Increasing Labor Productivity Research Articles

Financial development and labour productivity growth in stagnant industries

ABSTRACT In recent decades, the US economy has experienced the flow-on effects of rapid expansion by industries with low productivity growth. We investigate whether financial development increases labour productivity growth in these so-called stagnant industries, with analysis revealing remarkable post-1980 US interstate banking deregulation. These improvements are not an artefact of growing consumer demand, nor driven by skilled labour migration. Rather, they are the likely outcome of improved capital allocation and enhanced credit access for small firms. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of financial development in revitalizing stagnant sectors, and mitigating productivity disparities across industries.

Possibilities for increasing labour productivity by implementing innovative activities in the repair and service sector of animal husbandry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are signifi cantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the signifi cant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most significant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal financial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the efficiency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certification and rationalization of workplaces are effective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fixed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the field of animal husbandry.

Africa's Manufacturing Puzzle: Evidence from Tanzanian and Ethiopian Firms

Abstract Recent growth accelerations in Africa are characterized by declining shares of the labor force employed in agriculture, increasing labor productivity in agriculture, and declining labor productivity in modern sectors such as manufacturing. To shed light on this puzzle, this study disaggregates firms in the manufacturing sector by average size, using two newly created firm-level panels covering Tanzania (2008–2016) and Ethiopia (1996–2017). The analysis identifies a dichotomy between larger firms with superior productivity performance that do not expand employment and small firms that absorb employment but do not experience much productivity growth. Large, more productive firms use highly capital-intensive techniques, in line with global technology trends but significantly greater than what would be expected based on these countries’ income levels or relative factor endowments.

Improving the procedure for interaction between participants in the construction control system in order to increase labor productivity

In connection with the current demand for reducing the implementation of investment and construction projects, there is a need to determine the risks that affect the duration. Within the framework of building and construction works, there is a risk of various destabilizing factors arising, leading to economic losses and increased construction period, and consequently a decrease in labor productivity. Existing administrative barriers, maintaining and coordinating a large amount of executive documentation leads to high costs of various resources. In this regard, the work optimized the functioning of the construction control system. The study identified factors that influence the functioning of the construction control system. A rational procedure for carrying out construction control of capital construction projects has been determined. The study used such methods as: the method of expert assessments, statistical data analysis, and the Varimax rotation method. The results of the study were introduced into the activities of the organization performing the functions of a developer at the stage of construction of objects. As a result, a method of interaction between participants in the construction control system has been formed, which allows increasing labor productivity.

Analysis of Labor Productivity in Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Works for a Multi-Story Building (Case Study: UPN "Veteran" East Java Twin Tower Building)

In a project construction , productivity power Work be one factor affecting efficiency and success project . This is very important in work Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) in buildings multilevel , where is precision time , quality , and reliability installation is very important comfort and security user building the . Study This aim for analyze productivity power working on Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) work on the construction of the UPN "Veteran" East Java Twin Tower Building. Collected data covers planning and realization in the site , such as coefficient power work , volume of work daily , total labor daily , and productivity power Work . The analytical method used is compare between productivity planning and productivity realization in the site . Research result show that there is difference significant productivity between planning and realization in the site . Actual productivity in the site is lower than planning productivity. These findings can be used as input for contractors to increase labor productivity on similar construction projects in the future.

Additive construction production: past, present, future

An overview of the development of additive construction production from the beginning of the formation of prerequisites to the present moment and future prospects for the development of 3D construction printing in the world is given.The publications of international citation databases, including the results of research in the field of additive construction production for the period from 1972 to 2024, are considered as the basis of the study.The study is divided into several stages, the first of which is devoted to the analysis of search queries and the definition of relevant keywords.It was revealed that the most popular phrases describing the use of additive technologies in construction are “Concrete Printing” and “3D Concrete Printing”, therefore, as part of the subsequent stage of work, abstract samples were formed on their basis to analyze and summarize the results of relevant scientific research. The final stage of the study included a more detailed study of the main results of scientific works characteristic of three time intervals describing past, present and future trends in scientific activity in the subject area under consideration. The results of the study show a significant increase in interest in the technology of construction 3D printing with concrete due to the realization of the potential to increase labor productivity in construction and reduce the negative impact on the environment in comparison with traditional construction production technologies, which can become a driver of sustainable development of the construction industry.The conducted research makes it possible to conclude that there are still unresolved problems on the way of active implementation of the technology, which are constraining factors for the widespread introduction of additive construction production, in particular the issues of printing horizontal structures of floors and coatings of buildings, reinforcement of load-bearing structures printed with a 3D printer. According to the authors, the solution of these problems should be given priority in future research, along with the development of new formulations for 3D printing with concrete.

