Increase In Pressure Research Articles

Hábitos alimenticios e hipertensión en pacientes ambulatorios de un Hospital en Honduras

Eating habits play an important role in the prevention and management of high blood pressure. The World Health Organization demonstrated that poor eating habits trigger arterial hypertension, which is a chronic increase in blood pressure with values ​​equal to or greater than 140 millimeters of mercury (MmHg) systolic pressure and 90 mmHg. diastolic pressure. The general objective of this study was to identify the eating habits of patients with high blood pressure who attended the outpatient clinic at the Gabriela Alvarado Hospital in Danlí, Honduras, in the period January-March 2024. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study; The study data was obtained through a structured questionnaire addressed to each of the participants. Among the results found, the eating habits of the 81 participating patients reflect that 86.4% eat 3 times a day, with lunch being the most substantial with 88.9%, in which they mainly consume more fruits and vegetables, 35.8% consume 4 to 6 glasses of water a day, have eating habits that include healthy aspects according to their health status.

A Particularly Dangerous Case of the Bubble Effect in Transformers That Appeared in a Large Mass of Pressboard Heated by Mineral Oil

The topic concerns the so-far-unknown mechanism of the bubble effect (b.e.) in a large mass of moist cellulose heated with mineral oil. The well-known b.e. occurs in the Hot Spot area, i.e., in the place where the hot metal of the windings is in contact with the insulation paper. The authors first showed that cyclic heating of a windings model causes the drying of both the insulation paper and pressboard, but the paper dries faster. For this reason, the bubble effect inception temperature can be lower in the pressboard than in the paper. Next, the authors showed that the bubble effect in the pressboard is very intense and causes a sudden and very large increase in pressure in the tank. Moreover, if the tank seal is suddenly damaged because of this, the number and volume of bubbles will increase dramatically. Next, the influence of the mass of cellulose to the mass of oil ratio on the pressure increase dynamics was tested. This experiment showed that the greater the mass of cellulose to the mass of oil, the greater the increase in pressure in the test chamber. The authors also determined that the characteristics of the bubble effect initiation temperature in the pressboard samples, depending on their moisture content, ranged from 2.0 to 4.8%. The experiment showed that the b.e. in the pressboard proceeds in the same way as in paper insulation. The research results showed that, in addition to the well-known b.e. in the winding paper in the Hot Spot area, the b.e. can occur in a large mass of pressboard cellulose, which can be much more dangerous for the transformer.

Effects of Supplementation With Different Specificities of Dietary Fiber on Health-Related Indicators in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Dietary fiber (DF) exhibits variations in its chemical and physical complexity, as well as in its utilization by the gut microbiota. However, the impact of these differences on the health status of adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the varying effects of supplementing with different specificities of DF on the health of adults with overweight or obesity, providing guidance on selecting DF supplementation to improve health status. The literature search encompassed 4 electronic databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE-and was conducted between January 1, 2012, and November 10, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing DF with placebo treatment, without energy restriction, were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, resolving discrepancies through discussion. The data included study characteristics, participant demographics, DF specifications, and outcome measures. Random-effects models and the generic inverse variance method were used to analyze data, assuming varying outcomes based on DF specificity. Meta-regression assessed the impact of population, duration, and dosage. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. The analysis included 34 trials (n = 1804) examining DF supplementation at 1.5 to 40 g/day for 3 to 16 weeks. DF supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.13%, fasting insulin by 0.82 μIU/mL, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.33 in adults with overweight or obesity. Subgroup analyses based on DF specificity revealed differences in effects on HbA1c, fasting insulin, and systolic blood pressure. The low-specificity subgroup showed significant heterogeneity in body weight, body mass index, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, with a decrease in fasting insulin by 1.09 μIU/mL. The low-to-intermediate-specificity subgroup had reductions in HbA1c by 0.8%, fasting insulin by 2.08 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR by 0.61. The intermediate-specificity subgroup experienced a 2.85-kg decrease in body weight and a 9.03-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol. The mixed subgroup showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.85 mmHg. Supplementing with different specificities of DF may have distinct effects on health-related indicators in adults with overweight or obesity. Considering individuals' gut microbiota composition and specific health goals is recommended when selecting DF supplementation for adults with overweight or obesity. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432920.

