Increasing Disaster Resilience Research Articles

Exploring Historical Patterns of Urban Migration in Pakistan: Origins and Drivers

This study explores the historical patterns and antecedents of urban migration in Pakistan, focusing on the interaction of demographic, economic, and environmental factors. Economic factors like wage disparities, job opportunities, and service access significantly influence migration. Rapid urbanization and inadequate infrastructure make it difficult to house and integrate migrants, exacerbating existing housing, transportation, and healthcare issues. The study advocates for evidence-based policymaking, utilizing descriptive analysis, focusing on sustainable urban development, migrant welfare, and inclusive growth. This study has identified various economic, demographic, and environmental factors that have contributed to rapid urbanization, such as migration for healthcare, education, and services. Still, low economic growth and rapid population growth lead to higher unemployment, low wages, natural disasters, and political instability. It emphasizes prioritizing rural development, improving urban infrastructure, and increasing disaster resilience. Proposals call for regional cooperation and climate change adaptation strategies to address cross-border migration challenges.

Priority for improving disaster resilience at the Higher Education Level: awareness, integration, and Management

Abstract Muhammadiyah University (Unismuh) Palu, one of the universities in Central Sulawesi, has potential resources to ensure the use of science and technology foundations in disaster management. In addition, increasing disaster resilience is a shared responsibility and requires the involvement of all parties, including the academic community, through systematic, massive, and structured activities. The research aims to analyze the priority of increasing disaster resilience at the Higher Education Level based on the role of internal stakeholders and the determinant aspects related to awareness, integration, and management. The study used a qualitative descriptive method to describe the history of earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction events in Central Sulawesi. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the hierarchy of stakeholder priorities and aspects in increasing disaster resilience at Unismuh Palu through implementing the Four Pillars of Higher Education towards a Disaster Awareness Academic Community and a Disaster Preparedness Campus. The results show that disaster literacy is very important in efforts to increase disaster resilience at Unismuh Palu. The results show that disaster literacy is very important in efforts to increase disaster resilience at Unismuh Palu. Institutional leadership and awareness are a priority for the role of internal university stakeholders and the determining aspect that has the highest value. This is related to regulations and management that guarantee the implementation of disaster mitigation integrated with the Four Pillars of Higher Education activities to increase disaster resilience at Unismuh Palu.

Engagement of the Resilience Evaluation Instrument for Pasar Blumbang Wirokerten Tourism Village Yogyakarta Against Disaster Risk

Wirokerten village has advantages in the field of cultural tourism and Micro, Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) potential place called Pasar Blumbang. Despite all the advantages, this area also a threat of disaster. Therefore, this research aims to assess village resilience against risky disaster to measure the level of community resilience in facing disasters. Research methods using evidence-based independent assessments by villages and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to agree on assessments assisted by facilitators or village assistants. The result of assessment shows that the percentage shows an increase in residents’ awareness of potential disasters in the Wirokerten Village area. These results become the basis for decision-making about actions to increase disaster resilience and monitor its progress. This workshop is expected to increase the resilience of Wirokerten Village and surrounding communities to natural disasters.

Disaster preparedness perception, pyschological resiliences and empathy levels of nurses after 2023 Great Turkiye earthquake: Are nurses prepared for disasters: A risk management study.

The purpose of the study is to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions, psychological resilences and empathy levels of nurses after 2023 Great Turkiye Earthquake. This descriptive study was conducted in 2023 using with E-Anket. This study was carried out with voluntary participation of 464 nurses living in different geographical regions of Turkiye. The data of the study were obtained utilizing Nurses' Disasters Prepardeness Perception Scale (NDPPS), Pyschological Resileince Scale (PRS) and Empathy Scale (ES). In this study, the disaster preparedness perception of the nurses was found to be at medium level. More than half of the nurses (65.1%) reported that they did not received any disaster training before. A meaningful was found between the nurses' disaster preparedness perceptions and their empathy levels and psychological resilence. As in many countries, it is possible to state that also in Turkiye, the training of nurses for disasters are inadequate and that the studies on this subject are limited. This study will provide a theoretical platform to develop nurses' awareness of disaster preparedness and pyschological resilience and empathic approach programs to increase disaster resilience, and to conduct future research on disaster nursing.

