Increase In Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

Effectiveness of Foot Care in Preventing Skin Damage and Risk of Diabetic Foot Wounds in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type II is a disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels which can cause many complications. The complications of DM that often occur are skin damage and diabetic foot wounds, because in general patients are not aware of the presence of ulcers due to the neuropathy they are experiencing. The risk of foot injuries can increase the need for treatment and care in patients. However, the risk of foot injuries can be detected early by the patient independently by carrying out regular examinations of the patient's feet. Providing foot care can reduce the incidence of skin damage and the risk of diabetic foot wounds. Objective: The aim of the research is to analyze the effectiveness of foot care in preventing skin damage and the risk of diabetic foot wounds in diabetes mellitus patients. Method: This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest posttest one group design. This research was conducted at the Undata Hospital in the Bougenvile room with a population of 31 participants. The selection of respondents was based on inclusion criteria, namely: age ? 30 years and suffering from DM. Result: The results of the analysis used the paired sample t-Test. The average skin damage prevention score for DM patients before giving foot care was 2.97 and the skin damage prevention score after being given foot care was 2.52, respectively, experiencing a decrease in skin improvement of 0.45. These results show that the average value of diabetic ulcer risk for DM patients before being given foot care was 2.81 and the average value after being given foot care was 2.16 with a difference in improvement in the risk of diabetic ulcers of 0.65 which shows that the p-value is 0.000 < ? (0.005) then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This shows that there is an effect after being given effective foot care on preventing skin damage and the risk of diabetic ulcers in DM patients at Undata Regional Hospital. Conclusion: This research proves the influence of the effectiveness of foot care on preventing skin damage and the risk of diabetic ulcers in DM patients at Undata Hospital.

The association of osteoarthritis with metabolic disorders

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of synovial joint arthritis that causes chronic pain and disability to a large number of people worldwide. Most often, osteoarthritis affects the joints of the knees, hips, spine and hands. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD, 2021) estimates that osteoarthritis will be the fourth leading cause of disability by 2030, with enormous healthcare costs for treatment, as well as significant indirect costs due to loss of productivity and premature retirement. The aim of our research is to determine in what way prevalent metabolic syndrome is among participants with osteoarthritis of one of the synovial joints (knees, hips, hands), and whether metabolic disorders are a risk factor for the development and worsening of osteoarthritis. A prospective clinical study was conducted at the Public Health Institution Health Center Živinice, from July 2022 to May 2024, on a random sample of 200 participants with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), who were divided into a group with metabolic syndrome and a group without metabolic syndrome based on the NCEP ATP III panel criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is significantly higher compared to the prevalence of hip and hand osteoarthritis, and it is greater among participants with a higher BMI (in participants with the highest BMI, knee osteoarthritis occurs with a 100% probability) and with the presence of metabolic syndrome, especially in more severe forms, specifically radiologically confirmed osteoarthritis, regardless of age and gender. Unlike OA knees the prevalence of OA hips and hands shows no correlation with BMI and metabolic syndrome. Multiple comparative analysis of differences in the average severity of osteoarthritis of the knee of subjects with normal glycemia / prediabetes / diabetes type 2 it showed a statistically significant difference in the average severity of knee osteoarthritis in subjects with regular blood sugar compared to subjects with prediabetes/diabetes mellitus type 2 regardless of age and gender. This means that with an increase in blood sugar levels, the degree of severity of osteoarthritis of the knee increases, since each subsequent Group has a higher average value of this indicator (p<0.05; CI 95%).

Early diagnosis of stroke risk factors in high school students in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The number of stroke patients in Indonesia is ranked as the first country to experience the most strokes in all of Asia. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia reaches 8.3 out of 1000 population. This prevalence rate increases with increasing age. Indonesian national data shows that stroke is the highest cause of death, at 15.4%, with approximately 750,000 strokes per year in Indonesia and 200,000 recurrent strokes. People who are physically inactive (those who exercise less than three times per week, each for 30 minutes) have an almost 50% increased risk of stroke compared to those who are active. Physical inactivity can lead to weight problems and increased blood pressure and is associated with diabetes, all of which are important risk factors for stroke. Inactivity also contributes to the onset of early atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design to see and observe the risk factors for stroke that exist in school children in Makassar city. Data processing was carried out using computer application programs and SPSS version 22.0 with data analysis methods using the Chi Square Test with the Yate's Correlation formula in SPSS called Continuity Correction and Risk. The number of respondents studied was 896 people. Hypertension is a major risk factor for health problems in society, especially in socioeconomic transition. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the onset of heart disease and stroke. Doing physical activity will prevent us from various diseases, by doing adequate physical activity we can suppress the increase in blood sugar levels, cholesterol levels, and avoid obesity and strengthen the heart. All of which are risk factors for stroke. So thus by doing adequate physical activity we can avoid stroke. There is a relationship between gender, obesity, hypertension, family history of disease, stress, physical activity, risky diet and smoking on stroke risk factors and there is no relationship between age and knowledge with stroke risk factors.

