), as well as recently described Paranthropus robustus cranial remains from Drimolen (DNH 7, DNH 155). Morphological character data were analyzed using both standard parsimony and Bayesian techniques. In addition, we conducted a series of Bayesian analyses constrained to evaluate the hypothesis that Australopithecus africanus and A. sediba are sister taxa. Based on the results of the parsimony and Bayesian analyses, we could not reject the hypothesis that A. sediba shares its closest phylogenetic affinities with the genus Homo. Therefore, based on currently available craniodental evidence, we conclude that A. sediba is plausibly the terminal end of a lineage that shared a common ancestor with the earliest representatives of Homo. We caution, however, that the discovery of new A. sediba fossils preserving adult cranial morphology or the inclusion of postcranial characters may ultimately necessitate a re-evaluation of this hypothesis.