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on intraocular pressure in patients with OSA: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on intraocular pressure in Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The search was performed in Ovid Medline and Embase database then followed by a manual bibliography search. Abstract search and screening were independently performed followed by eligible full-text versions reviewed. Then disagreements were discussed in a group. This systematic review and meta-analysis considered 15 studies with 495 participants. The pooled mean intraocular pressure after CPAP therapy shows no significant difference compared to the baseline (MD, 0.58 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.33 to 1.19). Subgroup analysis shows significantly higher intraocular pressure after in-lab PAP titration and after long-term CPAP used (MD, 4.28 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.91 to 7.66; MD, 0.45 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.83; respectively). Ocular perfusion pressure was also significantly decreased after CPAP therapy. (MD, -2.15 mmHg; 95% CI, -3.50 to -0.80). The pooled data showed no significant difference in RNFL thickness and macular layer thickness. After long-term treatments CPAP therapy, there is a significant increase in intraocular pressure in patients with OSA and a decrease in ocular perfusion pressure but did not show a significant difference in other ophthalmologic parameters. For this reason, CPAP usage in glaucoma patients necessitates to be done cautiously. This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022370734).

Study of Fluid Flow Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Aviation Fuel-Welded Pipelines via the Fluid–Solid Coupling Method

The welded pipeline structure of aircraft fuel is a complex and diverse entity, significantly influenced by fluid–solid coupling. The refined aviation fuel-welded pipeline model plays a pivotal role in the investigation of its fluid–solid coupling mechanical properties. However, the mechanical analyses of pipelines with welded structures frequently simplify or ignore the influence of the weld zone (WZ). Consequently, these analyses fail to reveal the complex interactions between different weld zones in detail. In this study, a comprehensive and precise fuel-welded pipeline refinement model is developed through the acquisition of microstructural dimensions and mechanical parameters of the weld zone via metallographic inspection and microtensile testing. Additionally, the influence of clamps and brackets under airborne conditions is fully considered. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results are compared and verified using modal and random vibration tests. This paper addresses the impact of diverse fluid characteristics on the velocity field, pressure field, and stress in disparate areas, and it also conducts an investigation into the random vibration characteristics of the pipeline. The results demonstrate that the fluid pressure and velocity exert a considerable influence on the fluid flow state and structural stress distribution within the pipeline. An increase in flow velocity and alteration to the pipeline geometry will result in a change to the local velocity distribution, which in turn affects the distribution of the fluid pressure field. The highest stresses are observed in the weld zone, particularly at the junction between the weld zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In contrast, the stresses in the bend region exhibit a corrugated distribution in both the axial and circumferential directions. An increase in fluid pressure has a significant impact on the natural frequency of the pipeline. This study enhances our comprehension of the mechanical properties of aircraft fuel lines with fluid–solid coupling and provides a foundation and guidance for the optimal design of fuel-welded lines.

Thermodynamic Sorption Study of a Medicinal Plant Using the Standard Static Gravimetric Method for a Better Conservation

Aromatic and medicinal plants are a natural source of pharmaceutical compounds with curative and therapeutic properties. They have been used for centuries to treat various ailments and offer alternative options to conventional treatments. Among these plants, Marrubium vulgare L., which is widely used in traditional medicine for diabetes treatment, has antioxidant potential as well as anti-inflammatory, healing, and soothing properties, attracting increasing medical interest. In this context, the hygroscopic behavior of Marrubium vulgare L. is reported. The adsorption-desorption isotherms of Marrubium vulgare leaves were determined using the standard static gravimetric method at three temperatures (30, 40, and 50 °C) to ensure physicochemical and microbiological stability throughout the storage process. The results showed that the adsorption-desorption isotherms of all samples followed a sigmoidal pattern, consistent with other agricultural products discussed in the literature. The optimal moisture content for conservation was also determined. The GAB (Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer) and double polynomial models were the most suitable for describing the sorption curves. The adsorption-desorption data were examined to determine the moisture content of the monolayer (3.4-9.7%), properties of sorbed water in porous structures and surfaces, total heat of wetting, net isosteric heat of sorption, spreading pressure, differential entropy, and enthalpy-entropy compensation. It was also observed that the spreading pressure and average pore radius increase with rising relative humidity and temperature, leading to the appearance of defects on the surface of Marrubium vulgare leaves. Compensation theory is essential to consider when evaluating the impact of temperature on the adsorption-desorption properties. The Gibbs free energy was positive for sorption, indicating that the process is non-spontaneous.

