Increase In Production Rate Research Articles

Predicting gas flow rate in fractured shale reservoirs using discrete fracture model and GA-BP neural network method

In the process of shale gas exploitation, the hydraulic fracturing technology is generally used to generate the stimulate reservoir volume (SRV). The network connectivity between natural fractures (NFs) and hydraulic fractures (HFs) significantly affects gas production rate in the hydraulic fracturing stage. To study the influence of natural fracture characteristics on gas flow behavior, a discrete fracture model considering matrix and fracture behaviors is developed. It is found that the increase of natural fracture permeability and distribution density leads to the increase of gas production rate, whereas large orientation angle may cause its decrease. To determine the nonlinear relationship between the natural fracture parameters and gas production rate, the method of back propagation (BP) neural network with genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to make intelligent prediction for the shale gas production. The gas flow rate values for different natural fracture parameters (e.g., permeability, density, orientation) were calculated by discrete fracture model, and used as input data for training and prediction in the GA-BP neural network. Results demonstrate the applicability of forecasting model, which is suitable for shale gas prediction during the operation of horizontal wells if more data profiles could be collected.

Size design strategy for scaling up alkaline water electrolysis stack integrated with renewable energy source: A multiphysics modeling approach

Large-capacity hydrogen production systems are crucial for promoting green hydrogen development. However, the scaling-up of electrolysis stacks through larger electrode areas or additional electrodes may increase the bubble coverage effect and shunt current effect, leading to efficiency degradation. Therefore, a quantitative model that considers interrelated factors is needed to optimize the size design during the scaling-up process. This paper presents a stack-level multiphysics model that describes the electrochemical and two-phase flow processes within the stack. The model is validated experimentally, with a relative error of the current–voltage (IV) curve within 4%. Based on the model, the energy efficiency-reaction current density (ER) curves of different stacks are analyzed and used to provide performance optimization strategies for stacks coupled with renewable energy sources (RES). The findings demonstrate that in on-grid mode, the small cell design leads to a hydrogen production rate increase of over 6%, driving a trend towards miniaturization of cell areas. In addition, during off-grid operation, the hydrogen production variations among different designs can exceed 4% due to performance differences under heavy and light loads. Therefore, optimizing electrolyzer performance requires considering power source fluctuations and conducting specialized computational optimizations based on specific scenarios. In summary, this paper proposes optimization strategies of size design for scaling up electrolysis stacks to improve stack performance, with the goal of driving the advancement of green hydrogen.

Continuous Volumetric 3D Printing: Xolography in Flow.

Additive manufacturing techniques continue to improve in resolution, geometrical freedom, and production rates, expanding their application range in research and industry. Most established techniques, however, are based on layer-by-layer polymerization processes, leading to an inherent trade-off between resolution and printing speed. Volumetric 3D printing enables the polymerization of freely defined volumes allowing the fabrication of complex geometries at drastically increased production rates and high resolutions, marking the next chapter in light-based additive manufacturing. This work advances the volumetric 3D printing technique xolography to a continuous process. Dual-color photopolymerization is performed in a continuously flowing resin, inside a tailored flow cell. Supported by simulations, the flow profile in the printing area is flattened, and resin velocities at the flow cell walls are increased to minimize unwanted polymerization via laser sheet-induced curing. Various objects are printed continuously and true to shape with smooth surfaces. Parallel object printing paves the way for up-scaling the continuous production, currently reaching production rates up to 1.75mm3 s-1 for the presented flow cell. Xolography in flow provides a new opportunity for scaling up volumetric 3D printing with the potential to resolve the trade-off between high production rates and high resolution in light-based additive manufacturing.

The effect of methyl jasmonate on growth, stevioside and rebaudioside A production in Stevia rebaudiana shoot culture using mist bioreactor

Steviol glycosides (SG) from Stevia rebaudiana have been used as natural sweeteners to substitute sucrose. SG production naturally needs large biomass. Therefore, it requires large area of cultivation. In vitro cultivation can be used as an alternative to propagate Stevia, as well as for increasing the production of SG. In this experiment, we conducted Stevia propagation in bioreactor and induced SG production through methyl jasmonate (MeJa) elicitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MeJA on plant growth and SG contents in Stevia shoot cultivated using mist bioreactor. Elicitation was carried out by MeJa spraying for 30 min every 6 h. In treatment A, we used 10 μM MeJa for 72 h and 100 μM MeJa for 24 h for treatment B. The results showed that treatment A gave higher increase in shoot growth (485%), biomass production (547%), and relative growth rate (0.13) compared to treatment B. There was no significant difference in stevioside content among treatments (A and B) and controls, meanwhile treatment B produced rebaudioside A (0.0113 mg/g) higher than treatment A (0.0062 mg/g). We concluded that treatment A was better in inducing growth and treatment B could be used to increase rebaudioside A.

