Increase In Net Income Research Articles

Effect of different irrigation methods on productivity of maize in vertisols of Northern Karnataka

Field experiment was conducted to know the response of different surface irrigation methods for maize at Water and Land Management Institute Campus, Dharwad of Northern Karnataka during 2013-14 to 2015-16. The study revealed that, the increase in grain yield was 16.05 and 6.00 per cent in alternate furrow irrigation and in conventional furrow irrigation, respectively over flooding method of irrigation. The saving in irrigation water was to the extent of 32.10 and 10.83 per cent, respectively in alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation over flooding method of irrigation. The water productivity was 20.66,14.34 and 11.96 kg/ha-mm in alternate furrow irrigation, conventional furrow irrigation and flooding method of irrigation, respectively. The increase in water productivity was 72.27 per cent in alternate furrow irrigation over flooding method of irrigation and 19.54 per cent in conventional furrow irrigation as compared with that of surface flooding method. The gross benefit-cost ratios were 2.94, 2.675 and 2.53 in alternate furrow irrigation, conventional furrow irrigation and flooding method of irrigation, respectively. The increase in net income per ha-mm of water used was 87.93 and 24.38 per cent, respectively in alternate furrow irrigation and in conventional furrow irrigation over flooding method of irrigation.

Direct seeding of rice with drum seeder is made easy rice cultivation in Visakhapatnam district of North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh

Paddy is major predominant crop during Kharif in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, cultivated in an area of 1,17,608 ha, out of total cropped area of 1,92,638 ha with productivity of 2664 kg/ha. Farmers grow crop by adopting traditional method of paddy cultivation, use more seed rate, close spacing, late transplanting with over aged seedlings common phenomenon due to erratic rainfall climate change. Scarcity of labour and escalation in labor wages, reduction in labor efficiency are leading to low net returns. In this context DAATT Centre, Visakhapatnam district of ANGRAU, in collaboration with K.V.K., Kondempudi and Department of Agriculture, Visakhapatnam has introduced ‘Drum Seeder technology which is very easy and less labour involved. Drum seeder technology is boon to farmers to save money and time and crop comes to harvest 7-10 days earlier than normal transplanted paddy. DAATT Centre, Visakhapatnam has organized On-Farm Demonstrations (OFDs) in farmer fields in two seasons Kharif,2019 and Rabi,2019-20. Drum seeder technology in paddy recorded 12.49% yield over normal transplanting method of paddy cultivation during Kharif season. The results from the study showed that the farmers realized the 58.19% increase in net income due to increased grain yield by 12.49% with reduction of cost of cultivation by 9.35%, , it could be attributed to reduction in manual labour of 12 man labour and 25 women labour per ha and also increase in yield attributes and yield.

Studies on surface irrigation methods for sunflower in Dharwad district of Northern Karnataka

Field experiment was conducted to study the response of different methods of surface irrigation for sunflower at water and land management institute campus, Dharwad of Northern Karnataka during 2013-14 to 2015-16. The study revealed that, the increase in grain yield was 12.71 and 9.23 per cent in alternate furrow irrigation and in conventional furrow irrigation, respectively over flooding method of irrigation. The saving in irrigation water was to the extent of 29.60 and 12.12 per cent, respectively in alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation over flooding method of irrigation. The water productivity was 41.59, 30.89 and 25.82 kg/ha-cm in alternate furrow irrigation, conventional furrow irrigation and flooding method of irrigation, respectively. The increase in water productivity was 60.61 per cent in alternate furrow irrigation over flooding method of irrigation and 19.56 per cent in conventional furrow irrigation as compared with that of surface flooding method. The gross benefit-cost ratios were 2.33, 2.25 and 2.06 in alternate furrow irrigation, conventional furrow irrigation and flooding method of irrigation, respectively. The increase in net income per ha-cm of water used was 78.35 and 29.23 per cent, respectively in alternate furrow irrigation and in conventional furrow irrigation over flooding method of irrigation.

