Increase In Job Opportunities Research Articles

An In-depth Analysis of Economic Trends by Wage

Recently, countries have experienced significant progress in technology resulting in an increase in job opportunities, especially within the computing industry. However, this growth has been overshadowed by inequality between genders with more men occupying positions in the workforce and a preference of working in the urban areas. Extensive studies have highlighted the importance of achieving gender equality. Notably, there is limit research that focused on the post-pandemic economic landscape, particularly concerning the effects of gender and location. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the economic ramifications of COVID-19 on wage structures, considering the variables of year, gender, and working location. Using census data from data.gov, this study reveals a decline in salaries for higher-income individuals in 2022. The study further establishes significant wage differences based on gender and county, proposing potential solutions such as training the recruiting team, promoting gender equality initiatives, and boosting tourism in smaller counties to attract travelers and businesses.

Pembekalan Kompetensi Tambahan Bagi Fresh Graduate Berbasis Sibima Konstruksi

Companies require high-quality strategic decision-making (SDM) to achieve their goals, remain competitive, and experience rapid growth. Securing employment can be a challenging endeavor for recent graduates. An individual possessing exceptional personal traits and a higher level of competence is regarded as more advantageous to the firm. Fulfilling such standards might be challenging for prospective employees, particularly those who lack experience, such as recent graduates. The main issues are twofold: firstly, the difficulty in effectively developing the human resources required for national construction, which involves costly traditional training methods and limited capacity and scope; secondly, the growing number of undergraduate graduates each year, without a corresponding increase in job opportunities. Additionally, the abundance of quality requirements, specific skills, limited employment options, and intense competition place fresh graduates in need of a labor certificate to validate their qualifications. The primary objective is to enhance the students' comprehension of SIBIMA in order to bolster the number of qualified professionals in the workforce. The employed methodologies include: lectures, talks, training, and questioning. The outcome attained is that the partner has acquired knowledge about SIBIMA to enhance the certified workforce.

Preparing Library and Information Science (LIS) Students for Scholarly Communication Librarianship

A growing number of academic librarians have been responsible for scholarly communication (SC) roles and responsibilities, and other related services. Previous studies (Finlay, et al., 2015) show an increase in job opportunities for librarians with SC expertise. Eighty-four percent of the students in the Hollister (2017) study described the SC as either relevant or very relevant to their career goals. However, a recent search (2021) within ALA accredited programs in Library and Information Science (LIS) reveals that only 6 out 48 offer a course in scholarly communication, and no program offered a course on related areas. Given a growing demand for wide range of SC services it is imperative for LIS programs to prepare students for these emerging new roles and responsibilities. To that end, I developed a course on SC and other related concepts based on the North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG) core competencies for SC librarians and the SC common responsibilities identified in previous studies (Hackstadt, 2020). This study will explore the extent to which the course addresses the core competencies for SC roles and responsibilities. The study will employ a self-assessment survey designed to measure the difference in students’ knowledge pre and post course completion regarding the SC core competencies. The NASIG core competencies for SC librarians align with roles and responsibilities of SC librarians as described in previous studies. Therefore, the focus on NASIG core competencies makes the results from this study broadly useful for instructors of SC courses.

Pengaruh Kesempatan Kerja dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kota Jambi

Poverty is a problem faced by all countries in the world, especially developing countries. Poverty is a complex problem that is influenced by various interrelated factors, including per capita income, unemployment, etc. Poverty is a condition which is often associated with needs, difficulties and deficiencies in various life circumstances. There are two kinds of poverty measures, namely absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is the inability of a person to exceed the established poverty line. Relative poverty is related to differences in the level of income of a group compared to other groups. Employment opportunities are also human capital that will increase economic growth. Employment opportunities are defined as the number of people who have occupied jobs. It is hoped that the increase in job opportunities will increase economic growth and ultimately reduce poverty levels.This study uses secondary data obtained from several agencies and services related to the title of this research. This study also uses multiple linear regression analysis tools, classical assumption test, coefficient of determination and f test and t test.The results of this study indicate that: (1) employment opportunities and economic growth have a significant simultaneous effect on the poverty level in Jambi City (2) partially employment opportunities have a positive and significant effect on the poverty level in Jambi City. (3) partial economic growth has a positive and significant effect on the level of poverty in the city of Jambi.