A novel electrolytic gas lift reactor for efficient microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from carbon dioxide

The low current density impedes the practical application of microbial electrosynthesis for CO2 fixation. Engineering the reactor design is an effective way to increase the current density, especially for H2-mediated microbial electrosynthesis reactors. The electrolytic bubble column microbial electrosynthesis reactor has shown great potential for scaling up, but the mixing and gas mass transfer still need to be enhanced to further increase the current density. Here, we introduced an inner draft tube to the bubble column to tackle the problem. The addition of draft tube resulted in a 76.6% increase in the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) of H2, a 40% increase in the maximum current density (337 A/m2) and a 72% increase in average acetate production rate (3.1 g/L/d). The computational fluid dynamics simulations showed that the addition of draft tube enhanced mixing efficiency by enabling a more ordered cyclic flow pattern and a more uniform gas/liquid distribution. These results indicate that the electro-bubble column reactor with draft tube holds great potential for industrial implementation.

Delaying Water Breakthrough Using Horizontal Wells in Khurmala Oilfield

Water coning presents a serious problem in many oil fields, in terms of reducing oil production rate and increasing production costs. As breakthrough time represents the time until coning occurs, it should be increased by studying the significant affecting parameters and proposing a method to control them. Since horizontal wells are known to have higher potentials than vertical wells, they are used worldwide to delay water coning among other purposes. In this study, four designed horizontal wells are proposed to replace a drilled vertical well in Khurmala oilfield in northern Iraq, and the effect of each on water breakthrough time is studied with four different production rates and six different permeability ratios. PERFORM software is used to model the wells, and calculate the expected breakthrough time for each well. It was found that the 1000-ft horizontal well, and longer wells, will delay water breakthrough time, in all cases. Also, higher permeability ratios increase the breakthrough time for longer wells, by up to 15.69 folds, except with the optimum production rate, and increasing production rate results in decreasing breakthrough time (tBT) in all cases, where doubling the production rate may decrease tBT by more than 73.5%. It is essential to determine the minimum horizontal well length required to delay water breakthrough time, compared to the vertical well, by considering both production rate and permeability ratio. The breakthrough time ratio, depending on the proposed to optimum production rate ratio, can be calculated using the developed correlation with an average error of 1.73%.

Layer by layer application of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose coatings delays ripening of mango fruit by suppressing cell wall polysaccharides disassembly

Mango is a climacteric fruit that ripens quickly after harvest due to its climacteric nature. Edible coatings have been reported to delay the ripening of various harvested fruit. The efficacy of the applied edible coatings could be improved by using in combination as a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. So, the influence of LBL application of chitosan (CH) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was studied on mangoes during postharvest storage at 15 °C for 20 days. Mangoes were coated with monolayers of CH (1 % w/v) and CMC (1 % w/v) as well as LBL application of CH and CMC and were compared with control. The treatment of mangoes with CH and CMC-based LBL treatment resulted in lower decay percentage and weight loss along with higher total chlorophyll pigments and suppressed total carotenoid accumulation. The LBL application of CH and CMC showed lower activity of chlorophyll degrading such as chlorophyllase (CPS), pheophytinase (Phe), Mg-dechalatase (MGD) and chlorophyll degrading peroxidase (Chl-POD) enzymes as well as reduced changes in b*, a* and L* along with a suppressed increase in ethylene (EP) and CO2 production (CPR) rates having higher antioxidant such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity. In addition, mangoes coated with LBL treatment of CH and CMC exhibited lower water-soluble pectin (WSP) and higher protopectin (PP) having higher concentrations of chelate soluble (CSP) and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SCP). Similarly, LBL-coated mangoes showed significantly higher hemicellulose (HCLS) and cellulose (CLS) contents in contrast with control. It was observed that mangoes coated with CH and CMC-based LBL coating exhibited higher flesh firmness and showed suppressed cellulase (CS), pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG) and β-galactosidase (β-Gal) enzymes activity. The concentrations of total soluble solids and ripening index were markedly lower and titratable acidity was higher in the LBL-based coating treatment in comparison with control. In conclusion, LBL treatment based on CH and CMC coatings could be used for the delay of ripening and softening of harvested mangoes.