Research on the Green Investment of Traditional Energy Enterprises and Its Effectiveness Under Environmental Regulation

Using data from 188 traditional energy companies listed on China’s A-share market from 2012 to 2023, this study adopts the double-difference method to assess the changes in the green investment of traditional energy companies before and after the implementation of environmental regulation policies in depth and further explores the actual effects and potential risks of green investment on the green transformation of traditional energy companies. This study shows that the environmental regulation policies significantly increased the green investment of traditional energy enterprises, but this increase did not effectively promote the overall green transformation of the enterprises; rather, they became more focused on meeting the current compliance requirements while ignoring the fundamental green technological innovation and production mode change. Further analysis reveals that, as environmental standards continue to rise, the increasing green investment expenditure of traditional energy companies for meeting the standards will continue to outpace the growth in capital inflows of traditional energy companies, resulting in a threat to the financial soundness of the companies in the short term and a significant increase in financial pressure. In the long run, the lack of sustained and stable external financial support for a long period of time will not only constrain the green transformation process of enterprises but may also pose a serious threat to the survival foundation of enterprises and even lead to the elimination of enterprises in fierce market competition.

Venous compression causes chronic cerebral ischaemia in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients

BackgroundCerebral autoregulation is a robust regulatory mechanism that stabilizes cerebral blood flow in response to reduced blood pressure, thereby preventing cerebral ischaemia. Scientists have long believed that cerebral autoregulation also stabilizes cerebral blood flow against increases in intracranial pressure, which is another component that determines cerebral perfusion pressure. However, this idea was inconsistent with the complex pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus, which includes components of chronic cerebral ischaemia due to mild increases in intracranial pressure.MethodsTwenty-one patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus were included in this study. To determine the pressure setting of the Codman-Hakim programmable valve, intracranial pressure was measured after shunt surgery by puncturing the Ommaya reservoir, which formed a closed circuit with the needle and the syringe. Then, intracranial pressure was continuously measured with intermittent infusion of cerebrospinal fluid from the same closed circuit. We also continuously measured oximetry data, such as regional cerebral oxygen saturation derived from near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring. These data were digitized, recorded, and used for calculating intracranial compliance and the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid volume loading and intracranial pressure.ResultsThis study demonstrates that in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, cerebral venous vascular bed compression induces mild cerebral ischaemia when intracranial pressure is slightly higher than physiological venous pressure. Cerebral venous compression impairs cerebral blood flow by quadratically increasing circulatory resistance according to Poiseuille’s law. Furthermore, chronic cerebral ischaemia occurred even at low or normal intracranial pressures when deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensities (DSWMHs) were severe.ConclusionThe fact that cerebral blood flow impairment begins at very low intracranial pressures indicates that cerebral autoregulation to compensate for reduced venous blood flow is not functioning adequately in NPH. These processes provide a link between impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation, cerebral autoregulation, and neurological dysfunction, which has been missing in patients with NPH involving small vessel arteriosclerosis. These findings may provide insight into similar conditions, such as normal-tension glaucoma and chronic kidney disease, in which a mild increase in local compartment pressure leads to chronic ischemia in organs protected by autoregulatory mechanisms.

Numerical analysis of the hydraulic fracture propagation behavior encountering gravel in conglomerate reservoirs