Personnel motivation in the sphere of business management

Introduction. The paper deals with the peculiarities of personnel motivation in the field of business management that organization and use of values management help to strengthen the value of staff identity and is focused on the formation of the value system in the company as a whole. The purpose of the paper is to study of the personnel motivation system in the field of business management. Results. The result of the study is the generalization and systematization of the concepts of management of value staff. According to the results of the study, dominant trends in the organizational behavior of employees were revealed, depending on their level and tendency to changes in work. Increasing labor productivity and efficiency can be achieved by using your own potential through a motivational mechanism and makes work interesting. The peculiarities of changes in the work used by employees in organizations do not allow them to reduce the stress of working with people, which inevitably leads to psycho-emotional burnout. The methods used allow to provide the risks of professional burnout, the dismissal of the employee and the reduction of qualitative indicators, as well as to determine the dominant strategy of rethinking their organizational behavior. Conclusion. Value management integrates economic (labor efficiency) and psychological (involvement, relationships, satisfaction from work). It is an integral part of a developed organizational culture and becomes available only at a certain stage of the company's life cycle. The management of values based on a resource approach allows the leader to improve the economic indicators of the organization at the expense of personal resources of employees (through their involvement, identification of personal values with values of the organization) without the use of additional financial incentives and penalties.

Artificial intelligence and unemployment dynamics: an econometric analysis in high-income economies

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data science (DS) on unemployment rates across ten high-income economies from 2015 to 2023.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes a unique approach by employing a dynamic panel data (DPD) model with a generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator to address potential biases. The methodology includes extensive validation through Sargan, Hansen, and Arellano-Bond tests, ensuring the robustness of the results and adding a novel perspective to the field of AI and unemployment dynamics.FindingsThe study’s findings are paramount, challenging prevailing concerns in AI, ML, and DS, demonstrating an insignificant impact on unemployment and contradicting common fears of job loss due to these technologies. The analysis also reveals a positive correlation (0.298) between larger government size and higher unemployment, suggesting bureaucratic inefficiencies that may hinder job growth. Conversely, a negative correlation (−0.201) between increased labour productivity and unemployment suggests that technological advancements can promote job creation by enhancing efficiency. These results refute the notion that technology inherently leads to job losses, positioning AI and related technologies as drivers of innovation and expansion within the labour market.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s findings suggest a promising outlook, positioning AI as a catalyst for the expansion and metamorphosis of employment rather than solely a catalyst for automation and job displacement. This insight presents a significant opportunity for AI and related technologies to improve labour markets and strategically mitigate unemployment. To harness the benefits of technological progress effectively, authorities and enterprises must carefully evaluate the balance between government spending and its impact on unemployment. This proposed strategy can potentially reinvent governmental initiatives and stimulate investment in AI, thereby bolstering economic and labour market reliability.Originality/valueThe results provide significant perspectives for policymakers and direct further investigations on the influence of AI on labour markets. The analysis results contradict the common belief of technology job loss. The study’s results are shown to be reliable by the Sargan, Hansen, and Arellano-Bond tests. It adds to the discussion on the role of AI in the future of work, proposing a detailed effect of AI on employment and promoting a strategic method for integrating AI into the labour market.

Türkiye’de Asgari ücretin Makroekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Teorik ve Ampirik bir Analiz

This study aims to comprehensively examine the macroeconomic factors influencing the determination of minimum wage in Turkey from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The analysis includes variables such as real minimum wage, unionization rates, inflation levels, unemployment rates, real economic growth (GDP), and labor productivity. The findings indicate a positive relationship between unionization rates and the minimum wage, with inflation also leading to an increase in the minimum wage. Conversely, higher unemployment rates are found to decrease the minimum wage, while economic growth positively impacts it. Increased labor productivity, however, is associated with a decrease in the minimum wage. Additionally, dummy variables for crisis periods were not statistically significant. These results highlight the importance of considering various macroeconomic factors in the formulation of minimum wage policies. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and pave the way for future research. Key Words: Minimum wage, Unemployment, CPI, GDP, ARDL Model. JEL Codes: E1, E24, J3.

Influence occupational health safety and work discipline on employee productivity at the energy and mineral resources department of South Sumatra

Purpose: This study aims to determine how the productivity of employees of the Energy and Mineral Resources Agency is measured based on health safety and work discipline. Research Methodology: Quantitative methods were used, and the data collection techniques used in this study were observation, documentation, and questionnaire distribution. While the data analysis techniques in the study were analyzed using normality test, multicollinearity test, heroskedacity test, multiple linear analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, determination coefficient analysis, and hypothesis testing which consists of t test (partial) and f test (simultaneous). Results: The results of the hypothesis testing concluded that partial occupational health safety has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity at the Energy and Mineral Resources Office of South Sumatra Province. Work discipline had a positive and significant effect on employee productivity at the Energy and Mineral Resources Office of South Sumatra Province. Simultaneously, occupational health safety variables and work discipline had a positive and significant effect on employee productivity at the Energy and Mineral Resources Office of South Sumatra Province. Limitations: The research was conducted only at the Energy and Mineral Resources Office of South Sumatra Province and only included occupational health safety variables, work discipline, and employee productivity. Contribution: The results of this study are expected to contribute to increasing labor productivity, as well as provide useful references for other researchers and UPGRI in increasing knowledge and abilities in the world of labor.