Wells Fargo: a corporate recovery model to bank on

PurposeThis paper aims to center on the analysis of corporate recovery from internal ethical failure with the examination of Wells Fargo and Company. To move beyond self-inflicted reputational damage and regain sales traction, successful turnaround companies have embarked on a four-step corporate recovery process centered on four key words: Replace, Restructure, Redevelop and Re-brand. Wells Fargo is one recent addition to these recovery stories.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses Wells Fargo and Company as a case model to examine corporate recovery. Wells Fargo is just one example of multinational companies that found themselves victims of internal impropriety, poor leadership supervision and unethical strategic decision-making resulting in significant financial losses, drastic declines in stock price and damaged reputation. Using Wells Fargo as an example from the banking industry, the case study approach is an effective way of assessing the viability of the corporate recovery model in various industries.FindingsThe corporate recovery model has served Wells Fargo well over the past few years as the stock price climbed nearly 60% in 2021. In addition, increasingly less public discussion about the account fraud scandal has allowed the reputation of the bank to recover as well. By the last quarter of 2021, the bank saw a 15% increase in revenue and an 86% increase in net income over the previous year. It appears that CEO Scharf is well on his way to turning around the prospects for Wells Fargo and the recovery model has proven again that there is a way through self-inflicted corporate damage.Originality/valueThe recovery story of Wells Fargo and Company adds to the litany of successful corporate recoveries where companies have achieved unprecedented turnarounds by following the model of replacing the leadership, restructuring the organization, redeveloping the strategy and re-branding the product. Implementing this four-pronged recovery strategy can help a company not only survive their specific scandal but also move away from reputational harm and get back on a growth trajectory.

COVID-19 and bank performance in dual-banking countries: an empirical analysis

We explore how banks’ income and stock prices respond to the COVID-19 policy measures in countries with the dual-banking system, and whether Islamic banks over- or underperform compared to conventional banks. Applying two-way fixed-effect regressions, we document that the changes in Islamic banks’ finance income as well as net income decline as much during the COVID-19 pandemic as the changes in interest and net income of conventional banks. Event-study tests show that the stock prices of Islamic banks respond as negatively as the ones of conventional banks to workplace closures. We do, however, document that the two types of banks respond differently to income support schemes. The change in Islamic banks’ finance income and net income increase significantly more compared to that of their conventional peers when governments install income support initiatives. Also, Islamic banks’ stock prices respond more positively to the income support programs than the ones of conventional banks. Because we control for investment banking activities and services to large clients, our findings on the stronger response of Islamic banks to income support programs seem to result from Islamic banks’ focus on private customers who are supported during the pandemic. Overall, we conclude that the Shariah compliance does not limit the adverse impact of the COVID-19 crisis on Islamic banking, but that Islamic banks’ performance responds more positively to income support initiatives than the one of conventional banks.

Empowering women farmers through collective action: a case study of Khanizpur Hamlet, Odisha

Vulnerable landless women farmers face the dual challenge of small farm size and illegality of land tenancy. These smallholders face a lack of bargaining power in input and output markets and economic non-viability of technology adoption. We piloted a collective action model of organizing agriculture production work called “Small Farmers Large Field” with 35 landless tenant women farmers in Khanizpur village, Odisha. Within an embedded mixed method design, the study included the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. In this QUAL + quan design, the qualitative dataset assumes the primary role. The results indicate that the per acre net income that represented a loss of INR 2,831 in the previous wet season changed to a positive profit of INR 15,065. Much of the increase in net income was due to the 60% increase in yield. Several factors including the use of good-quality seeds and adoption of improved practices contributed to such yield improvement. Apart from the monetary benefits, the collective action among farmers resulted in many non-monetary benefits such as improved knowledge on technology and production practices, stronger social network and civic engagement, and efficient use of water. In addition, farmers had a significant amount of time saving in different field operations.

Toward integration of sea cucumber and cockles with culture of shrimps in earthen ponds in Kenya

AbstractThis study presents the first trial application of an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system in pond culture in Kenya using a combination of locally available species. Sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, and cockles, Anadara antiquata were obtained from the wild for culture trials with Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus in an IMTA for comparison with monoculture of shrimps in intertidal earthen ponds. The monoculture treatment (T1) ponds were stocked with P. indicus juveniles at a stocking density of (5 ind/m2; 12.9 g/m2) while the IMTA treatment (T2) combination had H. scabra, P. Indicus, and A. antiquata stocked at (1.2 ind/m2; 105.78 g/m2, 5 ind/m2; 12.9 g/m2 and 3.5 ind/m2; 142.48 g/m2) respectively. During the culture period, the harvest weight gain (mean ± SE) for shrimps in T1 was 13.17 ± 0.75 g while the organisms in T2 combination a weight gain of 13.19 ± 0.57 g for shrimps, 175.03 ± 27.84 g for sea cucumber, and 44 ± 0.97 g for cockles. Economic analysis revealed increase in net income in T2 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.77 higher than T1. The findings of this study provide a basis for integration of H. scabra and A. antiquata into Kenya's coastal mariculture through application of pond IMTA technology.

