Increasing Innovation Activity Research Articles

Управление знаниями как основа наращивания наукоемких технологий

The article discusses the role of effective knowledge management as a basic component of the activation and build-up of science-intensive technologies in developed countries. The authors analyze the reasons for the strengthening of the role of knowledge in the world economy, as well as determine the range of specific features of knowledge as an economic resource of the post-industrial economy. The article concludes that building up science-intensive technologies and increasing the innovative potential of the leading countries of the world economy is impossible without effective knowledge management. The experience of developed countries demonstrates the correlation between effective knowledge management and the intensification of the generation of innovative ideas, increasing innovation activity and building up science-intensive technologies. Gaining competitive advantages and building up such technologies is impossible without effective knowledge management, which is expressed in the continuous development of knowledge resources, encouraging creativity in work processes and stimulating innovation both at the enterprise and industry levels.

Analysis of the Effect of Digital Financial Inclusion in Promoting Inclusive Growth: Mechanism and Statistical Verification

Abstract As the main goal of economic development, inclusive growth (IG) is an important strategic measure to achieve common prosperity. Whether digital inclusive finance can make use of the advantages of scientific and technological innovation to promote IG is of great significance to promote the fairness, effectiveness, and inclusiveness of global development. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), this article first measures the IG index of China from three dimensions: sustainable economic growth, income distribution, and social equity. Subsequently, the article uses a series of mathematical statistical models to verify the transmission path and mechanism of the influence of digital inclusive finance on IG. The findings are as follows: (1) The level of IG in China shows a decreasing trend from east to middle to west, while the average annual growth rate of IG in the eastern region is obviously lower than that in the central and western regions; (2) digital inclusive finance has a significant promotion effect on IG, and digital inclusive finance in the central and western regions has a more obvious promotion effect on IG; (3) digital inclusive finance can achieve IG by increasing innovation activity and improving the level of human capital. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the article puts forward relevant policy suggestions, which provide reference value for formulating high-quality national development strategies and promoting high-quality economic development.

SYNERGY OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR OF INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AT THE MICRO AND MESO-LEVELS

The article is devoted to the issue of the need to combine various management technologies used in the process of developing and implementing innovations, as one of the factors of its intensification. As the analysis shows, at present, despite the efforts of the state, the indicators of innovative development of our country are still unacceptably low, not ensuring a high level of its national security and independence in the world market, which requires an increase in the growth rate of the ongoing processes of innovative development. At the same time, we are talking about both individual enterprises and regions as components of the resulting level of innovative development of the state. Based on the study of the research opinion, it was revealed that as the factors underlying the activation of innovative activities, along with providing financing, forming the necessary human resources, developing innovative infrastructure and legislation, there are also factors due to the managerial aspect, which include the applied management technologies, which are the methods and methods by which the implementation of managerial impact. As revealed, digital and flexible management technologies currently have a predominant importance in the context of increasing innovation activity. According to the author, achieving the best result in innovative development will ensure the synergy of applied management technologies, as a result of which the advantages of digital, traditional and flexible technologies will be realized.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ФОРМИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНО-БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ

Today, the increase in innovative activity in organizations of all branches of the national economy is a key to the development of the state's economy in general. However, in the rating of innovative and active industries, the construction industry occupies one of the last places. Emphasizing the differences of construction organizations, one can assume the need to use different approaches to solving the problems of increasing their innovative potential. In this task, the innovative development of organizations of the investment and construction complex, taking into account the application of new technical developments, is of a strategic nature and requires decision-making only at the level of top managers and enterprise owners. Innovative development of the organization takes the form of a purposeful process that causes qualitative changes, complex and multifaceted, regarding the specifics of the construction company as a socio-economic system. System analysis is important, which makes it possible to choose an effective vector for increasing the innovative potential of the organization of the investment and construction complex. Arguments justifying the need to increase the innovative activity of construction organizations are presented. The strategic nature of innovative development is shown. The need for a systematic approach to increasing the innovative potential of organizations in the construction industry is substantiated. The issue of project integration into the management system of the construction organization was considered. The concept of development and its main distinguishing aspects in the pre- and post-crisis periods are considered; the current state of development in Ukraine is characterized; the impact of the organizational structure and management of the development project on its results is considered. The article considers conceptual approaches to the development of the development of the investment and construction sphere. A conclusion was made about the expediency of land development, which involves the transition from "spot" development to complex development of territories. Also, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the process of introducing innovations in construction is considered. In order to ensure the maximum financial return and reduce the incurred costs, the authors suggest using the fi-development scheme as a management innovation.

ФАКТОРЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ КЛАСТЕРНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА)

The high functional role of investments in the process of regional development is confirmed not only by theoretical research, but also by the practice of functioning of specific regions, examples of which can be used to trace stable relationships between the successful development processes of individual industries and increasing the investment attractiveness of the region itself. Regions need to pay special attention to the formation of an innovative environment suitable for effective work, since in many ways the implementation of a cluster strategy will influence the investment attractiveness of the entire region. In this context, the author examined the main factors of investment attractiveness using the example of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, as territories that require the implementation of a cluster strategy and increased innovation activity. Procedures for introducing a cluster strategy into the regions of the North Caucasian Federal District cannot be effectively implemented without a proper assessment of the factors of investment attractiveness of the region.

The Effect of Intellectual Property Boxes on Innovative Activity and Tax Benefits

ABSTRACT We exploit a quasi-experimental setting with high internal validity to measure the effect of adopting an intellectual property (IP) box on innovative activity and tax benefits. We document innovative activity increases, including patent applications, grants, and highly skilled employment, at the expense of patent quality. Domestic firms drive this effect. We also provide evidence that firms with patents, on average, enjoy up to 7.0 percent lower effective tax rates, with the most significant tax benefits accruing to multinational firms compared to domestic firms. We use the Belgium IP box that limits tax benefits to patent income. Prior IP box literature analyzes heterogeneous IP boxes and provides evidence of substantial increases in patent applications in response to IP box adoption. Our results suggest the patent-income only IP box leads to a modest increase in innovative activity by a maximum of 5.1 percent, with multinationals benefitting relatively more from a financial perspective. Data Availability: The data supporting this study’s findings are publicly available from Bureau van Dijk Orbis, EPO PATSTAT, and the Belgian National Bank. JEL Classifications: H21; H25.

Competitive Positioning of Higher Education Schools and Digital Transformation

The processes of technological development and digitization of the economy find their projection on universities. As a producer of knowledge, they are expected to respond strategically to the challenges of scientific and technical progress to absorb the existing digital potential, at least in two aspects: in relation to the formation of the quality of human capital, according to the needs of the labor market and in terms of the quality of research activity and the transfer of knowledge – to increase innovation activity and the development of the national economy. In this regard, the research thesis is that in conditions of the knowledge economy and Industry 4.0, the main factors for the competitiveness of HEIs and for their competitive positioning are derived from the cooperation between science, education and business and their strategic transformation from classical to research universities, with an equal focus on their educational and research activities.

Роль цифровых технологий в повышении инновационной активности туристских организаций

Tourism sector is currently one of the most effectively developing sectors of the economy, predetermining the market appearance of new forms and types of digital technology, which objectively requires understanding their place and role in the innovative activities of enterprises in this area. In this regard, the study of digital and technological aspects of innovation activities of organizations of the tourism industry becomes of paramount importance and at the same time is a vector for the development of innovative activity. Successful innovators are tourism and hospitality industry organizations that deliver bottom-line results based on the principles of innovation and competition. The success of the organization's functioning in the tourism industry largely depends on the quality of innovation management in general and innovation activity in particular. This study analyzed the importance of digital technologies aimed at increasing the innovative activity of tourism business organizations. A structural and functional scheme has been developed that reflects the relationship of digitalization with the innovative activity of tourist organizations, built on a structural and functional basis, where the principle of the consistency of the study of basic components is laid down as a typology. The benefits of using digital technologies in increasing innovation activity are justified. A methodological approach to the implementation of digital technologies that increase the innovative activity of tourist organizations, based on information and communication support of business processes, including efficiency criteria and response to environmental challenges, is proposed. A model has been formed that reflects the directions of digitalization aimed at increasing the innovative activity of the tourism business, reflecting the detail of innovative services of the tourism industry at the angle of modern trends that are vectors for the development of innovative activity. The study substantiated the conclusion that in order to increase the innovative activity of the tourism industry, it is necessary to comply with the triune concept: "science" – "economy" – "digitalization".

Assessment and directions to boost innovative activity in agriculture

Subject. The article addresses the issues of Russia's technological sovereignty and food security. Objectives. The aim is to develop tools to increase innovation activity in Russian agriculture. Methods. In the course of the study, we employ methods of statistical observation, comparison, as well as the monographic method. Results. The paper determines that the innovative activity of agricultural organizations in Russia remains at a low level. It reveals factors hindering the development of innovation activity, analyzes modern methods of stimulating the innovative activity of agriculture in Russia and in foreign countries, assesses the implementation of State programs to promote innovations in agriculture. Conclusions. It is crucial to develop mechanisms for introducing innovations in agriculture. An important task is the integration of agricultural science and production.