Analisis Korelasi Disaster Resilience dengan Faktor Ansietas Tenaga Kesehatan Tim PSC 119 yang terlibat dalam Manajemen Bencana

Disaster resilience leads to the capacity that individuals have to adapt positively in the face of disasters. The purpose of this study is the Development of a Disaster Resilience Model in an Effort to Improve the Disaster Resilience of Health Workers The PSC 119 Team involved in Disaster Management with the first stage of analyzing factors related to disaster resilience in the PSC 119 team involved in handling natural disasters. The research design used by researchers is correlational research with a cross-sectional approach. In this study will use the Purposive sampling technique. The sampling technique uses a total sampling and collected as many as 110 PSC 119 officers in Malang Regency. Data collection using Disaster Resilience questionnaires on Health Workers and DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). The data analysis used in this study is univariate and bivariate. Spearman correlation is used to find out the relationship between the degree of closeness of two variables. Results from the Spearman Correlation Test show a significant relationship between disaster resilience with anxiety (R= -0,361, p value= 0.000) and weak correlation strength. It is hoped that the results of this study can be the next steps in improving the coping of health workers and providing policy recommendations related to the resources needed, as an informative reference not only for health workers but also for health students in formulating strategies to increase disaster resilience in health workers involved in disaster management.

The Need for a Preparedness Training Model on Disaster Risk Reduction Based on Culturally Sensitive Public Health Nursing (PHN)

This study aims to identify the various needs for a culturally sensitive PHN-based disaster risk-reduction preparedness training model. This study used a descriptive qualitative research design. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and expert panel stages in the Indonesian language. Samples involved in the research included 4 experts and 11 informants. There were 10 themes generated from the results. The analysis results revealed that the level of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the community is still low. Almost all of the people of Mekar Mukti Village stated that they had never received community-based disaster management training. The study findings highlighted the importance of the Disaster Risk-Reduction Preparedness Model Based on Culturally Sensitive Public Health Nursing for the community.

How to Improve Disaster Resilience in the Climate Crisis

The purpose of this paper is to suggest what are the ways to improve disaster resilience in the era of climate crisis. Some suggestions to increase disaster resilience can be presented as follows. Establishing the core system, including value, institute, leadership, devotion, expertise; Various stakeholders in the public and private sectors to participate in the decision-making and activities; Community to have the economic capacity to secure the resources to enhance disaster resilience; A long-term effective permanent cooperation platform between different social systems; The socially embedded disaster management system with disaster resilience for overcoming the impact of mega-disaster; Increasing disaster relief and welfare support activities for the resilience of disaster victims; Developing the role and capacity of the local community and active participation of local residents; Reducing disaster vulnerability, such as increasing investment in safety-vulnerable classes, regions, and facilities; An integrated disaster management organization that can respond externally while maintaining the internal efficiency of the organization.

Analysis of physical dimensions in tsunami disaster resilience in Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone, Indonesia

The Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a tourism area close to faults and active volcanoes. This location causes the Tanjung Lesung SEZ to have a high tsunami threat. In 2018, this area became an area affected by the Sunda Strait tsunami, which caused various losses, including casualties. This study aimed to examine the physical characteristics of the Tanjung Lesung coastal area, which has a tsunami threat. The physical characteristics in the research are elements that can affect the resilience of the tsunami disaster on the Tanjung Lesung coast. These include land use, topography, evacuation routes, and settlement conditions. This study used primary and secondary data obtained through government agencies and a field survey in 2021. The overlay analysis method on GIS was used to provide a spatial explanation of the physical characteristics of tsunami-prone areas. The study results showed that shrubs, a slope of 2-15%, and a height of 5-25 m above sea level dominate the area with the category of dangerous and very dangerous levels. The results also explained that there are settlements with wooden wall structures and cement floors located in very dangerous areas (with an area of 32.06 ha) and dangerous areas (with an area of 11.62 ha). Based on the analysis, there are three distinct categories in the research area. All three categories require coastal boundary planning that considers the tsunami threat to increase disaster resilience. The research results can be used to increase disaster resilience or spatial planning in coastal areas.

The role of infrastructure, socio-economic development, and food security to mitigate the loss of natural disasters.

