Abstract
This study shows the effect of natural disasters, rainfall, temperature, economic growth, renewable energy, and contributing family workers on the agricultural development index in 101 countries of all income groups (i.e., 24 high, 29 upper-middle, 32 lower-middle, and 16 low). It develops a new agricultural development index using a standard procedure. The two-step generalized method of moments depicts revealed the adverse consequences of natural disasters on agriculture. Renewable energy showed a favorable impact on agricultural development in all panels. Contrarily, the reduction in agricultural development was reported due to an increase in temperature in all panels. Agricultural development increased due to economic growth in all panels. It is required to increase disaster resilience to minimize disaster-related losses. It is recommended to increase renewable energy use for agricultural development. Policymakers should make strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of global warming.
Highlights
Climate change is continuously shown negative effects on agricultural production (Faisal et al, 2020), which in turn disturbs food availability (Faisal et al, 2021)
This study shows the effect of natural disasters, rainfall, temperature, economic growth, renewable energy, and contributing family workers on the agricultural development index in 101 countries of all income groups (i.e., 24 high, 29 upper-middle, 32 lower-middle, and 16 low)
Renewable energy showed a favorable impact on agricultural development in all panels
Summary
Climate change is continuously shown negative effects on agricultural production (Faisal et al, 2020), which in turn disturbs food availability (Faisal et al, 2021). Policymakers trying to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on human beings. Disasters show devastating effects on food security, which in turn led to greater vulnerability (FAO, 2018). Agriculture is the most affected sector by climate change and natural disasters (Figure 1). The agricultural sector faced approximately 16% of total damage, 31% of total disaster loss, and 23% of total damage and loss in the world (FAO, 2018). It is forecasted that losses due to natural disasters will rise due to climatic changes and the vulnerability of modern societies (Panwar and Sen, 2019). The developing nations are vulnerable to natural disasters due to less diversification and dependence on agriculture (Noy, 2009)
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