Electricity-driven microbial protein production: Effect of current density on biomass growth and nitrogen assimilation

Conventional agro-systems are characterised by low nitrogen conversion efficiencies, primarily due to excessive loads and limited plant nitrogen assimilation into grains by plants. Therefore, it is crucial to explore technologies that can achieve higher nitrogen assimilation efficiencies in food production. This study shows the development of a sustainable bioelectrochemical platform for ammonium recovery and upgrading into bacterial protein-rich biomass. Electrochemically-assisted batch fermenters were operated in galvanostatic mode to examine the impact of current density (0.0 – 1.0 mA·cm−2) on bacterial growth. The results revealed a linear increase in volumetric biomass productivity rate with the increment in current density. At the high current densities tested (1.0 mA·cm−2), the more elevated growth and ammonium removal rates were achieved (473 ± 164 mgTSS·L−1·d−1 and 93 ± 39 mgN·L−1·d−1, respectively). Adjusting the current density allowed for the production of biomass with high hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen yields, indicating the influence of H2 availability on these values (up to 2.6 gTSS·gH2−1 and 6.9 gTSS·gN−1, respectively). This study confirms the potential of the electro-microbial platform in recovering and transforming nutrients, particularly nitrogen, into microbial biomass that can be utilised as edible protein or organic fertiliser. The findings highlight the viability of this approach for achieving efficient nitrogen assimilation and biomass production, offering promising prospects for addressing nitrogen utilisation challenges in conventional agro-systems.

Low-Pt supported on phosphorus-doped porous C3N4 as a photoanode for enhanced photo(electro)catalytic activity in hydrogen production

C3N4 shows great potential for photo (electro)catalytic hydrogen production from water splitting. Elemental doping can modulate the band structure of C3N4, thereby broadening the responsive wavelength range, and facilitating charges' separation on C3N4. In this work, phosphorus was doped into C3N4 (PCN) using diammonium hydrogen phosphate as a precursor. Platinum nanoparticles were further photodeposited onto the surface of PCN. With these modifications, the photocatalytic activity in hydrogen production on C3N4 was increased from none to 5.9 μmol/h/gcat after phosphorus doping, and then to 312.5 μmol/h/gcat after Pt loading. Furthermore, C3N4 was grown on carbon cloth, its photoelectrocatalytic activity in hydrogen production was increased from 23.98 to 356.73 mmol/h/m2 after doping with P, and further increased to 400.39 mmol/h/m2 after loading with Pt. The increase in hydrogen production rate could be attributed to the fact that doping with P elements increased the specific surface area of C3N4, exposing more active sites in C3N4. And the loading of Pt nanoparticles accelerated charges’ transfer and separation, thus promoting the catalytic activity. The present study shows that the modification of C3N4 by doping with non-metals and loading metals plays an important role in improving the photo (electro)catalytic performance of C3N4.

PREDICTIVE MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF CUTTING PARAMETERS IN HIGH SPEED HARDENED TURNING OF AISI D2 STEEL USING RSM, ANN AND DESIRABILITY FUNCTION

High speed machining (HSM) is an attractive process for numerous applications due to its potential to increase production rates, reduce lead times, lower costs, and enhance part quality. In this study, high-speed turning operations on AISI D2 steel using a coated carbide cutting tool under dry conditions were conducted. The cutting parameters examined in this investigation were Vc, [Formula: see text], and ap, while the outputs measured were surface roughness (Ra), cutting temperature ([Formula: see text]), and flank wear (VB). To obtain reliable and accurate results, a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array for the 27 experimental runs was employed as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA), response surface methodology (RSM), and artificial neural network (ANN) to develop a constitutive relationship between prediction responses and the cutting parameters. The ANOVA results showed that Vc had a significant effect on [Formula: see text] (36.81%) and VB (27.58%), while [Formula: see text] had a considerable influence on Ra (24.21%). Additionally, nonlinear prediction models were created for each measured output and their accuracy was evaluated using three statistical indices: coefficient of determination ([Formula: see text]2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Finally, multi-objective optimization was successfully carried out using the desirability function (DF) approach to propose an optimal set of cutting parameters that simultaneously minimized Ra, [Formula: see text], and VB. The optimized cutting parameters were Vc = 477.28 m/min, [Formula: see text] = 0.08 rev/min, and ap = 0.8 mm, resulting in Ra = 1.23 [Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text]C, and VB = 0.049 mm.