Hydraulic fracturing, which forms complex fracture networks, is a common technique for efficiently exploiting low-permeability conglomerate reservoirs. However, the presence of gravel makes conglomerate highly heterogeneous, endowing the deformation, failure, and internal micro-scale fracture expansion mechanisms with uniqueness. The mechanism of fracture expansion when encountering gravel in conglomerate reservoirs remains unclear, challenging the design and effective implementation of hydraulic fracturing. This paper utilizes the Abaqus platform and adopts the maximum circumferential strain fracture criterion to establish a two-dimensional fluid-solid-structure coupled fracture expansion model. The study investigates the impact of permeability, Young’s modulus, in-situ stress difference, and incidence angle on the fracture expansion behavior in the presence of gravel. The results indicate that low-permeability gravel induces pressure changes near the fracture tip, like 13% pore pressure increase and stress reductions. Shear stress on the gravel surface rises by 28.3%, and choosing layers with a smaller permeability gap between matrix and gravel can reduce complex near-well fractures. High Young’s modulus gravel has a stress shielding effect around fractures, which is direction-dependent, with over tenfold stress variations. It causes a 60.7% increase in peak shear stress on the gravel surface, exacerbating fracture complexity and reducing extension distance, and a greater strength disparity between gravel and matrix enhances this effect. A high in-situ stress difference (over 8 MPa) weakens gravel-caused stress shielding, leading to stable fracture propagation with a single morphology and increased extension distance, though not favoring complex network formation. As the incidence angle rises, the gravel’s impact on stress and seepage fields weakens, but the risk of shear failure on the cementation interface increases. The findings provide a basis for optimizing operations in such reservoirs considering the various properties of gravel and their effects on fluid flow and fracture behavior.

Origin of oxygen partial pressure-dependent conductivity in SrTiO3

SrTiO3 (STO) displays a broad spectrum of physical properties, including superconductivity, ferroelectricity, and photoconductivity, making it a standout semiconductor material. Despite extensive research, the oxygen partial pressure-dependent conductivity in STO has remained elusive. This study leverages first-principles calculations and systematically investigates the intrinsic defect properties of STO. The results reveal that VO, VSr, and TiSr are the dominant intrinsic defects, influencing STO's conductivity under varying O chemical potentials (oxygen partial pressures). Under O-poor condition, VO is the predominant donor, while VSr is the main acceptor. As the oxygen pressure increases, TiSr emerges as a critical donor defect under O-rich conditions, significantly affecting the conductivity. Additionally, the study elucidates the abnormal phenomenon where VTi, typically an acceptor, exhibits donor-like behavior due to the formation of O-trimer. This work offers a comprehensive understanding of how intrinsic defects tune the Fermi level, thereby altering STO's conductivity from metallic to n-type and eventually to p-type across different O chemical potentials. These insights resolve the long-standing issue of oxygen partial pressure-dependent conductivity and explain the observed metallic conductivity in oxygen-deficient STO.

A constitutive model for coal gangue coarse-grained subgrade filler incorporating particle breakage

The accumulation and discharge amount of coal gangue are substantial, occupying significant land resources over time. Utilizing coal gangue as subgrade filler can generate notable economic and social benefits. Coal gangue coarse-grained soil (CGSF) was used to conduct a series of large-scale vibration compaction tests and large-scale triaxial tests. The results indicate that the maximum dry density of CGSF initially increases and then decreases with the increase in fractal dimension. The stress–strain curves of the samples exhibit a distinct nonlinear growth pattern. Analysis of the compaction effect suggests that the compaction degree of CGSF should not be lower than 93%. As the confining pressure increases, the extent of failure strength improvement due to increased compaction decreases. Additionally, the failure strength of samples initially increases and then decreases with the increase in coarse particle content. A modified quadratic polynomial fractal model gradation equation was proposed to describe the gradation of samples after particle breakage. Based on this, a new quantitative index for particle breakage was established. Analysis of particle breakage in samples revealed that higher confining pressure and greater coarse particle content lead to increased particle breakage. The breakage exhibited a significant size effect, and the impact of particle gradation on sample breakage was greater than that of confining pressure. The stress–strain relationship of CGSF was analyzed by using a logarithmic constitutive model, and the correlation between model parameters and the newly derived particle breakage index was generated. A constitutive model incorporating particle breakage for CGSF was established, and its accuracy was validated.

