Incoming Stream Research Articles

A Comprehensive Overview on the Biology and Culture Practices of Mud Crab (Scylla Sp.) in India

The genus Scylla, commonly known as mud crabs, is frequently found in mangrove habitats, brackish waters, coastal regions, ponds, and intertidal swamps, making them a rapidly growing exportable resource in India. Farming mud crabs serves as a vital income stream for fish farmers throughout the country. The increasing demand for mud crabs in the export market as an alternative to shrimp has led to heightened collection of wild seeds for cultivation, thereby posing a threat to natural populations. To promote sustainable crab farming and alleviate pressure on wild stocks, it is essential to focus on the availability of seeds, which is a crucial factor for successful farming. Additionally, crab fattening proves to be lucrative due to its quick turnover and high survival rates. This practice is particularly advantageous for small-scale operations, providing an extra source of income for local fishermen. This review article aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the ecology and biology of mud crabs.

The Impact of Non-Interest Income on Bank Risk in Chinese Commercial Banks

In the rapidly evolving economic landscape of Chinese commercial banks, the diversification of revenue streams beyond traditional interest income has emerged as a critical trend. Traditionally reliant on interest-based revenue, these institutions are increasingly focusing on non-interest income due to intensified market competition and the liberalization of interest rates. This study aims to investigate the impact of non-interest income on the risk profiles of Chinese commercial banks, a relationship that has been subject to both supportive and critical academic perspectives in recent research. This research employs a panel data econometric model analyzing data from thirteen publicly-listed Chinese commercial banks from 2015 to 2022. The paper explored variables such as non-interest income proportion, bank diversification index, and several risk measures like risk-adjusted return and the Z-Score for bankruptcy risk. Key findings indicate a complex relationship where non-interest income generally reduces bankruptcy risk and enhances risk-adjusted returns. Conversely, income diversification shows mixed effects; it appears to reduce risk in some metrics while potentially increasing it in others. The study concludes that while non-interest income plays a beneficial role in mitigating overall banking risk, the effects of diversification are nuanced and call for careful risk management. Banks are advised to balance their income streams and ensure that expansions into new non-interest income avenues align with their risk management capabilities. These insights contribute to strategic financial management within the evolving Chinese banking sector.

Bank loan growth under uncertainty in Vietnam: Does bank diversification matter?

Uncertainty has become a critical concern for economists and policymakers worldwide, especially following the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, both of which have underscored its significant economic implications. This study delves into the impact of banking uncertainty on loan growth, with a particular emphasis on the moderating role of bank diversification. Diversification is evaluated across three key dimensions: assets, funding sources, and income streams. The analysis is based on a panel dataset comprising 40 Vietnamese commercial banks over the period from 2010 to 2023. To address potential endogeneity, the study employs a dynamic model estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The findings reveal a negative relationship between banking uncertainty and loan growth, indicating that uncertainty adversely affects banks’ lending activities. The results also highlight that banks with higher levels of diversification are better positioned to cushion the negative effects of uncertainty, with this mitigating effect being consistent across all three dimensions of diversification. These insights suggest that diversification strategies can play a vital role in enhancing banks’ resilience to economic shocks and uncertainties. AcknowledgmentThis research is part of Tan Phuc Nguyen’s PhD thesis conducted at the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking under the supervision of Van Dan Dang.

Harvesting insights: Rural community members’ perceptions of agritourism in Oklahoma

Rural communities face significant challenges such as persistent poverty, aging infrastructure, food insecurity, and natural disasters. With agriculture as a primary focus, these communities increasingly depend on external income and technology. Agritourism offers a promising solution by allowing farmers to diversify their income streams while promoting rural development. In Oklahoma, there are over 400 agritourism venues (USDA NASS, 2022). However, urbanization and climate change continue to reshape the agricultural landscape, affecting farmers and rural communities. This study examines the perceptions of agritourism among rural citizens in southwest Oklahoma and its potential for rural development. Utilizing the Community Capitals Framework (Flora et al., 2006) and Chase et al. (2018) agritourism framework, the study surveyed 159 residents, revealing a generally positive perception of agritourism as beneficial for communities and agriculture. Despite recognizing its benefits, respondents indicated a need for more guidance on how to engage in agritourism. The findings suggest that although there is awareness and appreciation of agritourism, there is also a significant opportunity for expansion and support. Extension services and state agencies are recommended to provide targeted education and training to maximize agritourism's economic and community development potential in rural areas.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTIONS DURING INCLINED QSPA PLASMA IMPACTS ON Sn-FILLED CPS