Entrepreneurship and SMEs Sustainable Development through Business Incubators: The case of Oman

Oman’s developing economy has relied heavily on hydraulics for its expenditure since the early 1970s. However, due to the current business environment and the new direction of the country; the 2020 and 2040 vision tends to focus on transforming the country into an economy which relies on new sector development, new entrepreneurial business startups and SMEs. Entrepreneurial startups and SMEs are significant factors in the development of sustainable growth of a national economy and it is expected that entrepreneurship in Oman will contribute greatly in its economic development and sustainability. This is since using SMEs to increase diversification in the economy, consequently, results in an increase of job opportunities. A startup entity tends to face several hurdles and challenges during the various stages of development such as rigid labor regulations, business knowledge, networks, attracting market segmentation, raising funds, procuring and operations, people management, policies and regulations and social culture. These challenges tend to arise because there is a lack of support for both business and for an existing entrepreneurial ecosystem. Business incubators can play a crucial role in developing an effective and supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem to support entrepreneurs in building their startups at different stages. The introduction of business incubators has the potential to help foster entrepreneurial talent as well as creating an environment for entrepreneurship; this is reflective of business incubators being tools at both the micro and macro level. Therefore, Business Incubation is viewed as a combination of business development processes, infrastructure and knowledgeable business experts - designed to nurture and grow startups. Somewhere in the region of 7000 business incubators exists around the world in 2020, according to the National business Incubation Association. The aim of this paper is to showcase how business incubators may be capable of playing a critical role in developing the entrepreneurial ecosystem within Oman. Furthermore, the authors will show how our understanding of business incubators function may help with national development. After considerable review of business incubators where it was concluded that business incubators represent the cornerstone of entrepreneurship and economic development and sustainability in any economy and especially in Oman. For example, the current study concluded that business incubators lead to job creation, new business formation, business stabilization and expansion, commercialization of research and knowledge and business sustainability. All these benefits in turn will lead to economic development and sustainability, and in sustaining such benefits, there are certain critical success factors must be followed for the success of business incubators and they are having stringent incubate selection criteria; access to facilities and resources; access to consultant, advisors, and experts; access to regulations and legal framework; selection of quality of entrepreneurs, performance measurement and acceptance of innovative products or services.

Foreign experience in the formation of an innovative environment for the development of small and medium sized enterprises

The article examines the efficiency of various international expertise in adopting the innovative environment among small and medium-sized enterprises sector and creating similar innovative potential in Kazakhstan. SMEs sector is considered a vital part of any single economy of the world, there a lot of explanations on this situation, such as an increase of job opportunities and rise of GDP; therefore there is a huge number of different practices implemented in order to increase the efficiency and benefits of this market. In addition, this research describes not only possible measures to improve the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in general, but also concrete measures aimed at directly stimulating SMEs. While some developed countries introduced the newest innovative financial platforms such as getting SMEs in IPO, developing countries can still use the opportunities to fight against poverty in cooperation with international organizations that provide world-class training for SMEs. Additionally, the significance of a digitalization of operational processes of SMEs is emphasized. Although different practices can make a significant contribution on their own, it is argued that the policies of creating an innovative environment should be multi-sided, involving different activities implemented simultaneously, not only focusing on governmental support, but also innovating new independent projects with the help of the government. The conclusions received in this research provides the basis for the adoption of these methods and practices in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries.

Her Voice: Engaging and Preparing Girls With Disabilities for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Careers

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) related fields comprise the top 30 occupations expected to grow the fastest by 2026. This increase in job opportunities, coupled with the evolution of technology, is creating higher demands for diversity in the labor market. Currently all student require innovative training and support from a young age to pursue STEM careers successfully. However, women and girls with disabilities face unique barriers along the STEM education pipeline. In this paper, we report the current and projected labor market trends inthe United States. We then consider how this labor market information can be used by elementary educators to engage girls with disabilities in STEM-related learning effectively. Finally, through our analysis of labor market needs and the available assessment and intervention literature, we present a science-informed framework for intervention.