Experimental investigation of gas seepage characteristics in coal seams under gas-water-stress function

Seepage experiences were conducted on coal samples with diverse levels of moisture content, gas pressure, and effective stress to investigate how gas seepage in a coal seam is affected by the interaction of gas, water, and stress. The results of the study revealed the intricate relationship between these factors and their impact on the permeability and seepage behavior of coal. The findings indicate that, with increasing gas pressure, the permeability of coal specimens containing different levels of moisture varies distinctly. When coal samples have low moisture content, their permeability displays a pattern of “increase - decrease - increase” as gas pressure increases. However, with the further increase of moisture content, the “increase-decrease” trend of permeability with the increase of gas pressure disappears. The relationship between permeability and effective stress can be modeled using either a quadratic or logarithmic function. On the other hand, the connection between permeability and moisture content, can be represented by a quadratic or exponential function. At low levels of moisture content, gas pressure has the most pronounced effect on permeability of coal samples, followed by moisture content and effective stress. Conversely, at high levels of moisture content, the most influential factor is moisture content, followed by gas pressure and effective stress. Finally, a model of permeability has been developed that takes into account the collective impacts of gas pressure, moisture content, and effective stress. The research outcomes can establish a basis for optimizing gas recovery from coal seams.

Model Test on the Behaviors of Deep Excavation with Lateral Confined Water

To investigate the excavation characteristics and mechanisms of a deep foundation under lateral confined water pressure, a model test was conducted with real-time monitoring of the stress and deformation of the foundation strut system. The results indicate that in stages 1 and 3 (the process of raising the lateral confined water level, O and F), the rise in lateral confined water levels caused the diaphragm wall to shift inward. However, the reduction in earth pressure due to the inward shift of the diaphragm wall exceeded the increase in water pressure from the raised confined water level, resulting in an overall decrease in lateral pressure on the diaphragm wall. During stage 2 (the excavation and supporting process, K1–Z4), as excavation and strut installation progressed, the lateral pressure on the diaphragm wall decreased, while both bending moment and horizontal displacement increased, with the most pronounced changes occurring when excavation reached the depth of the lateral confined aquifer. Upon reaching the soil layers within the depth of the lateral confined aquifer, the axial force of struts increased significantly, with the second level of strut experiencing the greatest axial force. In deep foundation design, it is essential to account for the maximum bending moment and horizontal displacement of the diaphragm wall within the depth range of the lateral confined aquifer, as well as the maximum vertical displacement in the range of 0.50%D–0.83%D outside the pit. Due to the rapid transmission of lateral confined water pressure changes in fine sand, and the delayed transmission in clay due to their low permeability, the diaphragm wall response is most pronounced within the depth range of the lateral confined aquifer.

Optical properties of unoxidized and oxidized titanium nitride thin films

This study reports a pulsed laser deposition-assisted synthesis of highly metallic titanium nitride (TiN) and a series of semiconducting titanium oxynitride (TiNxOy) compounds in thin film form with tunable plasmonic properties by carefully altering the nitrogen (N)-oxygen (O) ratio. The N/O ratio was controlled from 0.3 (highest oxygen doping of TiN) to ~ 1.0 (no oxygen doping of TiN) by growing the TiN films under nitrogen pressures of 50, 35, and 10 mTorr and high vacuum conditions of 2 × 10−6 Torr with no external gas introduced. The presence of nitrogen in the deposition chamber during the film growth affects the gas phase oxidation of TiN to TiNxOy by increasing the mean free path-dependent N and O inter-collisions per second by two to three orders of magnitudes. The evidence of increased oxidation of TiN to TiNxOy with an increase in nitrogen deposition pressure was obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. While the TiN samples deposited in high vacuum conditions had the highest reflectance, TiNxOy thin films were also found to possess high reflectance at low frequency with a well-defined edge around 20,000 cm−1. Furthermore, the vacuum-deposited TiN samples showed a large negative dielectric constant of -330 and the largest frequency of zero-crossing at 25,000 cm−1; the TiNxOy samples deposited in the presence of nitrogen ambient also showed promising plasmonic applications at the near-mid infrared range. A comparison of the dielectric constant and loss function data of this research with the literature values for noble metals seems to indicate that TiN and TiNxOy have the potential to replace gold and silver in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.

High variability in the reproducibility of key hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt.