This study shows the impact of risk (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) and resilience (infrastructure, information and communication technology, institutional quality, food security, women empowerment, economic performance, human capital, emergency workforce, and social capital) indicators on losses due to natural disasters in 24 high-income, 24 upper-middle-income, 30 lower-middle-income, and 12 low-income countries from 1995 to 2019. It develops a new disaster risk index and disaster resilience index using standard index-making procedure (indicators selection, winsorization, normalization, aggregation). The generalized additive modeling was used to explore the non-linear relationship between response and explanatory variables. There exists a positive link between damage due to natural disasters and hazard index (all panels) and exposure index in high-income countries. The decrease in damage due to natural disasters was observed due to an increase in infrastructure (upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries), information and communication technology (high-income countries), institutional quality (high-income countries), food security (high- and upper-middle-income countries), women empowerment (lower-middle-income countries), economic performance (high- and low-income countries), human capital (low-income countries), and emergency workforce (upper-middle and lower-middle-income countries). The governments should enhance disaster resilience through Sendai Framework, having seven targets and four priority areas to increase disaster resilience.

The Impact of Natural Disasters and Climate Change on Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis

This study shows the effect of natural disasters, rainfall, temperature, economic growth, renewable energy, and contributing family workers on the agricultural development index in 101 countries of all income groups (i.e., 24 high, 29 upper-middle, 32 lower-middle, and 16 low). It develops a new agricultural development index using a standard procedure. The two-step generalized method of moments depicts revealed the adverse consequences of natural disasters on agriculture. Renewable energy showed a favorable impact on agricultural development in all panels. Contrarily, the reduction in agricultural development was reported due to an increase in temperature in all panels. Agricultural development increased due to economic growth in all panels. It is required to increase disaster resilience to minimize disaster-related losses. It is recommended to increase renewable energy use for agricultural development. Policymakers should make strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of global warming.

Practice Report “Smart Disaster Management” — Combining Smart City Data and Citizen Participation to Increase Disaster Resilience

Abstract Smart cities have a huge potential to increase the everyday efficiency of cities, but also to increase preparation and resilience in case of natural disasters. Especially for disasters which are somewhat predicable like floods, sensor data can be used to provide citizens with up-to-date, personalized and location-specific information (street or even house level resolution). This information allows citizens to better prepare to avert water damage to their property, reduce the needed government support, and — by connecting citizens locally — improve mutual support among neighbors. But how can a smart city application be designed that is both usable and able to function during disaster conditions? Which smart city information can be used? How can the likelihood of mutual, local support be increased? In this practice report, we present the human-centered development process of an app to use Smart City data to better prepare citizens for floods and improve their mutual support during disasters as a case study to answer these questions.

Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in Indonesia: A Narrative Review

Background:The tectonic activities at the meeting points of three large plates make Indonesia a high-risk disaster-prone area. Nevertheless, disaster risk reduction efforts in various regions of Indonesia are still lacking, in terms of both knowledge and the ability to analyze disaster risks. This study examines the implementation of disaster preparedness and mitigation in Indonesia.Methods:The method used in this study was narrative review. The authors collected the articles through searching for 3 data sources from 2016–2019 using Google Scholar, iSeek, and Microsoft Academic. Content analysis of all information to obtain the thematic phenomena of this study completed the methodological approach.Results:After applying the exclusion criteria and removing duplicates, six studies remained that focused on disaster mitigation in remote areas of Indonesia. Implementation of regulation and policy framework in disaster management is not yet optimal. Disaster preparedness and mitigation is characterized by the low utilization of technology and information related to the disaster, and various obstacles in the process of evacuation and transportation. Promoting local wisdom and enhancing it through integrating science can increase disaster resilience.Conclusion:The existence of a disaster-resilient village is very influential in community preparedness in dealing with disasters and other emergencies. This study provides some recommendations for disaster risk reduction: a) strengthening policies related to evacuation procedures in the health sector by local government, b) integrating transportation modes in remote areas, c) enhancing all parties with education and training, d) establishing community-based information systems; and e) strengthening the disaster resilience of villages.

