Contribution To Income Research Articles

The Role of Rural Forest Women in Increasing the Household Income

The role of women in managing natural resources is needed to help their husband to increase the economy level of the family. Besides a role to manage the household, women also have a task to get income, and it called double-role in the family. The role of women in work productively holds an effect in fulfilling household needs. This research aims to identify the productive women activities and women role against increasing of the family income in Sidodadi Village Teluk Pandan Sub District Pesawaran District in Lampung Province. The samples taken using cluster and purposive sample methods were 73 samples. Data analysis method used in this research was qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The result showed that the Sidodadi productive women activities to increase the family income were the trader, farmer, agricultural laborer and officer. Trade was a productive activity of women who have the highest income contribution. The contribution of women towards the total income of the family was low (30%), so the role of women in economic activities. Keywords: women role, productive activities, income, household

Household Income Inequality in Korea and the Role of Labour Income

이 논문은 가계금융·복지조사의 원자료를 이용하여 가계의 소득불평등에 대한 근로소득의 역할을 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이 논문에서는 가계금융·복지조사의 금융자산과 부동산에 대한 자료를 이용하여 재산소득을 보정하였다. 재산소득을 보정한 후 가계소득 불평등에 대한 소득원별 기여도를 분석한 결과 근로소득이 전체가계의 소득불평등에서 상대적으로 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났지만 가계동향조사를 이용한 기존연구에 비해 근로소득의 기여도는 상대적으로 작고 사업소득과 재산소득의 기여도는 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 재산소득의 기여도는 11-12% 정도로 가계동향조사를 이용한 기존연구에 비해 상당히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 근로소득의 기여도는 2012년 이후 증가하는 추세인데 비해 사업소득의 기여도는 감소추세인 것으로 나타났다. 한편 가계소득 불평등에 대한 각 소득원의 기여도는 소득계층에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 하위 90% 소득 집단의 경우 근로소득 불평등이 소득 불평등의 대부분을 설명하는 반면, 상위 10% 소득 집단에서는 사업소득과 재산소득이 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 상위 집단의 소득불평등에 대한 사업소득의 기여도는 감소추세이지만 재산소득의 기여도는 고소득계층 일수록 크고 증가하는 추세인 것으로 나타났다.The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the labour income in explaining the household income inequality in Korea. We use the households panel data from the Households Finance and Welfare Survey from 2012 to 2016. Before decomposing the household income inequality in accordance with the income components, we estimate the households finance and rental income using the household finance and property assets in the Households Finance and Welfare Survey in order to supplement the under-reported household property income. We show that the labour income plays the biggest role in the households income inequality in Korea. In particular, the contribution of the labour income is getting larger since 2012. The role of the second contributor, the business income, to the households income inequality is getting smaller. We also find that the property income accounts for about 11-12 percent of the household income inequality. The extent of the property income contribution is much higher than the findings from the previous researches. In particular, we show that the household income inequality is mainly associated with the labour income for the lower income group. In contrast, we find that the business and property incomes play more important role in explaining the household income inequality for the higher income group, and the role of the property income is getting more important than the role of the business income.

Economic Assessment of Dual Purpose Type of Cattle Farming in Minahasa Regency – Indonesia

The aim of this study was to analyze dual purpose type of cattle farm households’ economy in Langowan District Minahasa Regency, Indonesia. Data relies on sample survey of 100 farm households in Tumarats Village during 2017. Descriptive and quantitative analysis using a probit model was employed. Result of this study showed that Family labor absorbed by cattle farms on the first, second and third scales were 44.34, 27.46 and 16.82 man days/AU/year respectively. The contribution of cattle income on the first, second and third scales were 52.84%, 66.31% and 70.19% respectively. Value added of cattle, selling price, family labor, cattle labor and cultivated land area had significantly positive effect on households’ decision to increase cattle scale of business.