Perceptions Experiences and Challenges of Physical Activity among Firefighters with Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Services

Background The development of atherosclerosis in firefighters is affected by various cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, poor dietary choices, and lack of physical activity. Together, these elements lead to obesity, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol, and increased blood sugar levels. Continuous exposure to these risks raises the chances of worsening atherosclerosis, which can impede blood circulation to essential organs like the heart and brain. As a result, sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of fatalities while on duty in the fire service. Aim This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions, experiences, and challenges associated with physical activity among firefighters with risk factors for coronary heart disease in the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Services. Methods A purposive sample of nine full-time active career firefighters from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Services, representing three different ranks, was employed, using a descriptive qualitative study design. The semi-structured interview responses were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The participants were free to leave the study at any time and without penalty, and their rights to confidentiality were protected. The thematic analysis was then used to examine the transcripts. Results The results revealed that firefighters were not physically active enough to meet the suggested minimum levels of physical activity and were physically inactive. Sedentary lifestyles have numerous detrimental effects on the human body, such as elevated rates of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause death. Therefore, it is essential to reduce sedentary behavior and increase physical exercise to improve the health and well-being of firefighters. Conclusion Policy strategies should be designed to introduce physical activities at low-moderate intensity levels and accommodate firefighters with coronary heart disease risk factors. Implementing team-based physical activity interventions has demonstrated positive impacts on individual behavior changes within the fire service.

Study of Differences in Blood Sugar Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Who Consume Rice Cooked with the Rice Cooker Method and The Steaming Method

The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey Report issued by the Ministry of Health revealed that there was an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the population aged over 15 years based on the results of blood sugar level measurements. In the 2018 Basic Health Research, it was recorded that the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia reached 10.9%. Now, the prevalence has reached 11.7% in 2023. The Aceh Health Office recorded that sufferers of Diabetes Mellitus until early 2023 reached 154,889 cases. The purpose of this study is to find out the difference in blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus who consume rice after cooking with the rice cooker method and with the steaming method. This quantitative analytical research uses a cross-sectional study design. The population of the study was all people with diabetes mellitus at the Calang Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency, totaling 50 people. Data collection was carried out from January 15 to March 15, 2024 using nonprobability sampling techniques. This study also took direct data by looking at the sugar content of the respondents by eating rice cooked by the rice cooker method and 1 month later by measuring the sugar content of the respondents consuming rice by cooking the rice by steaming. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. The results of the study showed that factors related to blood sugar levels in DM patients were gender, age, education, occupation, income, physical activity, nutritional status, smoking behavior, and family history of diabetes. The factors most related to increased blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients were steaming with OR=7.47, use of a rice cooker of 11.2 and family history of diabetes mellitus of 7.50. It is expected that respondents will control their blood sugar levels, so that DM sufferers and their families will cook rice using the steaming method, and control other risk factors that can cause high blood sugar levels.

Correlation of Wellness Program Against Degenerative Indicators Through Experimental Pre-Posttest