Růst turistické atraktivity obcí v Beskydech: Případová studie horské obce Bílá, Česko

The article assesses the changes in the tourist attractiveness of a mountain village in the border area of the Beskydy Mountains in relation to the development of tourism. The objective is to identify the impacts of tourism in the region of interest based on analyses of tourist infrastructure, innovations of the holiday resort portfolios, and development of new services in the municipality of Bílá, where a series of development projectsfocusing on tourism has been implemented in the past few years. The methods of questionnaire surveys and interviews with municipality representatives and other key local stakeholders were used to assess the social and economic contributions of tourism and other effects of the increased number of resort visitors for the municipality. The substantial investments into tourism infrastructure innovations have brought a lot of positive effects to the municipality. Some of the key effects include significant increase in job opportunities, positive demographic changes etc. The character of the municipality, which used to be peripheral with migration loss of population, has changed in the last decade as a result of the triple increase in the number of visitors and tourism intensity. The number of jobs in Bílá has increased, particularly in various fields of services related to tourism, which led to increase in commuting to Bílá. Tourism has increased revenues to the municipal budget by eighty times in the last two decades, coming from the fees for recreational stays and accommodation fees, as well as from the lease of real estate. The municipality has substantially changed its image in relation to the dynamic development of tourism and investments into sports and leisure infrastructure, as well as to the development of various events and other activities. Also, Bílá is becoming attractive in relation to business opportunities and is one of the unique mountain villages with a significant potential for development within the peripheral border regions of the Czech Republic.

An ARDL Approach on Crude Oil Price and Macroeconomic Variables

Objective - The removal of fuel subsidies by the Malaysian government in 2014 has been implement with the managed float system for fuel prices. Methodology/Technique - This study investigates the impact of the managed floating system of crude oil prices on the Malaysian economy using ARDL approach by looking at macroeconomic variables such as inflation, economic growth and unemployment rates. Findings - The results show that all of the variables have short lived relationship with oil prices whereby inflation and economic growth are positively related to oil prices. However, unemployment rate has a negative relationship with the changes of WTI crude oil prices. Novelty - The major input in the economy of Malaysia contributes to a positive relationship between inflation and oil prices, whilst the contribution of Malaysia being an oil-producing country results in the positive relationship of economic growth and oil price. Likewise, as oil prices are high, the increase in demand results in increase in job opportunities. Lastly, the correlation test shows that inflation and economic growth have a high positive correlation while unemployment rate has a low negative correlation with oil price. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: ARDL; Crude Oil Price; GDP; Inflation; Unemployment. JEL Classification: E10, E30, E39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.1(8)

Who are the big spending tourists travelling to South Africa?

Orientation: Tourism growth is not just about numbers anymore; it is about utilising the economic potential of every tourist visiting South Africa. This country needs to target the most lucrative markets to benefit economic growth. Research purpose: This article aims to identify the big spenders with reference to demographic characteristics and tourist destination preferences. Motivation for the study: The number of tourists to South Africa increases annually. However this is not evident in an increase in job opportunities or tourism products. The tourism industry also indicated that they receive less tourists. Therefore the increase in tourists do not necessarily lead to an increase in income which might relate to the type of tourist received. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey was done amongst international visitors leaving South Africa at O.R. Tambo International Airport, to which a two-step clustering method was applied. Main findings: Two spending groups were identified namely big spenders and average spenders. Big spenders are characterised by a specific demographic profile of being single, better qualified, in a professional occupation, and male. They tend to prefer visiting the iconic natural attractions where they spend significantly more than the average spenders. Practical/managerial implications: The implication of this study is that tourism bodies should focus more direct marketing efforts on the big spenders and provide products that suit the needs of this target market. Contribution/value-add: Effective market segmentation based on spending provide insight to markets that will create a high return on investment and this will directly contribute to the economic growth of the industry and alleviate poverty.