CFD simulation and optimization of an industrial cement gas–solid air classifier

An air classifier is one of the main and effective devices in cement industry. In this study, a three-dimensional, steady and two-phase (solid-gas) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to optimize the performance of this device in the Kerman Momtazan cement plant, Iran. After the validation of CFD results, the air flow field and air path lines between fixed blades were checked carefully and the non-uniformity in velocity distribution and the formation of vortex flows between the blades close to particle inlets were observed. The study tried to improve the device efficiency by changing the method of entering particles into the device, resulting in a reduction in air classifier electrical energy consumption (from 41 to 35 (kW h)/t) and an increase in production rate (from 203 to 214 t/h). Additionally, the study investigated the effects of other modifiable operating conditions like rotary cage rotation speed, pressure difference, and inlet air temperature on the particle size distribution and classifier efficiency. The results showed that increasing the cage rotation speed decreased the product rate and the product particles mean diameter while increasing pressure difference or increasing temperature increased the product rate and the product particles mean diameter. It was concluded that these modifiable operating conditions can significantly affect the performance of the air classifier in the cement industry.

CdS/MoS2 nanoparticles anchored on oxygen-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunctions for efficient H2 evolution

Hydrogen evolution by photocatalysis is an ideal method to relieve the energy crisis. In this work, an all-solid-state Z-scheme photocatalytic system is developed via a simple hydrothermal strategy to anchor CdS–MoS2 hybrid nanoparticles onto oxygen-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets (OCN). The presence of MoS2 nanosheets serves as both an intermediary for electron transfer to enhance charge separation and enhance the durability of the CdS. Compared to the unmodified CdS, the H2 generation efficiency of the CdS–MoS2/OCN Z-scheme heterojunctions is significantly enhanced. Additionally, the optimized photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable 20.7-fold increase in H2 production rate compared to the pristine CdS. Based on the systematical characterization, the enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance arises from the enhanced light absorption, the enlarged specific surface areas, as well as the improved charge separation. The systematic characterizations provided evidence for the demonstration of the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism. This work presents a novel perspective on the design of photocatalytic systems with an all-solid-state Z-scheme configuration.

Improving productivity in a coffee production company through Six Sigma

This article showcases the application of the Six Sigma methodology, supported by other tools of Industrial Engineering, within a sector of the secondary industry, for the transformation process of various products in a coffee company. The goal was to determine the root cause of low productivity within this coffee-producing organization. Additionally, a plan of strategies and implementation of engineering techniques was designed to facilitate and improve the established processes, but above all, to increase productivity rates and the results achieved in this company over nearly four generations dedicated to coffee cultivation and processing.

Probing the role of H-ZSM-5 zeolite in the hydrogen evolution performance of graphitic carbon nitride

Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) hold great promise as a photocatalyst for generating hydrogen energy via water splitting, owing to its remarkable ability to respond to visible light and its strong reduction capacity. However, the photocatalytic water splitting for H2 evolution performance of pure CN was impeded by its low surface area, inadequate hydrophilicity, and unsatisfactory photoelectric conversion efficiency. Here we tackled these challenges by synthesizing a series of CN/H-ZSM-5 composites with varying amount of H-ZSM-5 zeolite using a straightforward thermal copolymerization method. The contact angle and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements confirmed that the incorporated hydrophilic and porous H-ZSM-5 zeolite contribute to increased surface area and improved hydrophilicity of the CN/H-ZSM-5 composites. Meanwhile the resulting CN/H-ZSM-5 composites exhibited significant separation and migration enhancement of photoexcited charge carriers. Consequently, the optimized CN/H-ZSM-5 composite, containing 50 mg of H-ZSM-5 zeolite, demonstrated 13 times increase in photocatalytic H2 production rate than that of pure CN. This work not only provided a competitively universal approach on the design of high-efficiency CN based photocatalyst, but also clarified the role of H-ZSM-5 zeolite in the H2 evolution enhancement.