Doğrudan, Dolaylı ve Uyarılmış Ekonomik Katkılar: Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Örneği - Direct, Indirect and Induced Economic Contributions: The Case of Artvin Coruh University

The aim of this study is to designate the direct, indirect and induced economic contributions of Artvin Coruh University on the income and employment of the Artvin economy during the 2016-2017 education period. Within this scope, direct and indirect income contributions of Artvin Coruh University on the local economy were 38.863.944 TL and 58.257.830,67 TL respectively, and direct and indirect employment contributions were 718 and 526 persons respectively. Induced employment and income in the determination of contributions, marginal propensity to consume, using data for the period 1998Q1-2017Q4 for Turkey is calculated with the help of cointegration tests in the presence of structural breaks consisting of Gregory-Hansen (1996), Kejriwal- Perron (2008, 2010), Arai-Kurozumi (2007) and Kejriwal (2008). According to the results of the analysis, the university's stimulated income and employment contributions on the local economy are respectively 418.594.849 TL and 3779 persons.

Income, wealth and economic inequality in Australia

AbstractEconomic well‐being and economic inequality are usually quantified using income measurements of various sorts. Such analyses overlook the contribution of wealth – a potentially very significant factor. In this article, we integrate wealth and income data to provide a more comprehensive accounting of economic well‐being and economic inequality in Australia. Using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey microdata for 2009–2010, we present a cross‐sectional analysis of wealth‐adjusted income. We examine the relative contributions of income and wealth to wealth‐adjusted income and compare the distribution of wealth‐adjusted income to the distribution of income and the distribution of wealth. Wealth, we find, makes up between one‐fifth and two‐fifths of wealth‐adjusted income; the incorporation of wealth increases the inequality already present in the income distribution (as measured using final incomes) by about 25 per cent.

Drivers and consequences of biophysical landscape change in a peri-urban–rural interface of Guwahati, Assam

North-east India is constituted of highly diverse ecosystems with unique characteristics with high dependency on primary sector income (86% on agriculture). It is very crucial to look into the issues like agriculture, ecosystem services and sociocultural aspects of endemic population, while urban areas are expanding. This paper examines the issues pertinent to peri-urban expansion with a case study from the biggest city of the region, Guwahati. The scope for sustainable development planning in peri-urban region through analysing spatial, economic, social, institutional and environmental aspects has been incorporated in this paper. Landscape research has been enhanced with temporal and spatial analysis of land-use and land-cover change for better landscape management. Remotely sensed data are the most important data source for land-cover change trajectories over three decades at three points of time (1991, 2001 and 2011) for the selected study landscape. This research explores the temporal composition of the main land-use land-cover classes. The major changes in land-use land-cover classes observed from the study are reduction in natural land cover (from 83.57 to 61.85%) and increase in built-up area (from 0.96 to 15.39%) and agricultural (from 6.01 to 15.59%) uses. Despite the intensification of agricultural land area, there has been decrease in agricultural livelihoods and subsequent reduction in income contribution from natural resource-based livelihoods. These findings on land-use land-cover change can be inferred as the impacts of peri-urbanization leading to degradation of agricultural land, deforestation, deterioration of wetland and wild habitat destruction.

Analisis keputusan wanita bekerja dan kontribusinya pada ekonomi rumah tangga di Kota Jambi

The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-economic conditions of women, what factors influence the decisions of working women and how much the income contribution of women working towards the household economy. In determining the location of the study, this study used a "multistage sampling" method. Furthermore, proportional sampling will be applied, which is sampling in each region in proportion to the number of samples in each region. This study uses the "Binnary Logistic Regression" model, because the dependent variable is a dummy variable.
 The results of this study indicate that the average length of education of respondents 12 years, the number of dependents 4 people, 52.41 percent of respondents with perceptions of gender equality and 3.5 million/month the average income of respondents' husbands. The regression results show the variable number of dependents and gender instincts has a significant effect on the decision of married women to work. While the education level and husband's income variables did not significantly influence the decision of married women to work. And the biggest contribution is respondents who work in the private formal sector.

Does household engagement in concurrent business affect the farm size-technical efficiency relationship in grain production?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how households’ engagement in concurrent business (CB), which is measured by the contribution of off-farm income to household income, affects the farm size–technical efficiency (TE) relationship in Northern China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies a stochastic frontier analysis method to analyze data on 1,006 rural households collected from four major wheat-producing provinces in Northern China, adopting a translog specification for the underlying production function.FindingsThe analysis yields three findings. First, the farm size–TE relationship is inverted U-shaped for all CB engagement levels higher than 5 percent, and the most technically efficient farm size increases with the level of household CB engagement. Second, how TE varies with the level of CB engagement depends on farm size: an inverted-U relationship for relatively small farms (<10μ), a positive relationship for middle-size farms (10–20μ), and a negative relationship for large farms (>20μ). Finally, the overall TE score, 0.88, suggests that wheat output can be increased by 12 percent in Northern China if technical inefficiency were eliminated.Originality/valueUnlike most previous studies that examine the impacts of farm size and households’ off-farm business involvement separately, this paper examines how these two factors interact with each other.