The Preparedness Level of Families with Disabilities Children in Facing the Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster in Padang, West Sumatra

Disability groups are groups vulnerable to disaster risk. Most families with disabilities feel worried about defending themselves in the event of a disaster. They are less socialized with disaster mitigation efforts. This research has provided an overview of the preparedness of families with disabilities children in increasing disaster resilience. Analytical research was conducted on families with disabilities children in the city of Padang. Data collection tools in this study used a standard questionnaire from LIPI-UNESCO / ISDR. The data were processed by a computer and analyzed using multiple regression statistical tests. The results showed the preparedness of Families With Disabilities Children in the face of disasters; it was seen that the knowledge category was ready (42.2%), the preparedness plan category was not ready (37.8%), the disaster warning category was not ready (46.7%), the resource mobilization category was not ready, ready (82.2%), the tsunami disaster preparedness index value is 57% (ready category). This research recommended local governments must provide special treatment for people with disabilities by increasing training, seminars, and disaster simulations.

Report of Alliance of International Science Organizations on Disaster Risk Reduction (ANSO-DRR) Conference 2020.

This article summarizes the proceedings of the four-session meeting (webinar) conducted by the Alliance of International Science Organizations on Disaster Risk Reduction (ANSO-DRR) on 18 May 2020. ANSO-DRR is an international, nonprofit and nongovernmental scientific alliance bringing together academies of science, research organizations and universities which share a strong interest in disaster risk reduction in the regions along the land-based and maritime routes of the Belt and Road Initiative. ANSO-DRR convenes an annual meeting to review its work progress and discuss its scientific programs. The first session was the opening statements and was followed by the introduction and updates on ANSO-DRR in the second session. The third session was the depiction of the big picture of ANSO, the umbrella organization of ANSO-DRR, led by the Assistant Executive Director of ANSO, while the fourth session was a presentation of perspectives on the strategic development of ANSO-DRR. One of ANSO-DRR’s key strategies is to enhance disaster mitigation and response through multidisciplinary cooperation among disaster and healthcare sciences (i.e., health emergency and disaster risk management (Health-EDRM)). It aims to enhance DRR efforts by performing as an instrument in connecting people along the Belt and Road regions, focusing on DRR resource and database development, involving higher education institutions in DRR efforts and increasing disaster resilience in built infrastructures.

Increasing Coastal Disaster Resilience Using Smart City Frameworks: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities

Sea-level rise, storm surges, and floods in coastal cities have already threatened large population and infrastructure with potential to increase significantly in future as climate changes. Therefore, increasing disaster resilience has become a major priority for coastal cities. At the same time, recent development in information and communication technology, ubiquitous sensors, and advanced data science allow us to generate insights that were unimaginable before and can assist in better managing coastal disaster risks. In this paper, using an infrastructure resilience lens, we critically review a set of academic literature that focus on the new development of smart systems in coastal disaster management and a set of use cases that focus on their practical application in different coastal cities. We find that smart city technologies such as internet of things (IoT) and crisis informatics have significant potential and have been increasingly used in academic studies but their city-scale applications in coastal disaster management have been limited. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of using smart city frameworks for increasing disaster resilience of coastal communities.

Analysis of disaster resilience of urban planning facilities on urban flooding vulnerability

Rainfall continues to increase due to the influence of global warming and is resulting in an increase in flood damage. The purpose of this study is to propose an approach for reducing urban flood damage and improving urban resilience. Urban flooding vulnerability analysis used land use and building characteristics as evaluation indicators. Disaster resilience analysis of urban planning facilities focused on urban and spatial aspects. The results of these analyses were overlapped to analyze whether urban planning facilities were properly located in areas vulnerable to urban flooding. The result of mapping the two results showed that there are some urban planning facilities with low resilience in the Red Zone, the central commercial area of Changwon, which has the highest vulnerability. This zone should have the appropriate placement of high-resilience facilities, such as disaster prevention facilities and space facilities. This study proposes a method to minimize flood damage in urban space. This system can cope with and systematically manage flood damage by increasing disaster resilience through appropriate land use planning and site selection for urban planning facilities.

The Question of Educational Institutions’ Building Sustainability in Case of Groundwater Flooding (Based on Implementation of Sendai Framework)

With the aim of increasing disaster resilience of educational institutions it is suggested to use Sendai Framework scorecards at local and object levels. The scorecards were complemented by evaluation criteria for partially drowned educational buildings and methods of working out optimal solutions for groundwater remediation. The paper suggests an approach based on solving geofiltration equations and methods of solving extremal problems.