The incidence of degenerative diseases, such as hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, is increasing, primarily due to unhealthy lifestyles. Holistic treatment, involving pharmacology and lifestyle modification, is recommended. The Wellness program, covering diet, exercise, and relaxation techniques like meditation and yoga offers a holistic approach to reduce the incidence of degenerative diseases. Adopting a Wellness program could have positive outcomes, including cost-effectiveness, nutritional balance, and improvements in both physical (through yoga) and mental (through meditation) well-being, but the potential downsides include lack of control groups, inadequate consideration of age and gender, insufficient sample sizes, limited observation days, and an excessive number of measured parameters. This study aims to see the effectiveness and influence of the Wellness program on reducing uric acid levels, cholesterol, blood sugar levels, systolic and diastolic blodd pressure. The intervention is designed for women aged 30-60 who experience rage. However, individuals who are consuming medications or supplements, pregnant, breastfeeding, or not following a prescribed diet are excluded. This study used the quasi-experimental pre-posttest design to see the Wellness program’s effectiveness on uric acid, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and total cholesterol. Sample size calculation was performed using G*Power version 3.1.9.7, and data analysis utilized the T-paired sampled test. The findings from a 3-day study involving 47 participants revealed significant differences post-implementation of the Wellness program, indicating a reduction in uric acid levels and an increase in blood sugar levels with a p-value<0.05.

Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and ɑ-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Extract in Various Solvents

Alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity needs to be inhibited to avoid increasing blood sugar levels in diabetics. Red betel leaf extract is reported to have active compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids that have alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Previous research showed that 70% betel leaf extract has an ɑ-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity of 69.84%, but it is not yet known how the effect of extracts with different levels of polarity on the inhibition activity of alpha-glucosidase enzyme. This study aimed to determine extracts that have optimal levels of phenolic and flavonoid content and the highest suppression of α-glucosidase activity. The multistage maceration method was used to extract red betel leaf simplicia using solvents with different levels of polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol). Tests were conducted on overall phenolic concentration, flavonoids, and ɑ-glucosidase inhibition ability. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey's further test (p<0.05). The results of the assessment of phenolic concentration, flavonoids, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as a whole showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in all extracts with the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content found in the n-hexane extract of 25.68 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g and 65.84 ± 0.96 mg QE/g respectively. Meanwhile, methanol extract of red betel leaf became the best extract in this study with the greatest inhibition among all extracts with a percent α-glucosidase inhibition value of 43.87 ± 1.83%.

Evaluation of thyroid hormones in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background and objective: Increased blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and lack of insulin are a hallmark of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is a chronic autoimmune illness results from the destruction of pancreatic beta –cells. The most common causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are autoimmune diseases Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, respectively. Because type 1 diabetes includes autoimmunity as a pathophysiological trigger, it is not uncommon to investigate patients with both diabetes and thyroid problems. The aim of the study is to evaluate serum thyroid hormones in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this study 104 participants were included, 52 patients with type1 diabetes, and 52 healthy individuals. Blood samples were taken, and serum thyroid hormones levels were measured and the results of cases and controls were analyzed and compared using SPSS program. Results: It was found that the levels of T4 among non- diabetic participants were higher than those of diabetic patients. (P <0.001). There is a negative correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose in T1 diabetic patients according to regression test it has been shown that any increase in the FBG leads to decrease in the BMI. Conclusion: The present study shows that type 1 diabetes mellitus may affect thyroid gland and thyroid hormone levels, that may result in thyroid dysfunction.

Growth Differentiation Factor -15 (GDF-15) Levels in Diabetic Conditions: Animal Model

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels, consisting of Diabetes Mellitus type I (DMT1) and Diabetes Mellitus type II (DMT2). Chronic increases in blood glucose levels will cause oxidative stress through the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Oxidative stress will induce the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, including Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15). GDF-15 levels can be used to predict the risk and progression of DM disease. In exploring diabetes, several studies were carried out on experimental animal models of diabetes, both T1DM and 2DMT models. This research is an experimental study with a Pre and Post-Test Control Group Design approach using rat animals divided into four groups (I=Control group; II=Alloxan group; III=Streptozotocin group and IV=Streptozotocin and high fat diet group) with the aim of to see the levels of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) in diabetic animal model. Based on this research, there was an increase in levels of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) before and after diabetic animal model in the Streptozotocin group P value 0.010; and Streptozotocin with a High Fat Diet group with P value of 0.043 (significance value P < 0.05).

Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga Melalui Pengolahan Keripik Gedebog Pisang

Poverty is one of the major problems faced by Indonesia because human needs and desires are increasing and becoming more diverse from day to day, as are household needs. One indicator for increasing welfare is by increasing empowerment of women, especially housewives. Through productive household business activities such as producing chips from banana stems, Business opportunities selling home-cooked food or chips from banana stems are still very much in demand among the community, besides this business is also not difficult to do because housewives can do this activity in the gaps of being busy as housewives, and the raw materials do not have to be bought again at the traditional market because they are already available in the garden or in the yard. Banana plants only bear fruit once and then die so the banana plants that have been harvested will be cut down and replaced with new banana shoots. Banana stems that come from the remaining harvest are usually not used or processed so that they pile up and cause an unpleasant odor for the community. In fact, banana stems have good content for the human body such as being able to prevent an increase in blood sugar levels and improve the digestive system by having daily fiber intake, banana stems can also support diet programs because they can make you full, banana hearts can also reduce postpartum fever, treat intestinal ulcers, treat chicken pox, can prevent kidney stones, reduce stomach acidity levels, and cure infections, and there are many more benefits of banana stems that are not yet known by the community

Penerapan Aktivitas Fisik Jalan Kaki Terhadap Perubahan Kadar Gula Darah Sewaktu Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is classified into a group of metabolic diseases with special characteristics of increased blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia, which is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion or abnormalities in insulin work. Physical activity can also affect blood sugar levels, one of which is the type of physical exercise recommended for people with diabetes mellitus, walking. This research design is experimental in the form of a one group pretest-posttest design. This research was carried out by providing physical activity intervention by walking 3 times a week for 20 minutes. Based on the application of EBP, the results obtained from 3 research respondents experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels every day with different differences. This can be proven that non-pharmacological therapy using walking physical activity is effective and can be used to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. . It is hoped that the results of this research can provide insight to diabetes mellitus sufferers in efforts to manage diabetes mellitus with the physical activity of walking and can have implications for this.

IN SILICO STUDY OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF TRANS-ANETHOLE, FENCHONE, AND ESTRAGOLE

Background: An unhealthy lifestyle characterized by consuming foods with a high glycemic index can increase blood sugar levels significantly. Diabetes mellitus therapy using antidiabetic drugs in patients aims to help control blood sugar levels. Objective: This study aims to determine the affinity and interaction models of trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole as test compounds against the target proteins pancreatic ?-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, as well as in silico toxicity prediction of the test compounds. Methods: This study used AutoDock 4.2 as a molecular docking method to evaluate the affinity and interaction models of the test compounds against the target proteins pancreatic ?-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4) and DPP-4 (PDB ID: 3W2T) as a potential antidiabetic agent. In addition, the toxicity of these compounds was predicted using the Toxtree program with Cramer Rules, Benigni/Bossa, Verhaar Sceme, and Kroes TTC parameters. Results: The results showed that the test compounds had binding energies that showed their affinity to the target protein. The trans-anethole did not show any structural features indicating potential toxicity. Fenchone has the class III category for the Cramer Rules parameters, and estragole has a structural alert for genotoxic carcinogenicity based on the Benigni/Bossa Rulebase parameter. Conclusion: Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole have been observed to exhibit antidiabetic potential through their interactions with the pancreatic proteins ?-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, although their effectiveness is not as high as that of the native ligands. Additionally, further toxicity testing is required for the three compounds. Keywords: Trans-anethole, Fenchone, Estragole, Molecular Docking, Antidiabetic

Application Of Cinnamon Bark Boiling To Reduce Blood Sugar Levels In Patients Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels at times equal to or more than 200 mg/dL, and fasting blood sugar levels above or equal to 126 mg/dl. Diabetes Mellitus as a non-communicable disease is the number one cause of death in the world. It is estimated that 422 million adults lived with diabetes mellitus in 2014. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas results, the prevalence of type 2 DM based on doctor's diagnosis in Indonesia was 2.0%, whereas in 2013 it was only 1.5%. The aim of this research is the application of cinnamon bark decoction to reduce blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. This research was conducted in the working area of ​​the Lubuk Basung Community Health Center with a Quasi-Experimental research type with the research design being a one group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted for 3 days on all clients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus who met the inclusion criteria. The research results showed that the average pretest blood sugar with cinnamon bark decoction in respondents was 215.88 mg/dL. The posttest blood sugar results for respondents with cinnamon bark were 163.38 mg/dL. The difference in reducing blood sugar levels in respondents with cinnamon bark was 52.5 mg/dl. So it can be concluded that there is an influence on sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients by giving cinnamon decoction.

PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN DAN PEMERIKSAAN KADAR GULA DARAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DIABETES MELITUS DI DESA CURAH COTTOK, SITUBONDO

Diabetes mellitus is a disease whose population is increasing and can occur at all ages. This disease generally appears in the elderly. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased glucose levels in the blood. In rural communities, knowledge about this disease is still minimal, so hyperglycemia is usually only discovered when the condition gets worse. Blood sugar levels can be determined through blood sugar checks. The people in Curah Cottok Village have a pattern of consuming quite a lot of sugar. Drinks tend to taste very sweet when consumed. Apart from that, this village also produces crackers where the basic ingredient for making crackers is flour which is another source of carbohydrates. This needs to be watched out for because it can be a factor in increasing blood sugar levels. Increasing community knowledge in rural areas is carried out through health education activities and health consultations. Early detection of diabetes mellitus is carried out through random blood sugar level checks. This community service activity was carried out in Curah Cottok Village, Situbondo. Participants in this activity were 26 people aged 50-80 years. The result of this community service activity is a change in the village community's knowledge from knowing to knowing about diabetes mellitus and the prevention that needs to be done. Another result is data reports on residents who are at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. This data can be used by village officials or village midwives to plan referrals to health facilities or programs to prevent diabetes mellitus complications

Bifunctional Tb(III)-modified Ce-MOF nanoprobe for colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of α-glucosidase activity

α-Glucosidase, which directly involves in the metabolism of starch and glycogen and causes an increase in blood sugar level, is the major target enzyme for the precaution and therapy of type II diabetes. Based on the previous work, we adopted a post-synthetic modification method to encapsulate Tb3+ into Ce-MOF nanozyme which owned mixed valence states. Tb@Ce-MOF displayed induced luminescence characteristic and exceptional oxidase-like activity that could oxidize colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue ox-TMB. α-Glucosidase can hydrolyze the substrate l-ascorbic acid-2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl (AAG) to generate ascorbic acid (AA), which could increase the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox valence mode in Tb@Ce-MOF, leading to the inhibition of the allochroic reaction of TMB and the decreased absorption of ox-TMB at 652 nm. The energy transfer (EnT) process from Ce3+ to Tb3+ will enhance due to the increased Ce3+/Ce4+ mode in Tb@Ce-MOF, which will result in an enhanced fluorescence signal of Tb@Ce-MOF at 550 nm. But the addition of inhibitor acarbose will inhibit the above process. We have constructed a dual-mode detection platform of α-glucosidase and its inhibitor via colorimetric and fluorometric method. The linear range of α-glucosidase were 0.01–0.5 U/mL (colorimetric mode) and 0.8–1.5 U/mL (fluorometric mode), respectively, with a detection limit as low as 0.0018 U/mL. Furthermore, our approach was also successfully employed to the analysis of α-glucosidase in serum samples.

Exploring The Differences : A Comparative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Quality of Different Brands of Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets

Type 2 diabetic patients can regulate their increased blood sugar levels using metformin, an antidiabetic medicine approved by the FDA. It decreases the quantity of glucose produced by the liver, lessens the glucose absorption from the intestines, and raises insulin sensitivity. For best effects, metformin should be used in conjunction with dietary modifications and physical activity. The first-line oral hypoglycemic medication for type 2 DM(Diabetes Mellitus) is thought to be metformin. The recommended medication for obese people is MET. AMPK- Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, a liver enzyme crucial to insulin signaling, is triggered by metformin. Metformin’s inhibitory effect on hepatic cell glucose synthesis necessitates AMPK activation. This study aims to compare the pharmaceutical quality of three different brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets. All the three brands were evaluated for uniformity of weight, friability, hardness, dissolution, disintegration and assay was performed. All the brands tested were within the specification, thus all the tablets passed the pharmaceutical quality test, however, variations exist between brands, which could be due to differences in excipients, pressure during compression, manufacturing procedure etc.