The Development of Creative Economy : Case Study of Jodipan Colorful Village In Malang

The purpose of this study aim at understanding the development of creative economy in order to increase economic welfare of local community. The establishment of Jodipan Colorful Village which based on creative economy is a way to control the amount of slum area and was able to increase the economic welfare of society as expected. The qualitative descriptive approach aimed at get deep pictures about the researched situation and progress. Based on the results, we can conclude the creative economy development in a form of tourism village has been improving the economic welfare of local community in Jodipan Colorful Village. The economic welfare improvement is shown by the increase of job opportunities after Jodipan Colorful Village is established as tourism village in Malang, Indonesia. Another impact of established Jodipan Colorful Village enables the local citizens become more productive, have their own income, and the environment is well maintained.

Recent changes to immigration laws: Implications for hospitality employers

Immigration New Zealand (INZ) recently announced changes to the skilled migrant residence and essential-skills work visas based on a strong association between skills and salary. This shift will impact both employers and migrants, especially in hospitality.
 According to the INZ, the hospitality sector was the fourth-largest recipient of skilled migrant residence visas in their last reporting year [1,2]. INZ expects migrants employed as chefs, café/restaurant managers and retail managers to be the hardest hit by these changes [1,2]. Residence under the skilled migrant policy can be gained for jobs in skill levels 1–3 as defined in the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO). Traditionally, hotel managers, chefs, and café/restaurant managers have been classed as level 2, and bakers at level 3 in accordance with ANZSCO. However, skills levels are now also assessed based on salary (at least $23.49 p/h) and specialist skills obtained through qualifications and/or work experience.
 Migrants paid a justifiable $35.24 p/h for a position previously considered unskilled (levels 4–5), or those with positions unclassified by ANZSCO, could gain residence under the new policy shift. While this could mean a residence visa for people whose jobs do not neatly fit within ANZSCO, INZ are not easily deceived. Indeed, the Labour Inspectorate reports that 20 percent of the published list of employers currently barred from recruiting migrants (due to breaches of employment and immigration laws) are in the hospitality sector. Accordingly, there is little to be gained by migrants claiming to be paid $80,000 for a housekeeping position. 
 Approximately 21 percent of essential-skills work visas issued by Immigration New Zealand in the last reporting year were for migrants in the hospitality sector [1,2]. Essential-skills work visas cover five skills levels (as indicated by ANZSCO) but now have accompanying salary thresholds. The main change affects migrants earning below $19.97 p/h because they will now be unable to sponsor their partner’s work visa or child’s domestic student visa. While their partner and child would still be able to apply for visas, the partner would have to meet the visa requirements in their own right to obtain a work visa, and their child could only obtain an international student visa – the costs associated with which would likely consume the ‘low’ salary of the migrant worker. Additionally, this ‘low-skilled’ migrant will only be able to obtain one ‘low-skilled’ essential-skills work visa of three-year duration before experiencing a 12-month stand-down period, during which they would be barred from applying for another low-skilled essential-skills work visa. This does not, however, prevent the migrant from applying for an essential-skills visa at a higher skill level or for a visa in another category entirely. Those in positions assessed as skill levels 4–5 under ANZSCO and paid below $19.97p/h will only be issued a 12-month work visa, and will be unable to sponsor a partner for a work visa or a child for domestic student status. There are some elements of the policy change that are not retrospective. It is, therefore, vital to seek specific advice in each case.
 Many employers will now be faced with the prospect of increasing salaries to attract migrants or expending more time and resources to recruit and train New Zealanders. However, it is recalled that many employers, particularly in the regions, have experienced recruitment difficulties for decades. It is, therefore, unclear whether these changes will produce the desired increase in job opportunities and salaries for New Zealanders or whether they will only add to the recruitment woes of employers.
 Corresponding author
 Stewart is a Senior Solicitor with Ryken and Associates (www.rykenlaw.co.nz). He assists in all aspects of immigration and refugee law, including advising on visas, deportation and humanitarian claims. He has experience in representing clients at the Immigration and Protection Tribunal, Family Court, District Court and High Court. Stewart is an active member of the Auckland District Law Society’s Immigration and Refugee Law Committee, where he engages with Immigration New Zealand, the Immigration Protection Tribunal, and other outside organisations, to help shape and inform discussion on immigration and refugee-related policy matters. His work has been published in the New Zealand Law Society’s official magazine (LawTalk) and the New Zealand Law Journal.
 Stewart Dalley can be contacted at: stewart@rykenlaw.co.nz
 References
 (1) New Zealand Immigration. www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/research-and-statistics/statistics
 (2) Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. Aide Memoire Information for Ministers: Composition of the Skilled Migrant Category – updated slide pack, May 26, 2016.