A 3D-printed tungsten Sn Capillary Porous Structure (CPS) sample was exposed to oblique high-power plasma in the QSPA facility. The experiment aimed to analyze the damage to a liquid metal prototype, a potential component of the divertor in fusion tokamaks. Observations of plasma-surface interactions revealed particle ejection from the exposed target, which depended on the energy density of the incoming plasma stream. The leading edge of the CPS sample was identified as the primary source of the ejected particles. A reduction in mass loss rate of the plasma-treated sample over the course of the experimental series was demonstrated. The W substrate of the CPS target did not sustain significant damage. A comparative analysis of the damage to Sn-CPS and castellated W samples exposed to inclined and normal plasma streams under conditions simulating transients in a fusion reactor was also performed.

Building feminist communities in the digital economy: algorithmic affordances and feminist dilemmas

ABSTRACT Increasing numbers of individuals and groups are turning to subscription-based platforms like Patreon to create smaller, more private digital spaces, and income streams less contingent on social media platforms. Within this shift, feminist groups are notably visible, from private community platforms to messaging groups. In this paper, I consider this shift by reflecting on findings from a three-month digital ethnography with the Anti Diet Riot Club, a UK-based group who in 2021 launched ‘The Community’, a subscription-based online community. Drawing on ethnographic data, I explore how in contrast to experiences of social media platforms and algorithms as fast-paced, exhausting, tiring and boring, being in a space which was algorithmically simpler, slower and sparser was experienced by participants as enabling, agency-building, and connective. Yet, ‘The Community’ ultimately sits behind a paywall, and this generates powerful tensions between building participatory feminist communities, and the kinds of consumer, service-oriented expectations and relationships that emerge. I conclude by considering the opportunities slowness and sparseness afford for building feminist networks of community and support, while critically reflecting on how subscription-based memberships entangle feminist initiatives within the neoliberal digital economy and the challenges this poses for creating and sustaining feminist digital spaces.

Influence of Credit Limitations on the Growth of Small Enterprises in Fragile States: The case of Bosaso, Somalia

In recent years, the development of small enterprises has emerged as a vital component of economic growth and poverty alleviation in many countries. This study aimed to investigate the influence of credit limitations on the growth of Small Enterprises in Bosaso, Somalia. To achieve this objective primary data was collected and analyzed employing content analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that a majority of small enterprises in Bosaso have access to credit, with Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and banks being the primary sources. However, a significant minority still lacks access to credit, mainly due to weak banking infrastructure and insufficient collateral. Small enterprises face numerous challenges when seeking loans, including insufficient guarantor, Political instability, limited financial infrastructure, high interest rates, and limited collateral. These challenges hinder their ability to access credit, limiting their growth potential. Also, the regression analysis indicated a positive and significant relationship between credit availability and small enterprise growth. Conversely, the access to loan and the cost of credit were found to have negative impacts on growth. On the other hand, Small Enterprises in Bosaso employ various coping strategies to overcome credit limitations, including informal financing, asset-based financing, diversification of income streams, cost reduction measures, and seeking grants or donor funding. Based on these findings, the authors made several recommendations to address the challenges and enhance the growth prospects of small enterprises in Bosaso, Somalia.

Learning to Detect Novel Species with SAM in the Wild

AbstractThis paper tackles the limitation of a closed-world object detection model that was trained on one species. The expectation for this model is that it will not generalize well to recognize the instances of new species if they were present in the incoming data stream. We propose a novel object detection framework for this open-world setting that is suitable for applications that monitor wildlife, ocean life, livestock, plant phenotype and crops that typically feature one species in the image. Our method leverages labeled samples from one species in combination with a novelty detection method and Segment Anything Model, a vision foundation model, to (1) identify the presence of new species in unlabeled images, (2) localize their instances, and (3) retrain the initial model with the localized novel class instances. The resulting integrated system assimilates and learns from unlabeled samples of the new classes while not “forgetting” the original species the model was trained on. We demonstrate our findings on two different domains, (1) wildlife detection and (2) plant detection. Our method achieves an AP of 56.2 (for 4 novel species) to 61.6 (for 1 novel species) for wildlife domain, without relying on any ground truth data in the background.