Effect of hydrolysed carrageenan as sugar replacement on physicochemical properties of pineapple jam (Ananas comosus)

Pineapple is one of tropical fruits that is easily perishes due to high moisture content. Further processed into low-moisture food such as jam is needed to extend its shelf life. Jam has a high sugar content and if consumed in the long term could increase blood sugar levels leads to diabetic disease. Carrageenan is one of the hydrocolloids that can be used as a sugar substitute because it can bind to free water, increase shelf life, and cannot be hydrolysed into simple sugar by the gastrointestinal tract. However, carrageenan needs to be modified by the hydrolysis of acid using hydrochloric acid to break down the polysaccharide structure into simpler sugar structures. The aim of the study is to determine the physicochemical properties of hydrolysed carrageenan and the effects of the application of hydrolysed carrageenan as a sugar substitute in pineapple jam. The carrageenan that used were hydrolysed by 0.01 M and 0.02 M of HCl for 24 and 48 h. Results showed that the higher concentrations of HCl used and the length of hydrolysis significantly increased the yield, viscosity, reducing sugar, and spreadability and decreasing the color intensity. It also showed that the texture and spreadability of the jam that has been substituted with hydrolysed carrageenan will increase with increasing HCl concentration and hydrolysis time.

Impact of Lifestyle Modification: An Intervention on Newly Diagnosed Diabetics of the Urban Slum of Meerut.

Introduction Diabetes is a long-term condition that necessitates ongoing medical attention and self-care to prevent immediate complications and minimize the likelihood of long-term issues. Early diagnosis is one of the most important steps for people living with diabetes to take. Public awareness regarding the importance of lifestyle modification in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus is a crucial preventive measure. Despite continuous efforts to raise public awareness, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase, with most people overlooking the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Our goal was to assess the impact of lifestyle modification on glycemic control in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Materials and methods A total of 503 adults aged 30 years and above who were nondiabetic or were unaware of their diabetic status were assessed for their fasting blood glucose levels. Individuals identified as diabetic based on their fasting blood glucose levels were subjected to lifestyle modification for a period of three months. Glycemic levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the study period for comparison. Results Of the study participants, 7.6% were undiagnosed diabetics with increased blood sugar levels who were unaware of their diabetic status. Mean anthropometric measurements from pre- to postintervention values improved overall.Overall reduction was observed in weight (66.21±12.97 to 63.18±11.48), waist circumference (96.21±13.01 to 91.77±11.82), hip circumference (105.16±11.91 to 103.58±10.88), waist-hip ratio (0.91±0.09 to 0.88±0.08) and body mass index (27.48±6.04 to 26.18±5.30). Significant reductions were observed in the mean glycemic values, including fasting blood sugar (180.19±55.81 to 152.56±45.74)and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (8.61±1.97 to 6.68±1.67). Conclusion Lifestyle modification plays a crucial role in managing diabetes, both in preventing its onset and controlling its progression. The present study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and lifestyle interventions in the management of diabetes, thereby stressing the necessity of comprehensive strategies to combat this situation.

Computational study demonstrated anti-diabetic potencies of Diosgenin and Multiflorenol as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise on a global basis, making this entity one of the most pressing issues facing public health nowadays. Generally, diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood sugar levels caused by insulin secretion or action abnormalities. Natural products have become more popular in treating various types of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, due to their minimal adverse effects. Promoting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) activation is an anti-diabetic strategy due to its biological function for adipocyte storage, mobilization, differentiation, and insulin sensitivity. This study aims to evaluate diosgenin and multiflorenol in silico as anti-diabetic drug candidates by targeting PPARG. Several analyses, such as molecular docking, protein target prediction, biological function prediction, protein-protein interaction, and pharmacokinetics analyses were carried out in this study. Computational prediction showed PPARG have involved in several activities, such as fat cell differentiation, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid transport, and cellular response to fatty acid. The binding affinity score revealed that diosgenin and multiflorenol have a higher value than the control drug. Other characteristics, such as chemical interaction, amino acid residues, and physicochemical properties, demonstrated supportive drug development outcomes. Therefore, based on our findings, we suggested that diosgenin and multiflorenol, both of which target PPARG, would hold promise as potential candidates for an anti-diabetic drug.

EFFECT OF TRIGONA LAEVICEPS HONEY ON DECREASED GLUCOSE LEVELS IN MALE RATS (RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

ABSTRACT
 
 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) which occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. People use many herbal remedies, one of which is Trigona laeviceps honey. This study aims to determine the effect of giving Trigona laeviceps honey on reducing glucose levels in male rats (Rattus novergicus L). This research was an experimental study using 28 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were then analyzed by the Kruskall Wallis test to determine differences in glucose levels in the groups. The results showed that there was a decrease in glucose levels in the group given Trigona laeviceps honey and a significant difference in mean glucose levels was obtained based on the treatment group (p 0.000).
 Keywords : Trigona leaviceps honey, DM, blood glucose.