Stacked ZnS multilayers of ZnS(en)0.5 hybrids with enhancing photocatalytic performance for H2 production

Zinc sulfide hybrids with different stacked ZnS multilayers were prepared using a chemical precipitation method in a solvent mixture of Ethylenediamine:Water:Butanol via two routes - nitrate and acetate salt precursors. The impact of butanol solvent contents (30 and 60 vol%) on the formation of orthorhombic-ZnS(en)0.5 hybrid with different stacking of ZnS layers was comprehensively analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the influence of the mixture solvent on particle size and morphology of the resulting ZnS(en)0.5 hybrid micro flakes or nanosheets. The photocatalytic response was evaluated through hydrogen production reactions using low photocatalyst load under UV light irradiation, conducted over four reaction cycles. A significant increase in hydrogen production rate (4.6 and 4.0 times more active) was achieved for the exfoliated ultrathin nanosheet ZnS(en)0.5 hybrid prepared with lower butanol contents from the nitrate and acetate route, respectively. This enhancement was attributed to the reduced size of the nanosheets of stacked ZnS multilayers, which resulted from the incorporation of 30 vol% of butanol during the synthesis. Overall, the findings indicate that the Ethylenediamine:Butanol solvent system plays a crucial role in tuning the degree of ZnS stacking layers, the particle size, and morphology of ZnS(en)0.5 hybrids, leading to improved photocatalytic performance in hydrogen production reactions.

Energy and exergo-economic analysis of a parallel feed multi-effect system integrated with humidification–dehumidification system for brine recovery

Desalination technologies reject large amounts of brine with significant value back to sea. The concept of hybridization of different desalination technologies has proven that it can be effective in terms of reducing rejected brine and increasing the freshwater production rate as well as reducing the freshwater cost. In this work, brine recovery to improve water production through a simple modified configuration of integrating a multi-effect desalination (MED) system with humidification–dehumidification system (HDH). The rejected brine of the MED system is used as the feed for the HDH system without the need for preheating the rejected brine since it leaves the MED at a suitable temperature for HDH application. The study focuses on investigating the effect of different operating conditions on the increase in system freshwater production rate and recovery ratio as well as the exergetic efficiency. Parameters investigated include steam temperature, feed salinity, number of brine streams, cooling water flow rate, and ambient temperature. An exergo-economic analysis has also been conducted using the cost flow method to evaluate the freshwater production cost for the modified system. Results indicate that the integration of HDH can increase the water production rate by a maximum of 7.82% and produce fresh water at 2.08 $/m3 compared to 2.094 $/m3 when using the standalone system under the same conditions.

Clogging of induced fracture to increase waterflood sweep efficiency

Waterflooding of low-permeable reservoirs with high pressure is often accompanied by formation of induced fracture. The positive side of this process is an injectivity increase and oil production rise. However, when these fractures approach producing wells, an early water breakthrough occurs, and high productivity channels are formed between the injection and producing wells. The technology of fracture clogging, for example, by suspension composition injection into an injection well, allows reducing the length of the fracture. The paper considers the problem of the fracture size reducing process on the waterflood sweep efficiency. The example of a reverse five–point waterflood pattern was investigated. In the basic calculation run, fracture length was constant during all process. The run with transformable fracture length is compared with the basic one. The results of calculations showed that the process of waterflooding after fracture impact could be divided into the following stages. The first one, which follows immediately after the fracture clogging, demonstrates a water cut decrease and an oil production rate increase. The second, in which the oil production declines below the base variant. On the third stage, there is a low, but long-term increase in oil production due to increased waterflood sweep efficiency. The authors established that monitoring of induced fractures length is relevant, since timely fractures clogging allows to increase oil production after the well treatment and to incline the oil recovery coefficient through increasing waterflood sweep efficiency.

Carbon Emissions Effect on Vendor-Managed Inventory System Considering Displaced Re-Start-Up Production Time

Background: The classical mathematical formulation of the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model assumes an infinite planning horizon, and consequently, the solution derived ignored the impact of the first cycle. The classical formulation is associated with another implicit assumption that input parameters remain static indefinitely. Methods: This paper develops two mathematical models for VMI for a joint economic lot-sizing (JELS) policy. Each model considers investment in green production, energy used for keeping items in storage, and carbon emissions from production, storage, and transportation activities under the carbon cap-and-trade policy. The first model underlies the first cycle, while the second underlies subsequent cycles. Results: The re-start-up production time for subsequent cycles commences only at the time required to produce and replenish the first lot, which implies further cost reduction. Mathematical formulations are perceived as important both for academics and practitioners. For example, the base model of the first cycle (subsequent cycles) generates an optimal produced quantity with 18.42% (4.35%) less total system cost when compared with the pest scenario in favor of the existing literature. Moreover, such a percentage of total system cost reduction increases as the production rate increases. Further, the proposed models not only produce better results but also offer the opportunity to adjust the input parameters for subsequent cycles, where each cycle is independent from the previous one. Conclusions: The emissions generated by the system are very much related to the demand rate and the amount of investment in green production. Illustrative examples, special cases, model overview, and managerial insights are given. The discussion related to the contribution of the proposed model, the concluding remarks, and further research are also provided. The proposed model rectifies the base model adopted by the existing literature, which can be further extended to be implemented in several interesting further inquiries related to JELS inventory mathematical modeling.