Agroforestry for Carbon Neutrality: An Effective Pathway to Net Zero

Agroforestry is a promising strategy to achieve carbon neutrality and net zero emission, aiming towards the balance between greenhouse gas emissions and equal amount of carbon removal through sequestration Among several methods of carbon sequestration, agroforestry stands out for its unique ability to simultaneously sequester carbon while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions associated with chemical fertilizer use in conventional agriculture. These systems store carbon through multiple pathways like, in above-ground biomass, below-ground root systems, and enhanced soil organic carbon accumulation while maintaining the agricultural productivity. Acknowledged under the afforestation and reforestation programs of the Kyoto Protocol, agroforestry has attracted interest for its several advantages from both industrialized and developing countries for its multifaceted benefits, including its potential to combat desertification and reduce anthropogenic emissions. Beyond carbon sequestration, it enhances soil fertility, supports biodiversity conservation, and provides economic diversification for farmers through multiple income streams. The role of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) negotiations in extending the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period has further strengthened agroforestry's position in global climate action, particularly through the development of REDD offset credits in compliance carbon markets. The World Agroforestry Centre defines agroforestry as a dynamic, ecologically based natural resources management system that integrates trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifying and sustaining production for increased social, economic, and environmental benefits. The Association for Temperate Agroforestry (AFTA) defines it as an intensive land management system that optimizes the benefits from biological interactions created when trees and/or shrubs are deliberately combined with crops and/or other natural resources. This review article critically examines agroforestry's crucial role as an effective pathway toward achieving carbon neutrality and net zero goals, synthesizing current knowledge and future prospects.

Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom could be a Viable Option for Doubling the Farmer’s Income - An Overview

Our country is celebrating 75th year of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsava and our Government is very much focused on how to double the farmer’s income, it is the utmost duty of every researcher, educationist and agriculture scientist to explore the ways and means to achieve this target. The cultivation of oyster mushrooms has the potential to significantly increase the income of farmers. Oyster mushrooms are easy to grow, require minimal resources, and have a high market demand. By cultivating oyster mushrooms, farmers can diversify their income streams and increase their profits. This abstract suggests that oyster mushroom cultivation could be a viable option for farmers looking to double their income. Indian economy is primarily agriculture based and where the average income from Agriculture Sector ha-1 is very less in comparison to the other developed nations of the world. This is a call of time to enhance the farmer’s income so they can live their lives in a lucrative manner. Present objective cannot be achieved merely by enhancing the price of the different agricultural produce which the farmers grow on their farm lands, but we should include certain other practical implications to increase the existing productivity level of different agricultural and allied ventures by diversifying farm enterprises. Mushroom culture is one of such enterprises with particular reference to oyster mushroom which has the vast potential to double the existing income level of farmers and this enterprise can easily be adopted by any category of farmers even having marginal landholding.

Investigation of slug catcher vessel degradation by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) damage

Slug catchers offer effectively multiphase flow management in the field of oil and gas industry. critical equipment required for isolates and confines liquid, gases, and solid particles in slugs under environmental conditions that observed to incoming production stream. This work examines the case study that undergoes corrosion failure in vessels of slug catcher, concentrating on (H2S) damage, hardness, and microscopic corrosion in different locations. The methodology of this study involved visual inspections, hardness, and microscopic testing in order to evaluate the level of nature corrosion. The results refer that while the failure of corrosion pits present, there were not cracks, microcracks, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), or Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) recognized in the structural of vessel. The structures of ferrite and pearlite of the HIC were presented in main components, and there are no cracks or microcracks detected.

Разработка и применение алгоритмов фильтрации и обработки видеопотока на ПЛИС

The paper is devoted to the details of implementation of machine vision algorithms on FPGA. The algorithms were implemented using the Vitis HLS high-level synthesis tool. The main parameter in the realization of the algorithms is speed; since it is necessary to proceed processing of the incoming video stream with minimum delay.

Empowering Women through Sericulture: Transforming Defective Cocoons into Opportunities

In South Asia, particularly India, women face significant challenges stemming from gender discrimination, poverty, and caste-based inequalities. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as a pivotal approach to women's empowerment, promoting both economic independence and social awareness. This review paper explores the role of sericulture, specifically the crafting of handicrafts from silk cocoons, as a means of enhancing women's livelihoods in rural areas. By utilizing cut and pierced cocoons, artisans can create a diverse array of decorative and functional products, contributing to both personal income and community development. This innovative use of by- products in handicrafts not only fosters creativity but also promotes self-employment, allowing marginalized women to gain economic agency. Moreover, engaging in cocoon crafting serves as a therapeutic activity, improving mental well-being and providing a sense of purpose. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating bio-crafts into the broader sericulture industry. This integration not only enhances sustainability by making use of waste materials but also provides a reliable income stream for women and their families. The potential for value addition through skilled craftsmanship transforms what would otherwise be discarded into valuable products, contributing to the local economy. Ultimately, these initiatives improve women's economic status and contribute to their social empowerment, offering a multifaceted solution to entrenched gender inequalities in South Asia. By equipping women with skills and resources, fostering community support, and promoting environmentally sustainable practices, the crafting of silk cocoon handicrafts exemplifies a holistic approach to addressing the challenges faced by women in rural areas. Through this innovative model, women can achieve greater independence, enhance their social standing, and participate actively in their communities, paving the way for a more equitable and empowered society.