Increased blood pressure upon standing is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. We investigated the reproducibility of changes in aortic blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance during three passive head-up tilts (HUT) in 223 participants without cardiovascular medications (mean age 46 years, BMI 28 kg/m2, 54% male). Median time gap between the first and the second HUT was 9 weeks and the second and the third HUT 4 weeks. We utilized whole-body impedance cardiography and radial artery tonometry as methods. The participants were divided into quartiles of the changes in each hemodynamic variable during the first HUT, and the reproducibility of these changes was tested during successive HUTs. During the first HUT, significant differences were present in all between-quartile comparisons (n=6) of all variables. The differences persisted as follows: reduction of stroke volume in six out of six (6/6) between-quartile comparisons (p<0.001), decrease in cardiac output (p<0.001) and increase in heart rate in 5/6 comparisons (p<0.001), change in systemic vascular resistance in 3/6 comparisons (p<0.001), change in aortic systolic blood pressure in 1/6 comparisons (p=0.043), and change in aortic diastolic blood pressure in none (p=0.266). To conclude, the reproducibility of upright posture-induced changes is high for stroke volume, cardiac output, and heart rate, moderate for systemic vascular resistance, and modest for aortic blood pressure. While an increase in blood pressure during upright posture may be a cardiovascular risk factor, this effect may be attributed to other underlying hemodynamic variables that exhibit more reproducible posture-related changes.

Changes in pressure distribution of the solar surface after a single trimming event are associated with external hoof measurements in the equine fore foot.

Trimming is critical for a functioning equine hoof. Pressure distribution provides information on loading; however, information on the effects of trimming on pressure distribution is lacking. To describe the pressure changes of equine fore feet following trimming. Cross-sectional cohort study. Fifty sound horses were recruited. Eighteen external hoof measures of the dorsal, lateral, medial and solar aspects were obtained before and after trimming from 94 fore feet. Horses were walked over a pressure mat before and after trimming and pressure maps of the solar surface created. Percentage change in hoof measures were assessed. Factors associated with an increase in pressure in the frog region after trimming were entered into a forward likelihood ratio logistic regression model. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and area under the curve receiver operator characteristics (AUROC) were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at a cut-off value of p = 0.5. Trimming resulted in a significant increase in pressure, topographically mapped to the frog region, in 12/94 (13% 95% CI 6; 20) feet. Percentage difference in bearing border length (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.51; 0.86), heel buttress to centre of pressure distance (OR 1.30 95% CI 1.10; 1.53), heel angle (lateral side) (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.04; 1.19) and heel length (medial side) (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.85; 0.99) were retained in the final model associated with increased pressure in the frog region following trimming. AUROC was excellent (0.94 95% CI 0.88; 0.99) with fair sensitivity (58% [95% CI 50; 66]) and excellent specificity (98% [95% CI 78; 118]). Subjective lameness exam; horse velocity unmeasured. Measuring pressure changes over the solar surface of the equine fore foot after trimming identified that an increased pressure in the frog region was linked to specific changes in hoof shape.

Construction of molecular structure model of bituminous coal and study on adsorption characteristics of C2H4 and C2H2

The abandoned coal in goaf will adsorb the gases ethylene (C2H4) and acetylene (C2H2) produced by coal oxidation, which makes the concentration data of the indicator gas inaccurate. Therefore, the adsorption law of coal and C2H4 and C2H2 gas is explored. The macromolecular structure model of coal was established and optimized by simulation, and the gas adsorption process was simulated by means of grand canonical Monte Carlo method. The adsorption quantities and adsorption sites of single component and binary component gases C2H4 and C2H2 in coal under different temperatures and pressures were analyzed. The results show that the molecular formula of S7 and W12 coal samples is C136H92O30N2S and C129H87O28N2S, respectively. When C2H4 and C2H2 are adsorbed at the same temperature, the adsorption pressure is positively correlated with the adsorption capacity, and the adsorption capacity increases rapidly with the increase of pressure, and then tends to be flat. With the same pressure, the adsorption capacity of C2H4 and C2H2 is unfavorable with the increase of temperature. The adsorption sites of C2H2 are more than those of C2H4. When C2H4 and C2H2 gas are used as indicator gases alone, they will be adsorbed by the left coal in the goaf, which makes the on-site monitoring gas concentration data inaccurate, resulting in the delay of the early warning time to a certain extent.

Association between equivalized annual household income and regular medical visits for hypertensive patients since the COVID-19 outbreak.