Farming with Alternative Pollinators benefits pollinators, natural enemies, and yields, and offers transformative change to agriculture

Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford reward-based land sparing for wildflower strips to combat pollinator decline. Two small-grant projects assessed, if an opportunity-cost saving land-sharing approach, Farming with Alternative Pollinators, can provide a method-inherent incentive to motivate farmers to protect pollinators without external rewards. The first large-scale Farming-with-Alternative-Pollinators project used seven main field crops in 233 farmer fields of four agro-ecosystems (adequate rainfall, semi-arid, mountainous and oasis) in Morocco. Here we show results: higher diversity and abundance of wild pollinators and lower pest abundance in enhanced fields than in monocultural control fields; the average net-income increase per surface is 121%. The higher income is a performance-related incentive to enhance habitats. The income increase for farmers is significant and the increase in food production is substantial. Higher productivity per surface can reduce pressure on (semi)-natural landscapes which are increasingly used for agriculture. Land-use change additionally endangers biodiversity and pollinators, whereas this new pollinator-protection approach has potential for transformative change in agriculture.

Penguatan Sektor Mikro terhadap Pembiayaan Al-Qardh Al-Hasan di Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Lombok Timur

Referring to the economy of West Nusa Tenggara Province, East Lombok Regency is an area that is considered very suitable for the development of UMKM. There are several reasons that can be put forward, including the very weak economic condition of the community and the very dense population growth according to the community to find their own business to fulfill their daily needs. With this situation, UMKM based businesses have more potential than industrial-based economic business activities. In addition, the socio-religious factors of the community, the majority of which are Muslim, are 90%, as well as the large number of religious educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools and madrasas that create religious emotional closeness so that they can use Islamic bank products, particularly al-Qardh al-Hasan financing for the development of small and micro businesses. The author can formulate the problem in this study as follows: a) How is the implementation of al-Qardh al-Hasan financing at PT. East Lombok Branch of Bank Syariah Mandiri for UMKM?, b) How is the contribution of al-Qardh al-Hasan financing to the strengthening of Micro Enterprises in East Lombok Regency? This research is a field research, The nature of descriptive research. The implementation of Qardhul Hasan financing at Bank Syariah Mandiri East Lombok Branch is applied in a program called the Umat Partner Program namely: Community Education Program (Economic Empowerment) and Sympathy People (Social Concern), in its development includes productive and consumptive economic activities, social community including education, health. Broadly speaking, this program is divided into economic empowerment activities (manifested in the form of providing Qardhul Hasan loans in the form of business or investment and consumptive capital) and social activities (donations). In the process of implementing this financing, Bank Syariah Mandiri East Lombok Branch provides many conveniences, especially in the process of submitting and paying installments, so that customers feel comfortable with this financing service. And the contribution of Qardhul Hasan funds for micro-businesses customers is an increase in income which is an average of Rp. 400,000, - or about 66%. This increase in income has an effect on the increase in net income (after installments deducted) for customers who previously only earned an average income of Rp. 505,000, - to an average of Rp. 775,000, - per month. With an increase in operating income by 66%, it means that Qardhul Hasan financing has contributed Rp. 235,000, - or 18% for the poor to be above the poverty line.

Improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental cost with long-term nutrient expert management in a summer maize-winter wheat rotation system

Excessive fertilization, poor management, low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and heavy pollution are the current issues that exist in intensively cultivated summer maize-winter wheat rotation system in China. To address these problems, we adopted the Nutrient Expert (NE) decision support system and compared it with the Farmer's Practice (FP). We explored the effects of NE and FP on grain yield, N use efficiency, soil N accumulation, environmental cost, and profitability in the rotation system from 2009 to 2018. The results showed that there was no significant yield difference between the NE (14.4 Mg ha−1) and FP (14.3 Mg ha−1), while reducing N application by 23.1 % in NE. Compared with the FP treatment, the NE increased the apparent recovery efficiency of N (apparent REN), accumulated recovery efficiency of N (accumulated REN), agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) by 25.0 %, 26.8 %, 31.1 % and 32.1 %, respectively, which also indicated a less N loss achieved by NE. The NE resulted in less N accumulation in the soil profile than FP, with reductions of 32.1 % and 44.2 % in the 0−100 cm and 60−100 cm soil layers, respectively. Moreover, calculations of economic benefit that considered the environmental cost showed that NE had an economic advantage (13.8 % of increase in net income; and 27.2 % of decrease in environmental cost) over FP. This study proved that long-term NE management is a sustainable management approach with advantages in maintaining grain yield, improving N use efficiency and profitability, and reducing environmental cost for the summer maize-winter wheat rotation system.

Advantages and economic efficiency of cultivation of pea varieties of morphotype chameleon

Pea morphotype with layered heterophyllia chameleon has a high potential for seed productivity. Developed at Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (FNTs ZBK ) the best varieties-chameleons at the average for 3 years (2017-2019) at yield 0.44 t/ha surpassed standard leafletless varieties by 0.54 t/ha. Moreover, they contained 1.2% more protein in the seeds. Chameleon varieties fully realize their potential with a yield of more than 3.0 t/ha. The data of the state test of the Spartak variety shows that, despite the additional production costs, the profitability of cultivation of this variety and net income increase with an increase in yield, and the cost of seeds decreases.

Economic Effectiveness and Agricultural Indicators of Combinations Grafting-Varieties of Apple Plants

Research was carried out in the north-eastern part of the republic, in the Khuba-Khachmaz zone. Was carried out a comparative analysis of apple varieties on the different grafting and landing schemes. Namely, on the generative rootstock in the gardens, established in the village of Timiryazev of the Khuba region, according to the scheme 5x4m, in the village of Yeni Hayat of the Khusar region on the grafting M9 according to the scheme 4х1,25м and in the village of Dashliyatakh of the Shabran ragion on the grafting MM106 according to the scheme 5x3 m. The agricultural yield was calculated to the formula, proposed by A.S Ovsyannikov by the formula; Уa= Уs х Sa х N : 100; here Уs - Specific productivity, kg / m2 crown projection; Sa - area occupied by crown projection, м2; N – Number of trees per hectare; 100- for transfer of kg, in centners / hectare. To determine the optimum area for plant nutrition were used generally accepted formula: Sop = (D- 0,3) x (D+2)м2 ; D is the diameter of the crown in the period of full fruiting, м; 2- necessary gleam between rows, м; 0,3- the possibility of penetration of branches into the crown of a neighboring tree, м. Economic efficiency was determined by the method proposed by P. V.Dubrava. The results of research is different combinations varieties-grafting. It was determined that all varieties shows high profitability on different grafting. Also, identified a significant impact of the grafting both to the morphometric parameters, to the productivity and economic productivity of varieties. Varieties on the generative rootstock having a relatively large area of crown projection (11.3 m2), respectively, reduce the productivity of the crown to 3.63 kg / m2, against of, having the smaller area of the crown projection (2.43 ... 7.96 m2) and accordingly high productivity (11.70 ... 5.40 kg / m2) on the clonal grafting as M9 and MM106. Relatively less crown volume creates conditions for reducing the area of supply trees, thereby increase the number of trees per unit area and, accordingly, an increase the agrecultural harvest per hectare. This helps to increase the level of net income of varieties on clonal grafting. They have a net income of 3622.97 .... 16335.91 AZN is more than in the varieties of generative rootstock (3029.57 AZN). Accordingly, indicators of agrcultural produoctivity, in varieties on clonal grafting, vastly more (correspondingly 598.92 ... 352.56 center / ha) than in the varieties on the generative rootstock (247.87 center / ha). At the same time, high and high quality productivity of varieties on clonal grafting contributes to the increase in net income and, together with them, the profitability of production. It should be noted that, the profitability of farming in gardens on generative grafting is 100.06%, then this indicator in apple gardens, on clonal grafting is much higher and amounts of 147.54% on MM106 and 381.14% on M9.

EFFECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN JOB CREATION AND CROP PRODUCTION OF FARM FAMILIES IN THE SECOND DISTRICT OF NUEVA ECIJA, PHILIPPINES

In general, the study aimed to determine the effects of infrastructure projects in job creation and crop production of farm families in the second district of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. This study used a descriptive-quantitative correlation design. A total of 3 key informants and 90 farm families head composed of the respondents. A survey questionnaire was prepared as an instrument in gathering the required information. The mean of 51.69 years old signifies that most of the respondents' ages were at the prime working age. A majority (95.70%) of the households were headed by male farmers and have no other source of income other than farming. Concrete roads were constructed as early as 2013 and 2018 in the area of study. Only a few jobs were created that are related to roads constructions The adoption of technology for rice production does not change after the development of infrastructure. The same goes with the adoption of technology for vegetable production which yielded ‘often’ responses in all items in the first and second cropping. After the development of the infrastructure, farm inputs investment decreases in comparison with first and second cropping. A noticeable increase in net income was noticed from first to second cropping. After the development of infrastructure, those who opted to plant Inbred/Hybrid variety decreases. On the other hand, the majority of the respondents opted not to plant vegetables. The development of the infrastructure has no effects on the cropping pattern of the respondents. In terms of the production level, there was an increase in the yield of the respondents before and after the development of the infrastructure.

Effect of Irrigation Levels and Some Soil Applied Herbicides on Weeds, Water Use efficiency and Productivity of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Two field experiments were conducted during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 winter seasons in clay soil at El-Kanater El-Khiria, Horticulture research station to study the effect of two irrigation water regimes i.e. 75 & 100 % of potential evapotranspiration (ETc) under six weed control treatments by Pendimethalin (Stomp extra 45.5% CS at the rate of 1.7 l/fedden), oxyfluorfen (Roal 24% EC at the rate of 750 cm3/fed. and/ or supplemented with additional hand hoeing once and hand hoeing twice addition to unweeded check on weeds , garlic yield and their water relationship i.e. consumptive use (Cu) and water use efficiency (WUE).Experimental design was split plot where the two treatments of water regime were allocated in the main plots and weed control treatments in subplots in four replicates. The main findings show that the experimental field was infested by annual weeds for the unweeded check by 1.35 and 1.47 ton/feddan dry weight of weeds, exhibited yield loss of 16.1 and 15.1% of garlic yield per feddan than hand hoeing twice in both 2016 /2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, respectively.Also all various weed categories as well as various yield components and yield of garlic tended to increase significantly in both seasons with adding irrigation water by 100 % from potential evapotranspition (ETc) treatment, meanwhile, water use efficiency for irrigation treatments tended to increase by 75 % from potential evapotranspition (ETc) 19.9 and 25.2% of ETc in 2016 /2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, respectively, and economically feasible. The reduction in garlic yield under irrigation level by 75 % equal 7&4 % in 1st and 2nd seasons and can consider non mean full difference with saving irrigation water476 &579 cubic meter which equal two irrigation. While, water use efficiency for Stomp at 1.7 L/fed, Stomp + h. hoeing once, Roal at 075 L/fed, Roal+ h. hoeing once and h. hoeing twice tended to increase by 34.0 & 53.8 & 28.8 & 43.4 and 29.7%, respectively more than unweeded check in the first season and by 29.2 & 38.4 & 27.0 & 31.9 and 26.5%, respectively, more than unweeded check which attributed the reduction of weed competition for water consumption. All weed control treatments gave significant effect on controlling weeds and increased growth characteristics and bulb garlic yields. Stomp at 1.7 L/fed h plus hand hoeing once gave the highest increase in net income (LE) by 118.3 and 94.4% respectively, more than unweeded check. Regarding, the interaction between irrigation water levels and weed control treatments, there was a little significant effect with soil moisture 100 % and herbicide residue of Stomp and Roal herbicides which in weed control elements used in garlic bulb less than allowable level.