Building a Culture of Compliance: The Influence of Tax Socialization and Inclusion on Indonesian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Taxpayers

Taxes serve as the cornerstone of any nation's economic framework, functioning as both a regulatory mechanism and a primary source of government revenue. They are indispensable for managing taxpayer behavior, ensuring a steady stream of state income, and financing essential public services and infrastructure development. In Indonesia, the compliance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is pivotal to the nation's fiscal well-being. This study delves into the factors that influence MSME taxpayer compliance, specifically focusing on the role of tax socialization, tax inclusion, and the involvement of tax volunteers. A quantitative research approach was adopted, involving the distribution of questionnaires to MSME taxpayers in Indonesia. The data collected was then analyzed using SPSS software to test the hypotheses regarding the impact of tax socialization, tax inclusion, and tax volunteers on taxpayer compliance. The findings of this study reveal that tax socialization and tax inclusion positively influence the level of tax compliance among Indonesian MSME taxpayers. Furthermore, the involvement of tax volunteers also has a positive impact on enhancing taxpayer compliance. This study underscores the importance of tax socialization and tax inclusion in fostering a culture of compliance among MSMEs in Indonesia. The positive role of tax volunteers in assisting taxpayers and promoting compliance is also highlighted. These findings have significant implications for tax authorities in their efforts to improve tax compliance rates and enhance revenue collection.

One faith for different realities: accounting and management practices of Benedictine monasteries

Purpose This paper aims to explore how the accounting and management practices of monastic institutions were shaped by their surrounding social, political, geographical and economic environments, as well as religious ideologies, during critical historical periods. Design/methodology/approach By applying institutional theory and the comparative international accounting history perspective, this study conducts a comparative analysis of archival records from two monasteries, examining how their accounting and managerial practices were influenced by differing institutional logics. The research relies on systematic archival data collection, complemented by secondary sources, to analyze how religious beliefs shaped the accounting and management practices of these institutions and the degree of convergence between the two. Findings This study found that both monasteries adapted their accounting and management practices to their external environments. San Placido demonstrated resilience amidst disruptions such as wars and earthquakes, while Silos showed financial sophistication through diverse income streams. The resilience of these institutions was driven by their ability to align internal operations with external political, economic and social factors. This adaptability, coupled with strategic management, enhanced their capacity to maintain financial stability, illustrating the direct link between external changes, organizational resilience and improved financial health. Research limitations/implications This study highlights the historical interplay between religious principles and accounting management practices in Benedictine monasteries by comparing two monasteries. It reveals how external environments shape internal operations, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of these institutions in maintaining financial sustainability through the alignment of external pressures with internal resilience mechanisms, which in turn bolster their financial health. Originality/value This research contributes valuable insights to historical managerial and accounting literature, shedding light on the financial resilience and strategies used by Benedictine monasteries. It underscores the enduring respectful legacy of their accounting practices and the unique interplay between spiritual devotion and organizational structure within these institutions.

Validating Flow-Based Arrival Management for En Route Airspace: Human-In-The-Loop Simulation Experiment with ESCAPE Light Simulator

The advancement of Arrival MANager (AMAN) is crucial for addressing the increasing complexity and demand of modern airspace. This study evaluates the operational feasibility and effectiveness of an innovative AMAN designed for en route airspace, the so-called En Route AMAN. The En Route AMAN functions as a controller support system, facilitating the sharing of information between en route air traffic controllers (ATCos), approach controllers (current AMAN), and airport controllers (Departure Managers) in airports with multiple runways. The En Route AMAN aims to support upstream ATCos by sequencing and spacing of incoming streams via speed control and runway assignment, thereby enhancing overall air traffic efficiency. Human-In-The-Loop simulations involving rated ATCos are performed under scenarios that replicate real-world traffic and weather conditions. These simulations focus on upstream airspace to assess the impact of En Route AMAN on delay mitigation and ATCos’ performance. Unlike previous studies that solely relied on theoretical models and fast-time simulation for operational feasibility evaluation, this approach incorporates ATCos’ real-time decision-making, situational awareness, and task management, addressing critical operationalization challenges. The results demonstrated that the En Route AMAN could reduce the average flight duration by up to 25.6 s and decrease the total number of ATCo instructions by up to 20% during peak traffic volume. These findings support that the En Route AMAN is both operationally viable and effective in mitigating arrival delays, highlighting the importance of Human-In-The-Loop for practical validation.