The social effects of energy regulation: Energy-consuming rights trading system and corporate labor demand

Although it is a key measure to control energy consumption and promote the improvement of industrial structure, energy market allocation reform has rarely been concerned with its impact on employment, an important livelihood issue. To fill this gap, this paper takes the Energy-Consumption Rights Trading System (ECRTS) enacted by China in 2016 as a research background and adopts the difference-in-difference approach to explore the effects and mechanisms of the ECRTS on enterprise labor demand. The results show that the ECRTS significantly reduces firms' labor demand, particularly for low-skilled workers, through both production scale effects and technological upgrading effects. Specifically, the ECRTS has led to a decrease in sales revenues and an increase in labor productivity, thereby reducing firms' labor demand. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the ECRTS has a greater impact on employment in firms with lower energy-consumption intensity, domestic capital injections, weaker innovation capacity, and lower market power. The paper also explores the welfare consequences of the policy, finding that while the ECRTS does not improve the environmental performance of firms it does not pass on the compliance costs of regulations to incumbent workers. The overall impact is neutral. This paper extends the study of the economic consequences of the ECRTS and has implications for other developing countries in reconciling energy regulation and employment.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DI SEKTOR INFORMAL MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The increase in the number of informal workers in Malang City occurred during the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic. On the other hand, the average wage or salary for informal workers in Malang City experienced a decline when the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic began. However, the average wage or salary is starting to improve with an increase of 41.05% from 2021 to 2022. The amount of this increase can be indicated to be accompanied by an increase in labor productivity where wages and labor productivity have a very reciprocal relationship. Moreover, productivity is an important element in measuring economic activity. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify factors that influence labor productivity in the informal sector during the Covid-19 pandemic in Malang City. The data in the research were obtained from Sakernas data for 2021 and 2022. This research used quantitative descriptive methods with cross section data regression. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that in 2021 training, digital technology, marital status and number of family members will influence the productivity of informal workers. Meanwhile, in 2022 education, training, digital technology, marital status, age and number of family members will influence the productivity of informal workers in Malang City.

Severance savings accounts and life-cycle savings

Severance savings accounts (SSA) is an important government program aimed at protecting laid-off workers and stimulating savings. We analyze the distributive and aggregate effects of SSA in a rich life-cycle model with heterogeneous agents and incomplete markets. The model is estimated to be consistent with micro and macro data from Brazil. Our analysis reveals that, despite a decrease in voluntary savings, the policy expands aggregate savings, output, and wages, leading to long-run welfare gains. We show that although better risk sharing is important for our findings, the bulk of the gains come from improved efficiency as labor productivity increases and labor supply is reallocated towards highly educated workers and the early stages of the life cycle where agents are generally poorer and leisure is less valued. Interestingly, most of the gains we find accrue to less educated agents as the distribution of this group is skewed towards the informal sector, and they do not directly incur the additional burden from the increase in contributions. We also explore an alternative policy design in which households are allowed to access their severance savings accounts only after retirement, as in a defined contribution pension system. We find that despite greater uncertainty in medical costs later in life, households prefer a more flexible system that provides access to the SSA fund during working-age and after retirement.

Distributional effects of immigration and imperfect labour markets

In canonical models, the labour share is orthogonal to immigration shocks in the long run, regardless of the impact of immigration on productivity. In contrast, this paper provides evidence that immigration increases labour productivity while reducing the labour share. We produce this evidence using data from Great Britain with a shift-share instrument that exploits European Union expansions and changes in immigration to other high-income countries. Our results are consistent with the predictions from imperfect labour market models, where immigrant and native workers are heterogeneous in skills, and the former have lower labour supply elasticities than the latter. A significant implication of our analysis is that immigration redistributes income from workers to employers.