Assessing Canada’s disaster baselines and projections under the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: a modeling tool to track progress

Under the United Nations (UN) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), 187 countries including Canada committed to increasing disaster resilience and reducing disaster losses by 2030. In order to track these commitments, the UN developed methodological guidance to establish baselines and assess progress across seven global targets for disaster risk reduction. This article describes research that employs the UN methodology to create baselines and targets for Canada, and extends the UN methodology further by developing a statistical modeling software application to project current trends to the year 2030. Based on the results, Canada would need to prevent 88 hazard events from becoming disasters; keep the disaster fatality rate near zero; avoid 4700 disaster-related injuries; prevent 556,000 people from being evacuated; avoid $92 billion in disaster losses; and protect significant sources of critical infrastructure from disruption. Three key limitations were identified in the research: First, there was a lack of consistent Canadian data across impact categories and over time; second, the historical record of disasters, particularly hydrometeorological disasters, may not be an adequate proxy for the future; and third there were also acute prediction limitations in the projection model which could not account for very frequent small-scale and very infrequent catastrophic-scale disaster events. Though the model projections suggest Canada may face a significant challenge in the years ahead, with a recently announced $180 billion infrastructure investment plan, there is an opportunity for Canada to better manage disaster risks, by not just building back better, but also building smart to start.

Development of structural debris flow fragility curves (debris flow buildings resistance) using momentum flux rate as a hazard parameter

Societal risks associated with debris flow hazards are significant and likely to escalate due to global population growth trends and the compounding effects of climate change. Quantitative risk assessment methods (QRA) provide a means of anticipating the likely impacts and consequences of settlement in areas susceptible to landslide activity and are increasingly being used to inform land use decisions that seek to increase disaster resilience through mitigation and/or adaptation. Current QRA methods for debris flow hazards are based primarily on empirical vulnerability functions that relate hazard intensity (depth, velocity, etc.) to expected levels of loss for a given asset of concern, i.e. most of current methods are dedicated to loss-intensity relations. Though grounded in observed cause-effect relationships, empirical vulnerability functions are not designed to predict the capacity of a building to withstand the physical impacts of a debris flow event, or the related uncertainties associated with modelling building performance as a function of variable debris flow parameters. This paper describes a methodology for developing functions that relate hazard intensity to probability of structural damage, i.e., fragility functions, rather than vulnerability functions, based on the combined hydrodynamic forces of a debris flow event (hazard level) and the inherent structural resistance of building typologies that are common in rural mountainous settings (building performance).Hazard level includes a hydrodynamic force variable (FDF), which accounts for the combined effects of debris flow depth and velocity, i.e. momentum flux (hv2), material density (ρ) and related flow characteristics including drag (Cd) and impact coefficient (Kd). Building performance is measured in terms of yield strength (Ay), ultimate lateral capacity (AU) and weight to breadth ratios (W/B) defined for a portfolio building types that are common in mountain settlements. Collectively, these model parameters are combined using probabilistic methods to produce building-specific fragility functions that describe the probability of reaching or exceeding successive thresholds of structural damage over a range of hazard intensity values, expressed in terms of momentum flux. Validation of the proposed fragility model is based on a comparison between model outputs and observed cause-effect relationships for recent debris flow events in South Korea and in Colombia. Debris flow impact momentum fluxes, capable of resulting in complete damage to unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) in those regions are estimated to be on the order of 24 m3/s2, consistent with field-based observations. Results of our study offer additional capabilities for assessing risks associated with urban growth and development in areas exposed to debris flow hazards.

A Proposed Restoration Strategy for Road Networks After an Earthquake Disaster Using Resilience Engineering

Resilience is the capability to promptly recover from damage caused by a disturbance. In recent years, “resilience engineering” has been drawing attention as a new concept in the disaster prevention and crisis management field. Resilience engineering is a method for improving resilience through actions and responses on a case-by-case basis. It is based around social and technological systems, and includes both individuals and organizations. When a system encounters an unprecedented situation, this method involves avoiding the worst-case scenario based on “responding ability,” “monitoring ability,” “anticipating ability,” and “learning ability.” This paper introduces an application case for early recovery planning related to road networks damaged by an earthquake using the resilience engineering method. It also discusses the utility of the resilience engineering method and its future deployment for increasing disaster resilience.