Changes in Hospital Income, Use, and Quality Associated With Private Equity Acquisition

Rigorous evidence describing the relationship between private equity acquisition and changes in hospital spending and quality is currently lacking. To examine changes in hospital income, use, and quality measures that may be associated with private equity acquisition. This cohort study identified 204 hospitals acquired by private equity firms from 2005 to 2017 and 532 matched hospitals not acquired by private equity. Using a difference-in-differences design, this study evaluated changes in net income, charges, charge to cost ratios, case mix index (a measure of reported illness burden), share of discharges for patients with Medicare or Medicaid coverage, discharges per year, and aggregate hospital quality measures associated with private equity acquisition through 3 years after acquisition, adjusted for case mix, hospital beds, calendar year, and adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing. In subgroup analyses, changes in outcomes for private equity-owned Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) hospitals and non-HCA hospitals relative to matched controls were assessed. Eight hospital income and use measures and 3 aggregate hospital quality measures were examined. Relative to 532 control hospitals, the 204 private equity-acquired hospitals showed a mean increase of $2 302 391 (95% CI, $956 660-$3 648 123; P = .009) in annual net income, an increase of $407 (95% CI, $296-$518; P < .001) in total charge per inpatient day, an increase of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.48-0.73; P < .001) in emergency department charge to cost ratio, an increase of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.26-0.37; P < .001) in total charge to cost ratio, an increase of 0.02 (95% CI, 0.01-0.02; P = .007) in case mix index, and a decrease of 0.96% (95% CI, 0.46%-1.45%; P = .002) in share of Medicare discharges. Medicaid's share of discharges (-0.16%; 95% CI, -0.86% to 0.53%; P > .99) and total hospital discharges (98; 95% CI, -54 to 250; P > .99) did not change differentially in a statistically significant manner. The aggregate quality score for acute myocardial infarction increased by 3.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-5.0%; P = .002), and the aggregate score for pneumonia increased by 2.9% (95% CI, 1.8%-3.9%; P < .001) in private equity-acquired hospitals relative to controls. The aggregate score for heart failure (1.3%; 95% CI, -0.2% to 2.7%; P = .92) did not differentially change in a statistically significant manner. In subgroup analyses, HCA hospitals showed similar findings to the entire sample. Among non-HCA hospitals, the only statistically significant relative changes were the increase in the emergency department charge to cost ratio (0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.48; P = .02) and the decrease in Medicare's share (-1.15%; 95% CI, -1.88% to -0.43%; P = .02). Non-HCA hospitals showed a decrease in the aggregate heart failure score (-3.3%; 95% CI, -5.3% to -1.3%; P = .01) and no statistically significant changes in the aggregate score for acute myocardial infarction (2.4%; 95% CI, -0.7% to 5.4%; P > .99) or pneumonia (0.2%; 95% CI, -1.4% to 1.7%; P > .99). Hospitals acquired by private equity were associated with larger increases in net income, charges, charge to cost ratios, and case mix index as well as with improvement in some quality measures after acquisition relative to nonacquired controls. Heterogeneity in some findings was observed between HCA and non-HCA hospitals.

Determining Irrigation Depths for Soybean Using a Simulation Model of Water Flow and Plant Growth and Weather Forecasts

A new scheme to determine irrigation depths using a two-point of predicted cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval is presented. Rather than maximizing water use efficiency, this scheme aims to maximize net income. The volumetric water price is considered to give farmers an incentive to save irrigation water. A field experiment for soybeans was carried out in the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan in 2019. The total irrigation amount yield and net income by the proposed scheme were compared to those by a tensiometer-operated automated irrigation. The scheme could save irrigation water by 16% with a yield increment of 20%; resulting in a 22% increase in net income compared to the automated irrigation. The model simulated the volumetric water content in the effective root zone of the plant in fair agreement. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme that may replace an automated irrigation system even considering uncertainty in weather forecast to determine irrigation depth and secure investment costs.