Adolescents’ Impact on Family Economy in Sweden: During the First Decades of the Twentieth Century

Adolescents’ income contributions to working-class families decreased between the 1910s and the 1930s in Sweden. This was significant for adolescents’ right to self-determination. By using household budget surveys, this article shows that at the time of the Great Depression, working adolescents paid less at home than had been common at the beginning of the twentieth century. Youth unemployment is one explanation, although it was also a consequence of children keeping more of their earnings for themselves. This development led to rising costs for having children and is interpreted as an aspect of the trade-off between quantity and quality of children.

PERANAN ISTRI NELAYAN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI DESA BABULU LAUT KECAMATAN BABULU KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA

The purpose of this research was determined the role of fisherman’s wife based on productive activity and contribution to increase family fisherman’s family income, the income different of fisherman’s family which the fisherman’s wife involved or not on productive activity and identified the factor that motivate the wife involve in productive activities. The research was conducted since February until September 2017 in Babulu Laut Village, Babulu Subdistrict, Penajam Paser utara. the Sampling method was stratified random sampling to 30 respondents. The data was applied by analysed by various methods that are descriptives analysis, calculation of average income and multiple linier regression. The result was obtained the role of fishermen's wife on productive activity were fish crackers and salt fish production, seashell collectors, seller of basicneeds of ice, clothes and fried food, village office employee and teacher. The income contribution of fishermen's wife in family income was Rp. 39.211.472 per month (39.2%), that are smaller than husband's income Rp. 60.805.667 per month (60.8%). The income contribution of fisherman’s wife who is warking on productive activities were Rp.6.667.809 per month, bigger than the family income with wife not warking or productive activite, that are Rp. 4.892.983 per month. The factors that are age, education level, numbers of family member, Husband's income and bussiness’s vision not influenced significantly, both parsially or simultaneously.

Dampak Perkembangan Sumber Keuangan Nagari Terhadap Inovasi Program Dan Kegiatan Pembangunan Nagari Di Kabupaten Solok Selatan Tahun 2013-2016

This study aims to determine the development of Nagari financial resources, know the development of innovations in Nagari development programs and activities, and find out the impact of the development of nagari financial resources on the innovation of nagari development programs and activities before and after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages in South Solok Regency. The research method used is qualitative with interview and documentation data collection techniques. Descriptive analysis research type. The findings of this study are: 1) Nagari financial resources have increased by more than 100% in 2015 and 2016 as a result of the implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, but the nagari financial independence is very low, because of the small contribution of native nagari income, 2) shopping Nagari for development is still dominated for physical development, and is still lacking for empowerment activities. 3) the improvement of nagari financial resources has not had a significant impact on program planning innovations and nagari development activitie

The Resource Curse Hypothesis: Dynamic Heterogeneous Approach

ABSTRACTNatural resources influence economic performance through many different mechanisms, both beneficial and harmful. Some of these mechanisms tend to set in fast while others are rather slow. This suggests that pooling the long- and short-run effect as typical in the resource empirical literature may lead to incorrect inferences. This article provides an evaluation of the income contribution of natural resources using a panel cointegration approach that allows for short-run dynamic heterogeneity while imposing the restriction of long-run homogeneity. It finds, in a sample of developing countries over the period 1990–2012, that natural resources are a curse in the long run. The evidence is robust to alternative dynamic specifications, different measures and types of natural resource wealth, and controlling for regional effects.

CONSTRUCTING ECOTOURISM-BASED BUSINESS COMPETENCY AND ENTREPRENEURAL SPIRIT

Ecotourism is a part of a tourism development as a catalisator of the economy in rural areas in Bali, Indonesia. It is established in rural areas as an effort to improve the quality of life and social identity and to give employment opportunities, income, education and skills, cultural understanding, and to bring the development of entrepreneurial spirit and community welfare. The contribution of income from ecotourism ranges from 15 to 57%, with an average of 12.6% per year. As the title implied, this explorative study with a semantic analysis is done to construct ecotourism-based business competencies and entrepreneural spirit. Primary and secondary data analysis are used through survey and interview. Ecotourism-based business competence can be formed by the community behavior in protecting the natural resources, such as forest as water buffer, entrepreneurship development. The formation of internal competence through the perspective, experience, education, learning by 80% and very dominant influence external competence in the group that can produce human capital. The proportion of internal competence attached to individuals has a very high strength compared to external competencies in ecotourism support services. Internal competence and external competence as the basis of business competence is crucial to the development and sustainability of ecotourism as the basis for developing tourist village. Building an understanding of business competence and entrepreneurial spirit in the development of tourist villages such as ecotourism is expected to have a positive impact to improve the welfare of rural communities

Stress, domination and basic income: considering a citizens’ entitlement response to a public health crisis

In 2015/16, stress was found psychologically to be responsible for 37% of all work-related illnesses and 45% of all working days lost due to illness in Great Britain. Stress has also been linked to long-term chronic health conditions—including heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, arthritis and depression—responsible for 70% of NHS England spend, 50% of GP appointments, 64% of outpatient appointments and 70% of inpatient bed days. It is apparent that medical responses to stress-related illness contribute to the NHS funding crisis without resolving underlying causes. It is necessary to address the social bases of this public health issue. We argue that one of the primary causes of stress stems from a basic assumption of modern economics: that hierarchies are essential to organizational success. We argue that the combination of hierarchy and possibility of destitution inflicts domination on individuals. We then consider the potential contribution of universal basic income (UBI) to dealing causally with this public health problem. This marks a new development in both the public health and UBI literature studies. We conclude that future trials and studies of UBI ought to measure physiological effects on stress as part of a holistic evaluation of the policy.

Intensity of Multilingual Language Use Predicts Cognitive Performance in Some Multilingual Older Adults.

Cognitive advantages for bilinguals have inconsistently been observed in different populations, with different operationalisations of bilingualism, cognitive performance, and the process by which language control transfers to cognitive control. This calls for studies investigating which aspects of multilingualism drive a cognitive advantage, in which populations and under which conditions. This study reports on two cognitive tasks coupled with an extensive background questionnaire on health, wellbeing, personality, language knowledge and language use, administered to 387 older adults in the northern Netherlands, a small but highly multilingual area. Using linear mixed effects regression modeling, we find that when different languages are used frequently in different contexts, enhanced attentional control is observed. Subsequently, a PLS regression model targeting also other influential factors yielded a two-component solution whereby only more sensitive measures of language proficiency and language usage in different social contexts were predictive of cognitive performance above and beyond the contribution of age, gender, income and education. We discuss these findings in light of previous studies that try to uncover more about the nature of bilingualism and the cognitive processes that may drive an advantage. With an unusually large sample size our study advocates for a move away from dichotomous, knowledge-based operationalisations of multilingualism and offers new insights for future studies at the individual level.

LABOR EMPLOYMENT AND UBIKAYU HEALTH REVENUE (Manihot esculenta Crantz) ON HOUSEHOLD FARMS REVENUE

Increased cassava demand was not followed by an increase in farmer income. To cover the expenditures of households, farmers work in non-agricultural activities. The objective of this research is to analyze the level of household income and contribution of cassava farming to the total income of farm household. The research was conducted in Purabaya Village, Purabaya sub-district, Sukabumi district, conducted from April until June 2013. The location was chosen purposively by Simple Random Sampling of 36 farmers sample. Conclusion The average household income of peani is Rp. 5,721,639 per year or Rp. 476,800 per month. Cassava business income contribution of 59 percent, from non-cassava farming by 9 percent and outside farming ie trade and services 32 percent of total household income Rp 40,553,344, -

ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI GENDER DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KUCAI SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN

The purpose of this study was to describe the participation of women farmers in the formation of Kampung Kucai through Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), as well as identifying gender roles and assessing the extent of women's contribution to household income through home gardening optimization for farming activities in Kampung Kucai. the location of the research is purposive in Kampung Kucai, Dusun Kranggan, Pojok Village, Blitar Regency. The study was conducted from March to April 2018. The sampling method used in this study was snowball sampling. The number of respondents in the study were 20 respondents, both husband and wife who were actively involved in Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) in Kampung Kucai. In addition there are 5 Key Informants. Data analysis used descriptive analysis using qualitative and quantitative approach. Based on the data analysis it can be seen that the participation of women in the formation of the village of kucai in the form of cultivation of kucai, promoting, until the sustainable management. The identification of gender roles in the management of cucumber farming in the yard is analyzed by differentiating roles / activities, differences of control (power) and access (opportunities), and benefits between men and women. Then for the time allocation of men in the role of production shows greater than women. Men allocate production roles for 10 hours / day or 66.7%. While women allocate production role for 5 hours / day or 33,3%. So that each contribution in household net income each month is Rp. 460,230, - for men and Rp. 229.770, - for women. While the allocation of female reproductive role is bigger than men with value respectively 50% and 14,5%.

ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI GENDER DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KUCAI SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN

The purpose of this study was to describe the participation of women farmers in the formation of Kampung Kucai through Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), as well as identifying gender roles and assessing the extent of women's contribution to household income through home gardening optimization for farming activities in Kampung Kucai. the location of the research is purposive in Kampung Kucai, Dusun Kranggan, Pojok Village, Blitar Regency. The study was conducted from March to April 2018. The sampling method used in this study was snowball sampling. The number of respondents in the study were 20 respondents, both husband and wife who were actively involved in Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) in Kampung Kucai. In addition there are 5 Key Informants. Data analysis used descriptive analysis using qualitative and quantitative approach. Based on the data analysis it can be seen that the participation of women in the formation of the village of kucai in the form of cultivation of kucai, promoting, until the sustainable management. The identification of gender roles in the management of cucumber farming in the yard is analyzed by differentiating roles / activities, differences of control (power) and access (opportunities), and benefits between men and women. Then for the time allocation of men in the role of production shows greater than women. Men allocate production roles for 10 hours / day or 66.7%. While women allocate production role for 5 hours / day or 33,3%. So that each contribution in household net income each month is Rp. 460,230, - for men and Rp. 229.770, - for women. While the allocation of female reproductive role is bigger than men with value respectively 50% and 14,5%.

Development Impacts of Remittances in Agricultural Households: Fiji Experience

This paper provides the contribution of remittance income for agriculture and rural development in Fiji at the micro-level analysis using the most recent household survey data available. On the contrary to general belief that remittances are mostly used for food consumption amongst households in the Pacific islands, the empirical results show that remittances have alternative uses by the households in Fiji. In particular, it sheds light on remittances as a driver for pro-poor agricultural production and diversification.

GENDER ROLES IN OPTIMISATION OF HOUSE-YARD LAND TO IMPROVE HOUSEHOLD INCOME (Case Study of Kampung Kucai in Kranggan Hamlet, Pojok Village, Blitar Regency)

This research aims to describe women farmer ’s participation in the establishment of Kampung Kucai (Chives Hamlet) through Women Farmers Group, to identify existing gender roles, and to review to what extent do women contribute to household income by means of house-yard land optimisation for farming practice. Study area was determined purposively in Kampung Kucai, Kranggan Hamlet, Pojok Village, Blitar Regency. This research was conducted between March and April 2018. Snowball sampling was used as sampling method. There were 20 respondents interviewed, both husbands and wives actively involved in Women Farmers Group, and 5 key informants. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis with qualitative and quantitative approaches. It was found that women ’s participation in the Kampung Kucai ’s establishment made up from chives cultivation, promotional activities, and managing sustainably. Gender roles in the house-yard land chives farming management were identified according to role/activity, control, access, and benefit disparities between men and women. Men were found to have allocated more time on productive role compared to their women counterparts. Men allocated 10 hours per day or 66,7 % worth productive role where women allocated 5 hours per day or 33,3 %. Therefore, each contributions to household income per month were Rp. 460.230,- and Rp. 229.770,- respectively, whereas women allocated more reproductive role than their men counterparts at 50 % rate compared to 14,5 %. Keywords: Gender Roles, Women Farmer, Workloads, Income Contribution. Received: 26 February, 2017; Accepter: 15 March, 2017