Problems and prospects of commercialization of innovative educational technologies in Kazakhstan

In recent times, Kazakhstan is faced with the task of choosing the right strategy for commercialization in the field of innovation in education, which would ensure the interaction of both knowledge and technology, and capital in the Kazakhstani educational model. The interpenetration of such technologies is primarily necessary to achieve the quality of the needs of the future professional community under the influence of new trends and to benefit from investments in research. The development trajectories of a modern university should provide a complex of global business research and become a strategic resource for economic development in the commercialization process. Research at the university has a fairly wide range of areas, including fundamental and applied works, which, in turn, are the basis for ensuring rapid and effective scientific and technical activities commercialization results. To increase innovation activity, conditions are created for improving the process of commercialization in the field of scientific and industrial innovation, intellectual property, and technical regulation. The authors considered approaches to creating an innovative environment at the university. As the study result, the prospects for the legal framework development for the intellectual activities results (IAR) commercialization were determined. In modern Kazakhstan, mechanisms for the practical application of IAR with the specific business project implementation have been developed to improve the universities promotion and the new technologies market. The research and multifunctional system of innovative scientific and educational infrastructure development of the University has become the higher education system reserv

THE ISSUE OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE INFORMATION ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERESTS

The article reflects the issues of determining the possible institutional foundations of the information economy in the context of national economic interests. A theoretical study has been carried out on the concept of institutionalization and it has been proved that the institutionalization of the information economy in the context of national economic interests should be aimed at creating effective relationships between institutions in the field of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of information, which will allow us to derive a system of national economic interests. a new level is able to ensure the effective functioning of the economy as a whole. The concept of "institutionalization of the information economy" is defined as the process of defining and fixing economic norms, rules, behaviors and decision-making principles that regulate interaction to meet the needs of all members of the information institutional environment. All institutions of the information economy can be divided into institutions of management, support and development institutions. To date, a system of management and support institutions has almost been formed in Ukraine, and the system of development institutions requires further improvement. The balance of economic interests at the national, regional and local levels has an ambiguous structure.This can be a balance of both individual (the interests of the individual, the team) and common interests (the interests of enterprises, organizations, institutions), which is manifested in the most important principles for the derivation of institutional forms of national economic interests arising from the general prerequisites for the development of related goals, objectives, the effect of collective processes that systematically synthesize the country’s macroeconomics. It is proved that the economic interests of enterprises in modern economic conditions are characterized by a higher degree of uncertainty, rapid changes in market conditions, economic conditions, which puts forward new requirements for making effective management decisions. Thanks to the development of information technologies, a new economic virtual space is being formed, where new business conditions are defined that are different from traditional types of economic activity, new opportunities for enterprises appear, which leads to the formation of new ways of realizing economic interests. Attention is focused on the fact that the transition to a new degree of economic development requires an increase in innovative activity and a new approach to innovation, including economic and social features, activation of the innovative potential of enterprises and industries in the information economy. The analysis of trends in the development of the IT sector in the national economy is carried out, the main provisions are given regarding the importance of ICT in ensuring the national economic interests of society.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 AND SANCTIONS ON THE ALTAI ECONOMY: A RECESSIONARY PERSPECTIVE

In recent years, the crisis in the domestic economy, caused by COVID-19 (2019-2020) and the tightening of sanctions imposed by the US government, EU countries, and others, has affected the Russian economy and the economy and social sphere of the Altai Territory. This article aims to identify the dynamics of the region’s economic performance and critical parameters of the social sphere from 2017 to 2022, assess the state of the situation, and make short-term forecasts for its development.
 The crisis of the domestic economy in recent years, caused by the COVID-19 (2019-2020) and the tightening of the sanctions imposed by the USA government, EU countries and some others, could not but affect the Russian economy, in particular the economy and social sphere of the Altai Territory. In this article, the authors made an attempt, based on the economic performance of the industries of the region and the critical parameters of the social sphere, to identity the dynamics in the period 2017-2022, to assess the state and short-team forecasts for the development of the situation.
 The authors suggest that the way out of the recession is possible through an increase in innovative activity among industrial enterprises, implementation of an import substitution program, development of consumer goods production through investment, and the attraction of savings from the population. By implementing these measures, the authors believe that the Altai economy can recover and improve in the future.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В ЦЕЛЯХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РЕГИОНА С УЧЕТОМ ESG-ПРИНЦИПОВ

In the current conditions, when the trends of globalization are being replaced by the trends of regionalization and glocalization, and the idea of globalization is increasingly being criticized in the international economic space, the urgency on the part of federal and regional authorities to study issues related to the transition to a sustainable development model is becoming more acute. The implementation of the principles of sustainable development and the need to take into account the basic provisions of the ESG strategy for regional development is now becoming for all regional socio-economic subsystems not just following current trends, but an objective necessity that allows overcoming the inertial nature of the development of both regional systems themselves and their individual components, increasing innovation activity in the region and making it more investment-oriented attractive. All these tasks are becoming more and more urgent for Russian regions due to the need to function in new economic conditions associated not only with the structural restructuring of both the national and global economy, but also the need to fulfill their economic, social and environmental tasks in these conditions in order to improve the quality of life of their population.

РАЗВИТИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The efficiency of enterprises in a market economy is based on their ability to quickly respond to rapidly changing economic realities. At the same time, one of the fundamental factors affecting the effectiveness, speed and efficiency of such a response is the presence and use of innovative technologies by an economic entity in its activities. Due to the focus of the modern economy on the development of innovation, state support for innovative enterprises is of key importance, since it is financial assistance from the state that is the foundation for the successful development of an innovative enterprise. The search for ways of state regulation and response, mechanisms, tools of state support is the main task when considering the problem of development of innovative enterprises. At the same time, an increase in innovative activity requires the participation of all public authorities, since in addition to monetary resources, tax policy, including various state benefits, credit policy, etc., should also be directed to solving this problem. In other words, the development of innovative activity and innovative enterprises requires the coordination of all state bodies involved in the regulation of the innovation sphere, which predetermines the relevance of the topic of the present study.

СИСТЕМА ИНДИКАТОРОВ И МОНИТОРИНГ ЗЕЛЕНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА

The high degree of uncertainty of market conditions, sanctions pressure and the high need for accelerated import substitution of high-tech products requires government authorities to develop solutions aimed at sustainable development of regions in the long term, taking into account national economic interests. It is impossible to ensure sustainable development without creating and regulating a system of state priorities. The consistency of the goals and actions of state governing bodies will allow us to enter a qualitatively new stage of development, preserving national identity. The key tasks facing the domestic economy during the transition to a new technological order are to increase the competitiveness of products, increase the share of high-tech goods and services in gross output, import substitution in all sectors of the economy. The national policy aimed at the implementation of the above-mentioned tasks requires large-scale investments in all areas of production, in increasing innovation activity and professionalism of personnel. For regions acting as independent economic entities, it is particularly relevant to build up innovation potential, attract investment in the process of capitalization of assets, growth of fixed capital, which become indicators of the attractiveness of the region for potential investors. The sustainable development of individual regions, taking into account their industry specifics, territorial features, the state of material, financial, production and human resources, requires detailed approaches to assessing the factors influencing the formation and use of innovative potential. Innovative potential becomes the foundation of sustainable development in conditions of high environmental volatility and a shortage of investment and financial resources caused by geopolitical crises and transformational processes in the global economy. The need to assess the innovative potential of the region as an economic system is due to the requirements of substantiating managerial decisions aimed at its socio-economic development. The result of investment activity is an increase in the economic and social indicators of the region, which is why it is important to comprehensively and comprehensively study the constituent elements of innovation potential, which will create prerequisites for sustainable development of not only regional, but also national policy. In the conditions of technological transition, innovative projects focused on environmental friendliness and reducing the negative impact on nature deserve special attention – green projects, the success of which requires control.

РОЛЬ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ СЕТЕВЫХ СТРУКТУР В РЕГИОНАХ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА РОССИИ

The development of network structures can contribute to more efficient use of resources and increased innovation activity in the region. Network structures make it possible to overcome geographical and other restrictions and provide economic agents with access to knowledge and information. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that in the period from 2010 to 2017, in regions with a developed manufacturing industry, the development of broadband Internet and online trading had a positive impact on the development of network structures. In regions with diversified industries, the development of network structures was influenced by the development of the Intranet.

МЕХАНІЗМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ

To enter the trajectory of sustainable development, Ukraine needs effective management mechanisms aimed at significantly increasing innovation activity, intellectualizing the main factors of production, as well as creating production and economic systems capable of ensuring GDP growth and a new quality of life of the population on an innovative basis. Scientific views of the problem of developing mechanisms for managing the sustainable development of enterprises in the real sector of the economy are quite fully represented in the scientific works of famous scientists. In addition to approaches to determining the elements of enterprise management mechanisms on an innovative basis, in the theory and practice of management, many approaches have been developed to ensure the sustainability of industrial enterprises as the basis for the competitiveness of the national economy. However, there are certain gaps in the coverage of issues related to the creation of a mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of companies in an unstable geopolitical situation. Therefore, the issue of improving the mechanism for managing the sustainable development of enterprises regarding a holistic approach to their functioning in the national economy and ensuring a synergistic effect in solving strategic tasks of the real sector of the national economy is extremely relevant. The aim of the study is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of creating a mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine in an unstable geopolitical situation. Methods and tools for sustainable development management have been identified, allowing to identify the sources, nature and directions of change to ensure sustainability; the definition of the category "mechanism of sustainable development management" has been clarified; Ukraine now occupies an international place in terms of key economic indicators; an improved mechanism for manag- ing the sustainable development of industrial enterprises, which will contribute to an innovative increase in the level of competitiveness of the national economy and the quality of life of the population in accordance with global transformational trends. The main factors in the process of which there is an important aspect of sustainable development of Ukraine for the analysis and determination of the volume of investments, including the structure and dynamics of foreign investments, are identified and analyzed. Key threats to globalization that could hinder sustainable development have been identified. Based on the study, the main (strategic) stages of ensuring sustainable development of Ukraine are proposed.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ВЕНЧУРНОГО КАПІТАЛУ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ МОДЕЛІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article analyzes the problems arising in the process of forming a market environment for realization of the investment potential of a venture business. It has been noted a defining role of venture capital in meeting the financial needs of business in risky investments, which is based on the availability of venture companies with qualified financial management and the experience in managing innovative projects. The importance of developing global trends in the financial market as one of the most important conditions for the formation and subsequent accumulation of venture capital has been determined and the characteristic features of this process have been specified. It has been emphasized the essential role of the venture capital institution in solving macroeconomic tasks of strengthening economic growth, intensification of updates and modernization of the production base of economic entities by creating conditions for the implementation of expanded structural reproduction of capital. It has been defined also the main factors that ensure the intensification of these processes. It has been noted that venture capital is aimed at meeting the capital needs of enterprises in the processes of their implementation of the projects in their initial stages related to the research and development and commercialization of the previous results. Efficiency at these stages, supported by competent project and financial management, allows the enterprise to attract larger investment resources on milder conditions against the background of reduced investment risks. It has been concluded that there is a low demand for innovations that creates significant problems for the formation of an innovative business model. The lack of the enterprise management’s understanding of the feasibility of investing in innovation, as the main prerequisite for strengthening their competitiveness, has been identified as the main reason of this situation. The objective need for a dialectical transition of business entities to an innovative business model as their reaction to the intensification of competition and the inevitability of using such a model as the only way to ensure their competitiveness has been underlined. The necessity to intensify the role of the state in stimulating the development of venture business by applying the mechanism of state procurement for innovative products as well as budget financing for the purchase of innovative technologies developed in Ukraine for the state enterprises has been emphasized. Another form of such activation is the financing of innovative developments of small and medium-sized businesses. The role of the state is to form an appropriate impetus to increase innovation activity of the SME entities with a further reduction in the severity of such influence as the venture capital market intensifies and the state focuses on improving the institutional support of the venture business model.

Features of the implementation of the innovative modelof economic growth of the Republic of Kazakhstanin a new global reality: financial aspects

The article is devoted to solving the problem of financial and investment support of the innovative model of economic growth of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the improvement of the mechanism and diversification of sources of financing of this process, taking into account world experience. In the course of the analysis, it was revealed that the main factors hindering the increase in innovative activity of companies are: the high cost of innovations, insufficient own financial resources and unacceptable financing and lending conditions. In this regard, the problems of improving the mechanism and diversification of sources of financing investments in innovation are key for Kazakhstan. The analysis of the state of innovation activity of Kazakhstani companies, the structure and dynamics of changes in sources of financing for research and development (R&D) in 2015-2020 in the Republic of Kazakhstan showed that, in general, the volume of investments in fixed assets of industry, and, in particular, the introduction of innovations and new technologies is unacceptably small. In addition, the structure of internal R&D costs and the structure of investments in innovation, carried out at the expense of the state and private investors, is imperfect. In this regard, measures are proposed to financially stimulate the introduction of innovations into production, improve the mechanism and diversify the sources of innovation financing, taking into account world experience.

Mass Migration and Technological Change

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of emigration on technological change in sending locations after one of the largest migration events in human history, the mass migration from Europe to the United States in the 19th century. To establish causality, we adopt an instrumental variable strategy that combines local growing-season frost shocks with proximity to emigration ports. Using data on patents, we find that emigration led to an increase in innovative activity in sending localities. Using data on capital and labor inputs in agriculture and industry, we find evidence of an increased capital intensity related to new technologies in both sectors. We argue that these results are consistent with theories of induced (labor-saving) innovation due to high labor costs following emigration.