Interaction Between Age Pension Means Testing and Innovative Income Streams in Australia*

We investigate the interaction between Age Pension means testing and innovative income streams in Australia, considering the use of an investment‐linked annuity that allows a choice of drawdown level. We find that current means testing arrangements incentivise a very specific usage of investment‐linked annuities that is not materially impacted by individual characteristics or fees, due to incoherencies across the income test and assets test. We investigate alternative means test structures, including a structure that includes only an income test and incorporates capital consumption by adjusting taper rates with age according to an annuitisation schedule. This structure removes the distortions impacting annuity usage, generates the most stable Age Pension over lifetime, encourages drawdown of assets over retirement and more accurately reflects the means of retirees to generate an income at each age.

Role of Polyhouse Technology in Mitigating Climate Risks for Floriculture

Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, particularly in sectors like floriculture that rely heavily on favorable environmental conditions. In this context, polyhouse technology emerges as a promising solution for mitigating climate risks faced by floriculture farmers. Polyhouses provide a controlled environment that shields crops from extreme weather events, temperature fluctuations, and excessive rainfall, thereby reducing the vulnerability of floriculture production to climate variability. This paper reviews the role of polyhouse technology in climate risk mitigation for floriculture farmers. It examines how polyhouses help in maintaining optimal growing conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light intensity, throughout the year. By regulating these environmental factors, polyhouses enable year-round cultivation of high-value flower crops, offering farmers a stable income stream despite external climate fluctuations. Furthermore, the study explores the economic and environmental benefits associated with polyhouse-based floriculture systems. It analyses the cost-effectiveness of polyhouse construction and operation, considering factors such as energy consumption, water usage, and crop yield. Additionally, the environmental sustainability of polyhouse technology, including its potential to reduce pesticide and fertilizer usage, is discussed. The paper also highlights the challenges and limitations of adopting polyhouse technology in floriculture farming, including initial investment costs, technical expertise requirements, and market access issues. Strategies for overcoming these barriers, such as government subsidies, capacity building programs, and market linkages, are proposed. The polyhouse technology can play a climate-resilient solution for floriculture farmers, offering opportunities for increased productivity, income stability, and environmental sustainability in the face of climate change.

Trends in the retirement security of Black and Hispanic households in the US: A setback for Black Americans but continued progress for Hispanics

Retirement income security refers to the ability of households to provide an adequate stream of income during the period of their retirement from the labor force. Expected retirement income is based of four components: (i) standard non-pension wealth holdings, (ii) defined contribution (DC) pension holdings, (iii) actual or expected defined benefit (DB) pension entitlements, and (iv) actual or expected Social Security benefits. The first two components are converted into an annuity. All the data (except rates of return) for these calculations are available from the Survey of Consumer Finances. Results indicate that both Black and Hispanic households made remarkable progress in terms of mean and median retirement income, poverty reduction, and replacement rates from 1989 to 2007 in both absolute terms and relative to whites. However, for Black households, this was followed by a reversal of fortune from 2007 to 2019, with expected median retirement income declining, the projected poverty rate rising, and the projected replacement rate falling, though expected mean retirement income does rise. Hispanics also experienced a setback in mean retirement income but continued progress in replacement rates and reducing poverty from 2007 to 2019.

Trusts—A Portuguese perspective and the Madeira’s special case

Abstract The Portuguese perspective on Trusts is very much informed by the fact that it is a legal instrument with no specific regulation in Portugal since it is not legally possible to incorporate a Portuguese Trust besides the special case of Madeira in which the corresponding foreign regulating law will be chosen by the settlor (with the possibility of amending such choice at any time). These Madeira Trusts are also designed to interfere as little as possible with the Portuguese domestic legislative system, which is not designed to entail such a legal concept. However, the Portuguese domestic tax legislation is fully equipped to tax the income potentially derived from foreign Trusts, with some anti-abuse rules and aggravated tax rates potentially applicable when the Trust is domiciled at a blacklisted jurisdiction for Portuguese purposes. We will be discussing the tax treatment in Portugal of the potential income streams derived from a foreign Trust by a private individual, and at the end of the article, we include some explanatory notes on the case of Madeira’s Hybrid Trusts.