Innovation and investment activities in crop production in Kazakhstan based on the example of grain industry: modern approaches

Innovative and investment development of agro-industrial complex, based on modernization of technical equipment, introduction of digital technologies, and increase in investment flow, helps to increase labor productivity and create competitive products, which determined the relevance of the study. The goal is theoretical and methodological substantiation and development of practical recommendations for stimulating innovation and investment activity in crop production sector of the republic based on the example of grain subcomplex. Methods – study of statistical, economic information, systematic approach to identifying general trends and effects, graphical representation. Results – lack of modern agricultural machinery, insufficient level of modernization of rural infrastructure and access to the market, low degree of renewal of fixed assets of enterprises, wear and tear of machinery and equipment, limited influx of investments due to seasonality and high risks for investors have become the main obstacle to sustainable growth of the main indicators of this sector of economy. The authors conducted correlation analysis of the dynamics of investment in crop production and gross production, which was confirmed by strong positive relationship. Conclusions – by summarizing, the authors recommend increase investment capital in the use of environmental and green technologies, implementing training and consulting programs for farmers on advanced technologies and innovations in crop production farms, leasing financing, and partnerships with research institutes for the exchange of knowledge and experience. Joint research and experiments should become the main tools of state regulation of innovation and investment activities in agriculture in order to ensure the country's food security. Investments and innovations should be considered as a single system, on the successful functioning of which the economic recovery and stabilization of agricultural production depend.

Relationship between capital accumulation and production growth in the interpretation of the R. Solow's model of economic growth

The study of economic growth factors is of greatest interest in modern economic science. The level of economic development is the key to solving social problems and improving the quality of life of the population. This study examines the impact of capital accumulation on economic growth. The author uses a neoclassical approach to the analysis of economic growth factors. Capital accumulation in the main sectors of the economy – mining, manufacturing, agriculture – is considered as a factor indicator. The main hypothesis of the study is that currently, the accumulation of fixed capital in important sectors of the Russian economy is not enough to significantly increase labor productivity and subsequent economic growth. This requires not only a qualitative, but also a quantitative assessment of the capital accumulation factor. Based on the results of the study, conclusions of practical importance were drawn. Firstly, an increase in capital per 1 worker by 1% leads to an increase in labor productivity by more than 1%, that is, the growth in labor productivity outpaces the growth in capital per 1 worker. Consequently, the capital-labor ratio can be considered as an important factor of economic growth. Secondly, a negative factor should be considered the lag in the pace of production renewal from the pace of withdrawal of fixed assets in industry and agriculture in some regions of Russia, which dictates the need to implement special programs in certain regions of Russia to intensify the development of manufacturing and agriculture. Thirdly, increasing the rate of capital growth per 1 worker for higher growth of labor productivity is advisable only in the manufacturing industry and agriculture, which is associated with the currently lower rates of capital growth per 1 worker in these industries compared to the mining industry.

The role of immersive technologies in increasing labour productivity on the example of augmented and virtual reality

The role of immersive technologies in increasing labour productivity on the example of augmented and virtual reality

Employees’ Participation in Organization Management in the EAEU Member States: Traditions and Innovations

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the issues of employees’ participation in administration of an organization within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author begins the research with the history of the emergence of the right of employees to participate in the management of the organization, moving on to the analysis of current trends in corporate governance, where he pays special attention to the role of employees in making key decisions. It is emphasized that the active involvement of employees in the management of the organization not only contributes to the democratization of labor relations, but also directly correlates with increased labor productivity, improved corporate culture and overall job satisfaction. Through a historical review, the development of the idea of employees’ participation in management is shown: starting from the period of the birth of labor law in medieval Europe to modern practices in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. A separate section is devoted to the theoretical foundations of employees’ participation in management. The main part of the study focuses on the analysis of general trends and national characteristics of employees’ participation in the management of organizations in each of the EAEU member States. In conclusion, recommendations are presented concerning optimizing the mechanisms of employees’ participation in management at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union. Attention is focused on the need to take into account both common approaches and national characteristics. The author describes key problems and challenges that need to be overcome for the effective implementation of employees’ participation practices in management.

Robot Imports and Firm-Level Outcomes

Abstract We use French data over the 1994–2013 period to study how imports of industrial robots affect firm-level outcomes. Guided by a simple model, we develop a novel empirical strategy to identify the causal effects of robot adoption. Our results suggest that, while demand shocks generate a positive correlation between robot imports and employment at the firm level, exogenous exposure to automation leads to job losses. We also find that robot exposure increases labour productivity and some evidence that it may raise the relative demand for high-skill professions.

Artificial Intelligence – Illusions and Reality

Some aspects of the “artificial intelligence” phenomenon are considered, including possible political and economic reasons for its appearance. The directions for the development of artificial intelligence are outlined, which can bring real benefits to the state and society at the moment, first of all, the further development of digitalization of public administration and the improvement of devices to increase labor productivity. Signs are given that, according to the author, indicate the participation of a chatbot in preparing the text. To inform readers about the use of the chatbot, it is proposed to place special labels next to such texts. It has been suggested that the use of a chatbot in the preparation of scientific articles is an illusion that the lack of abilities, experience and professionalism can be replaced by technical competence and material resources, which in the future, with large-scale use, can lead to a distortion of the meaning of not only educational activities, but also to the changes in the researcher's activities.