Penilaian Kemiskinan Partisipatif pada Kawasan Transisi Perdesaan ke Perkotaan di Kabupaten Sragen

Poverty in rural-urban transitional area has distinct characteristics from those in urban or rural poverty. This phenomenon can also be seen in Sragen Regency, peri-urban of Solo Raya. A descriptive analysis based on participatory poverty-assessment is conducted in this research in order to understand the poors in the transitional area. A set of questions was given to 100 poor households in urban agglomeration of Sragen. The main finding confirms that 29 households have better livelihood compared to 10 years ago, even though the improvements has not come as expected. Unequal distribution and different accessibility among community groups for urban facilities are identified as the common problems, as well as low standard of urban infrastructures provision in several neighborhoods which requires improvement. The increase of job opportunities is not followed significantly by occupational shift of the poors because of their limited competency and ability. Having this context, policies in such areas should not only related to urban facilities, infrastructures, as well as the living environment provision and improvement, but also needs some elements that focus on labor development, including improvement of competency and asset utilization for business development. These policies are needed in order to improve the quality of urban living environment without compromising the poor’s ability to compete in the rural-urban transitional situation.

KEBIJAKAN DINAS TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI DALAM PERLUASAN KESEMPATAN KERJA DI YOGYAKARTA

The reason behind this research is that there is still problems in limited job opportunities in regency/municipality in Yogyakarta Special Region. The increase of labour force is not yet followed by the increase of job opportunities. The policy made by Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Trasmigrasi is not yet solving this problem so it cause questions, such as, firstly, what kinds of programmes which have been made by Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi in each regency/municipality in Yogyakarta Special Region to increase job opportunities. Second, the matchness of job extension programmes in Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi in Yogyakarta Special Region compare to the labour force.

Effectiveness of a Career Development Course on Students’ Job Search Skills and Self-Efficacy

In the current economic landscape, most college students’ primary goal for obtaining an undergraduate degree is an increase in job opportunities and salary potential. Additionally, the average combined result of graduates’ job searches is one of the primary factors in rankings of higher education institutions. In this study we assessed the effectiveness of a credit-bearing career course on students’ résumé writing, interviewing skills and job search self-efficacy (JSSE) compared to those in a control group of students not enrolled in the career course. Results revealed that being enrolled in the career development course had a significant effect on students’ résumé quality and interviewing skills, yet their JSSE, already high before the course, did not change significantly as a result of the class.