Prospects and technology of cultivation of organic vegetable production on open ground in southern Russia conditions

To receive a high-quality competitive and environmentally friendly product, you need a well-thought-out agricultural technology, high level of biosecurity and spatial isolation. To develop an effective technology for growing environmentally friendly new potatoes, in the soil and climatic conditions of the high-altitude zone of Kabardino-Balkaria, scientific work was carried out, taking into account the achievements of modern agriculture. In the conditions of the mountain zone, nature has created a clean phytosanitary zone, in which you can get high-quality, environmentally friendly products without increasing their cost. The production process in this case will exclude the control of diseases and pests that in this zone will not exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness. In potato seed production, the initial stage was the use of improved material for growing a regenerating plant from the meristem, propagated in sterile, laboratory conditions for further cloning. With such seed material that is initially free of pathogens, it is much easier to get organic products. According to various estimates, the cost of producing environmentally friendly products in agriculture is 2.5-3 times higher than the cost of traditional production, and as a result, the cost of products increases. The analysis of economic efficiency showed that the increase in net income depends on the received potato yield and the sale price of new potatoes.

PENGARUH KENAIKAN LABA BERSIH PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP TIMING PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN TAHUNAN PERUSAHAAN (Studi empiris pada perusahaan LQ-45 di Indonesia yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017)

The purpose of this study is to verify the increase in the company's net profit on the timing of submission of the company's financial statements on the Indonesian stock exchange. This study also has another purpose, namely to assess the influence of existing stakeholder theory which assumes that the company has a responsibility to report the condition of the company to the company's stakeholders. Companies that experience an increase in net income should report their financial statements faster than the specified time, 30 April of the previous year, to make it easier for stakeholders to make decisions.The sample of this study is 42 companies that entered the LQ-45 registered in the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period of 2017. While the analytical method used to examine the effect of the effect of the increase in net income on the time of submission of financial statements is linear regression analysis.The results of this study indicate that the increase in net income does have a significant effect on the time of submission of financial statements, but the relationship of influence between the two is negative. It indicates the companies had increased net profit tend to be longer in delivering their financial statements, because in the financial statement reporting process which generates net income is needed general audit process to ensure that the numbers in the financial statements are accurate and accountable.

THE IMPACT OF AGROCHEMICALS AS THE ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCTIVE PEAS IN THE SOUTH OF THE ROSTOV REGION

For the Russian Federation, pea is a traditional cultivated agricultural crop, demanded both in the food industry for its excellent taste and in livestock for a high content of forage units and balanced protein (up to 90% of the protein are of easily soluble albumin and globulins), which contribute to lower costs for animal feeding. The current paper has presented the working results of the laboratory of row crop cultivation technology (FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) for 2015–2016, which studied the impact of growth stimulants (“Etikhol”, “Gumistim”), bioorganic fertilizers “Intermag Profi”, and biological product “Rizotorfin” on the productivity of the middle-ripening pea variety “Aksaysky usaty 7”. The soil of the experimental plot is favorable for peas growing, as the humus content in the arable layer is 3.36%, pH is 7.0, P2 O5 is 24.4; K2 O is 360 mg per one kg of soil. The studied preparations had an impact on the elements of the yield structure and grain productivity. Productivity has significantly improved due to application of most fertilizers. The largest productivity increase on 0.57 t/ha or 26.4% to the control was observed with the use of “Intermag Profi”. This experiment had also better energetic and economic indicators compared to other variants. The increase of net energy income compared to control was 9.48 GJ/ha, the decrease in energy intensity was on 1.14 GJ/t, the increase of energetic efficiency was on 0.59 units. The increase of net income was on 6507 rubles/ha, the cost of production reduced on 1232 rubles/ton and profitability increased on 27%.

Monogerm table beet from the perspective of economic efficiency

Garden beets are one of the most popular vegetable root crops, which are grown everywhere. The existing commodity production in Russia is not able to provide the population’s need for fresh vegetable products. In this regard, attracting the attention of large farms to the culture of garden beets, as one of the economically viable among the group of garden root crops, is an actual task. In connection with the intensification of agricultural production, the cultivation of single-seeded (single fruit) varieties and hybrids suitable for mechanized cultivation is an important direction in the selection of garden beets. The article provides a comparative analysis of economic efficiency in the cultivation of multi-seeded and single-seeded varieties of breeding of the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing (Russia). The calculations were carried out on tariffs and prices relevant in 2017. It is proved that in the production of single-breed varieties, the total amount of production costs decreases by 19.4%, compared with the multi-seeded standard variety. The high marketability of the products obtained in the context of lower production costs determines an increase in net income from sales, as a result, the profitability of production increases, which makes it possible to introduce single-fruited varieties in crop rotation without risking profit.