Previous studies have shown an increase in blood pressure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic even among patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. This study aims to evaluate the association between equivalized annual household income and refraining from regular medical visits for hypertensive patients since the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), including 2832 hypertensive patients aged 20-79 years from the 2020 survey and at least one survey between 2021 and 2023. They were categorized into lower-income (<median of ¥3,182,000) and higher-income (≥median) groups. Refraining from regular medical visits was defined as not attending scheduled medical visits for hypertension in the past two months. Poisson regression or generalized linear mixed models were used, inverse probability weighted for Internet survey selection. After weighting, the mean age was 64.8 ± 10.3 years and 63.7% were men. In 2020, the proportion of hypertensive patients refraining from regular medical visits after weighting was 19.6% in the lower-income group and 8.8% in the higher-income group, with an adjusted proportion ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.86 (1.13-3.06) for the lower-income group compared with the higher-income group. After 2020, the proportion of those refraining from regular medical visits declined in all income groups, and the income-related differences disappeared. During the social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, hypertensive patients with lower equivalized annual household incomes were more likely to refrain from regular medical visits. Strategies to reduce income-related inequities in medical care utilization may be necessary for future public health crises. A nationwide Internet survey in Japan revealed hypertensive patients with lower equivalized annual household incomes were significantly more likely to refrain from regular medical visits in 2020, during the social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing income-related inequities in medical care utilization is crucial for future public health crises.

COMBINED USE OF TRANSSCLERAL DIODE LASER CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION AND INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF INJECTION IN THE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA

Purpose – is to assess the effectiveness of combined intravitreal anti-VEGF injection with transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDLC) in the treatment of refractory neovascular glaucoma. Materials and methods The study included 20 patients (20 eye) diagnosed with refractory neovascular glaucoma in one eye. Among them, 14 (70%) developed the condition due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 6 (30%) due to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. All patients were divided into two groups. In the first group (I), TDLC was performed (10 patients, 10 eye), whereas in the second group (II), an intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab was administered 14 days prior to the procedure as part of a combined therapy (10 patients, 10 eye). Results In the I group, despite improvements in indicators, hyphema was detected in the anterior chamber of 8 out of 10 patients (80%), while two had hemophthalm (20%). In II group, stable improvements in all indicators were observed after 21 days; however, in the I group, one patient required a repeat procedure due to an increase in intraocular pressure to 32 mm Hg. Conclusion The preoperative use of anti-VEGF agents, including Bevacizumab, before TDLC is a rationally justified method and is recommended in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. Key words: refractory neovascular glaucoma, anti-VEGF injection, transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation

Photoplethysmography in assessment of skin microcirculation in pregnant women with gestational arterial hypertension

Introduction. One of the urgent problems of modern obstetrics is gestational arterial hypertension (GAH), which entails a whole range of complications for both mother and fetus. In this regard, it is necessary to search for economically accessible, informative and safe methods for early diagnosis of uteroplacental blood flow disorders in pregnant women.The aim of the study was to investigate the features of peripheral and uteroplacental blood flow in pregnant women with GAH, to assess the state of the vascular wall of pregnant women using photoplethysmography and to determine its association with uteroplacental blood flow disorders. Materials and methods. A total of 78 patients with 22 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, divided into two groups, were clinically examined: the first group (n=42) were pregnant women with GAH, the second group the control group (n=36) consisted of patients with physiological course of gestation. The study included assessment of the objective clinical status of the pregnant woman, recording and contour analysis of photoplethysmograms, ultrasound examination of the uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow, and statistical processing of the results.Results. When comparing the anthropometric characteristics of the studied groups, an increase in BMI was found in the group of pregnant women with GAG (p&lt;0.05). Contour analysis of photoplethysmography (PPG) data showed an increase in the augmentation index in pregnant women with GAG by 73.47 % (p=0.054), an increase in central arterial pressure by 3.6 % (p&lt;0.05). Changes in peripheral hemodynamics in pregnant women with hypertensive disorder were associated with impaired fetoplacental blood flow (rxy = 0.52-0.86, p &lt; 0.05), which was accompanied by lower fetal biometry parameters (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion. Hemodynamic disturbances in the mother-placenta-fetus system correlate with changes in the parameters of peripheral circulation, which allows us to consider the additional use of the photoplethysmography method as promising in terms of early diagnostics and prevention of perinatal complications in mother and fetus.