The Impact of Education Level and Gender on Job Search Duration in Turkey

AbstractThis study examines the effects of changes in unemployment rates on job search duration based on education level and gender in Turkey. Using monthly data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute for the period January 2005 through February 2013, we investigated the relationship between job search behavior and unemployment among participants with different education levels and genders. Results show that, in general, unemployment rate negatively affected the university graduates' probability of finding a job, though male university graduates' probability of finding a job was affected positively from their unemployment rate. High school graduates were affected positively from an increase in the overall unemployment rate, and when females and males were examined separately, the unemployment rate of the each group showed positive effects. Considering that vocational high school graduates obtain the same degree as traditional high school graduates but are taught required skills for specific jobs, our findings differed for this group compared with traditional high school graduates showing similarities with the results for university graduates. For the illiterate group, unemployment rate was positively related to job-seeking behavior; therefore, unskilled workers found jobs easily during high unemployment periods.Keywords: Job search * Job search duration * Unemployment * Education * Vector Error Correction ModelThere are two fundamental components that determine the reservation wage and the optimum point to conduct a job search: The education level of the job seeker (i.e., the main element of the reservation wage determination) and the market's current unemployment rate. Another important element is the behavioral differences between males and females. In this context, Ashenfelter and Ham (1979), Nickell (1979), Kiefer (1985), and Kettunen (1997) examined the relationship between education and unemployment, while Durand (1975), Pampel and Tanaka (1986), Psacharopoulos and Tzannatos (1989), Schultz (1990), Tansel (2001), and Bildirici, Aykac, Ozaksoy, and Akgul (2012) emphasized the differences of job search behavior, unemployment rate, and reservation wage determination between males and females, particularly during economic crisis periods.A limited number of previous studies have examined this issue specifically within Turkey. Dayioglu and Kasnakoglu (1997), Tunali (1997), Ozar and Senesen (1998), and Dayioglu (2000) evaluated the education level and labor force participation in Turkey, while Tasci and Darici (2009) and Kumas and Caglar (2011) examined the unemployment rate according to the gender gap. Previous research on the topic is limited due to the absence of reliable data on wages, a problem that still exists and causes issues during econometric analysis processes.The relationship between job search behavior and education and unemployment rate has drawn attention in both job search theory and human capital theory.In human capital theory, chosen education level maximizes the utility and income for a person's life. Early empirical research on the subject was conducted by De Wolff and van Slijpe (1973), Willis and Rosen (1979), Garen (1984), and Oosterbeek (1990). Determination of the optimum education level is a crucial issue, as Spence (1973), Hartog (1981; 1986), Duncan and Hoffmen (1981), Tsang and Levin (1985), Rumberger (1981), and Hartog and Oosterbeek (1988) showed that choosing an education level above the optimum point can cause complications in the long run.In job search models, it is assumed that the higher the level of education, the larger the increase in job opportunities. Since job-offer details proposed to individuals differ for the same job, they build up a job description for each individual. Furthermore, it is assumed that as a result of the increase in job opportunities by schooling year, employment offers that fall short of the education level can be accepted, but the ones that exceed it cannot be accepted or proposed. …

Briefing: Growth of wind power in Sweden – a look at the drivers

Sweden's wind resources, low population density and availability of balancing sources of energy provide great growth potential for further advancement of the wind sector. The growth and profitability of Swedish wind power drives an increasingly active market, attracting energy producers, developers, utilities and financial stakeholders, which as a result leads to an increase of job opportunities within Sweden and the wider Nordic region. This paper explores the reasons for this surge in potential, looking at electricity prices, turbine prices and the investment market before concluding by taking a look at the job opportunities being created.

Fertility and age

The changing social scenario together with economic growth and an increase in job opportunities has to a great extent reduced gender inequality and has resulted in more and more older women seeking help from infertility clinics. Fertility and aging have always been closely linked and the age of the female partner remains the single most important factor in predicting success with treatment. Although tests for the ovarian reserve are an important informative tool and are helpful in selecting treatment options, they are poor predictors of the outcome.

A Study of Impacts—Cruise Tourism and the South West of England

This study draws upon research carried out in 2003, which had the primary purpose of examining the perceived social impacts associated with increased levels of cruise tourism for a major port of call in the South West of England. A survey approach was employed focusing on the town of Falmouth in Cornwall. Data were collected from residents using email and face-to-face street surveys. The results suggest that there is a predominantly positive view of cruise tourism in Falmouth, in respect of perceived impacts. In addition, there is clear recognition within the research population that growth has resulted in an increase in job opportunities, produced financial benefits and led to the development of increased tourist attractions and facilities. There was little to no evidence in the results of negative impacts, including such events as increased levels of crime and overcrowding that are often associated with increased tourism to a destination. The results provide interesting prompts for further research.

Socio-economic Impact of Privatisation: The Tanzania Experience

In Tanzania and during the short run period privatisation has been both positive and negative effects to the economy. The positive impact seems to outweigh the negative. Positive divestiture results can be measured by the number of firms that have been divested, performance of firms which have already been divested, performance of firms, particularly those involved in the supply of public utilities which for the time being remain in the public sector domain, and the degree of competition enhanced by privatisation in general. Negative divestiture results seem to hinge primarily on the number of retrenchees. This factor calls for further research to quantify the exact amount of loss of job opportunities, since there are cases where divestiture led to an increase in job opportunities. Indeed there are also cases where some of the retrenched were redeployed. African Journal of Finance and Management Vol.9(1) 2000: 43-59