Static Cold Storage with Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Improves Renal Graft Function in an Ex Vivo Porcine Model of Controlled Donation-after-Cardiac-Death Kidney Transplantation.

The global donor kidney shortage crisis has necessitated the use of suboptimal kidneys from donors-after-cardiac-death (DCD). Using an ex vivo porcine model of DCD kidney transplantation, the present study investigates whether the addition of hydrogen sulfide donor, AP39, to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution improves graft quality. Renal pedicles of male pigs were clamped in situ for 30 min and the ureters and arteries were cannulated to mimic DCD. Next, both donor kidneys were nephrectomized and preserved by static cold storage in UW solution with or without AP39 (200 nM) at 4 °C for 4 h followed by reperfusion with stressed autologous blood for 4 h at 37 °C using ex vivo pulsatile perfusion apparatus. Urine and arterial blood samples were collected hourly during reperfusion. After 4 h of reperfusion, kidneys were collected for histopathological analysis. Compared to the UW-only group, UW+AP39 group showed significantly higher pO2 (p < 0.01) and tissue oxygenation (p < 0.05). Also, there were significant increases in urine production and blood flow rate, and reduced levels of urine protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, plasma Na+ and K+, as well as reduced intrarenal resistance in the UW+AP39 group compared to the UW-only group. Histologically, AP39 preserved renal structure by reducing the apoptosis of renal tubular cells and immune cell infiltration. Our finding could lay the foundation for improved graft preservation and reduce the increasingly poor outcomes associated with DCD kidney transplantation.

A novel foam process with CO2 dissolved surfactant for improved sweep efficiency in EVGSAU field

A successful CO2-foam gas conformance enhancement technology pilot has operated at the East Vacuum Grayburg San Andres Unit (EVGSAU) since Jan 2018 by ConocoPhillips in cooperation with Dow. In early 2020, the scope of the pilot was expanded from one pattern to three patterns. The expansion phase was implemented to evaluate scalability of this technology to patterns with diverse conformance issues and productivity inefficiencies. Severe vertical and areal conformance issues were initially identified in these patterns, resulting in early gas breakthroughs and poor oil sweep efficiencies. Due to economic success of the first phase, the same surfactant with high foaming tendencies, high gas solubility, and low adsorption characteristics was implemented in the new patterns.The first phase of foam implementation on an inverted pattern showed a complete elimination of out-of-zone injection, redistribution of CO2 into previously un-swept flow intervals, and oil production uplift.In contrast to this first pattern, the gas injectivity was reduced by 20–50% after only two foam cycles in the new patterns. Based on injection profile logs (IPL), no out-of-zone injection was identified before the surfactant injection for the two new patterns, which can be the reason for such rapid injectivity responses. Similar to the first pattern, deep conformance corrections were confirmed as gas was redirected from highly connected producers to other producers within the new patterns. A lower surfactant dosage was applied to one of the new patterns to optimize chemical consumption, while sustaining the performance. The surfactant concentration was also reduced in the first pattern to study the effect of a lower dosage on a known performing pattern. During the foam implementation, the gas to water ratio (GWR) at the pattern injectors was increased to maintain the patterns at the baseline total fluid throughput. This adjustment resulted in more than a 50% reduction in water consumption and a 17% improvement in gas utilization. Overall, a sustainable increase in oil production rate (∼35% over the baseline for the last two years) was achieved in the three foam patterns. This robust solution of gas conformance enhancement required ∼2 lbs. of foaming material per barrel of incremental oil produced, which confirms economic success and commercial viability of the foam technology for a full field-scale implementation.The application of this foam technology has potential to extend the life of a mature asset like EVGSAU by arresting the historical decline in the oil production rate. Reduction in energy and water consumption per barrel of oil produced make the CO2-EOR process more sustainable and strengthen its potential in carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) application.