Income Generated Research Articles

Economic Contribution of Backyard Piggery in the Livelihood Security of Tribal Families of Assam

The present study has been carried out to assess the economic contribution of backyard piggery in the livelihood security of tribal families of Assam, India. Observation and personal interaction were done to collect the data from in 10 selected villages of two districts namely; Dhemaji district (North Bank Plain Zone) and Karbi Anglong distrcit (Hill Zone). Study revealed that the mean scores of the income generated by the respondents from backyard piggery came from two different agro climatic locales i.e. plain and hilly zones showed significant difference. The average annual income generated from backyard pig farming inclusive of family labour was calculated as ₹. 9,715 and the average household income was ₹. 69,397 in a year. The average annual income generation from backyard pig farming was calculated as ₹. 31,992 and average annual household income was ₹. 69,397 when family labour was not included in a year. The contribution of backyard pig farming to the total annual income was 13.99 per cent including family labour and 46.09 per cent while excluding family labour. Independent variables like; age, education, family size, land holding, experience in pig rearing, size of pig stock, mass media exposure, extension agency contact, innovation proneness and risk orientation were found to have positive and significant relationship with income generation from backyard piggery farming..

Cost of milk production of beneficiary farmers of organized dairy (cooperative and private) in Lucknow region of Uttar Pradesh

Indian dairy industry emerged as an important sector for income and employment generation, and is contributing as well in the country’s economy besides improving the health standards. The output from dairy sector has increased at more than 4.0 % per annum since 2010-11. The changing economic scenario an entrepreneur has to be very alert and should always keep an eye on the cost and returns of the scarce resources of an entrepreneur in order to keep himself profitable. Dairying in our country dominated by the small holders. Now the producers are scaling up their capacity by incorporating newer technology. One hundred and sixty milk pourer farmers were selected randomly using probability proportional to size (PPS) from the list of producers who were supplying milk to organized dairy (cooperative or private) purely and exclusively from eight village level milk chilling units of Lucknow and Hardoi district purposively selected from Lucknow region. Average variable cost varies from 88.72 small, 88.95 medium, and 92.38 large farmers and rest 11.28, 11.05 and 7.62 were the fixed cost for small medium and large category farmers respectively. The cost of milk production was higher for Rs 18.02, Rs 16.30 and Rs 15.85 per liter for small medium and large farmers respectively. The average milk selling price was found to be almost at par for small Rs 27.77, Rs. 27.31 and Rs. 27.11 for small, medium and large category farmers. Whereas, the average income generated by investing one rupee was found lowest for small Rs. 1.56 followed by medium Rs.1.71 and large Rs. 1.75 farmers respectively. However, the farmers have generated average annual income of Rs 70334.21, Rs. 128671.1 and Rs.230510.8 by small medium and large category farmers respectively.

The Role of Household Social Organization in the Structure of Rural Economies: Comparing Forest Resource Dependent and Agriculturally Dependent Regions in Russia

AbstractSociologists have examined how structural economic change affects household social organization and generation of household income from different sources. The introduction of elements of a market economy into rural Russia in the early 1990s provides a unique opportunity to examine these relationships. Much of the work on this topic, however, has been conducted in black earth zone, agriculturally dependent regions. Less attention has been given to non‐black‐earth zone, forest resource dependent regions. This article addresses this limitation by comparing the relationships between household income generation strategies and household social organization in a 2009 survey of villages in three forest resource dependent regions in northwest Russia with findings from a 2006 survey of households in nine agricultural regions of Russia. Income generated from enterprises based on household social organization—household labor and social helping networks—is substantially greater in agriculturally dependent than in forest resource dependent regions. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding intranational regional differences in the relationship between economic systems, household social organization, and rural household economies as well as the obstacles facing policymakers and environmentalists who attempt to shift household income generation strategies away from an environmentally harmful lumber industry to income generation activities that are less harmful to the environment.

Ecotourism, Income Generation and Poverty Reduction: A Case of Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP), Pahang, Malaysia

Ecotourism is one strategy for supporting conservation, generating income, and creating employment for communities living around protected areas. In Malaysia, the management of national parks (protected areas) focuses on the planning and implementation of various activities which contribute to the long-term conservation of the areas while mitigating or reducing conflicts between human and the environment. The issue is whether ecotourism development helps to improve income and reduce rural poverty. A case study was conducted in 2014 where 158 Malay households from Kampung Kuala Tahan were interviewed. Villagers engaged in economic activities related to ecotourism development in Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP) area (2,477 sq. km) directly and indirectly. The result shows the average monthly household income of this village was RM4, 035. On the whole, about 90% of the average monthly household income was cash income while 10% income in kind. The income sources of villagers were from those within the state land forest areas (related to NTFP harvesting), and outside KTNP (related to forestry and ecotourism). Income generated outside KTNP(related to forestry and ecotourism) area was significantly high compared to those within state land forest and outside KTNP (non-forestry). On average, about RM1, 895 or 47% of the average monthly household income was generated from the ecotourism related activities and forest area. The highest percentage of cash income was from villagers’ engagement as tour guides. Income generated from this source accounted for 13% of household income. Ecotourism related retail stores or restaurant operators also significantly contributed to the average monthly household income at 10%. The incidence of poverty among the households in the village was 4% in 2014 compared to 3.4% among rural Malaysian households in 2012. The findings in this study showed that the income received from forestry related activities and ecotourism is important in reducing poverty among local households.

Banking Innovations and New Income Streams: Impact on Banks' Performance

Banks in India have focused on non-interest income streams to complement their income from traditional interest earning activities for some years now. This move to innovation adoption and new income streams has been more pronounced for new private and foreign banks, while there appears to have been certain hesitation on the part of public sector and old private banks. This article studies the impact of the move to new income streams and the consequent rising diversification on performance (as measured by profitability and stability of income) for Indian banks. A comparative analysis of income generated from these income streams for different bank groups in India shows that new private banks and foreign banks in India have been more successful than public sector banks in generating a greater proportion of their income from non-interest and fee-based sources. However, this increasing diversification cannot be linked to better risk-adjusted performance in the Indian context. Using multiple regression analysis, the impact of diversification and increasing share of fee-based income on profitability and risk-adjusted profitability is questioned for all banks in India over the period 2005–2012. The article finds that the rising share of fee-based income and non-interest income in total income and diversification has a positive impact on profitability, but the impact on risk-adjusted performance and hence stability is not statistically significant. While the results show a positive impact of diversification on profitability, the article underlines that the impact direction of diversification measures may be negative, which is in agreement to what many studies have shown in the US, European, Australian and Indian contexts. This article considers the impact of diversification in non-interest income separately from diversification in total income. This diversification score helps to know if the banks are generating their non-interest income from only fee income or only their own investments or have they diversified the non-interest income generation by focusing on both. Importantly, there is a positive impact of increasing share of ‘fee income’ in both total income and non-interest income on profitability as well as risk-adjusted measures. The results underscore that while public sector banks need to generate more income from fee-based activities, it would be imperative to choose sources of fee-based income that remain stable and have a positive impact on risk-adjusted measures.

How Can Social Safeguards of REDD+ Function Effectively Conserve Forests and Improve Local Livelihoods? A Case from Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia

The National REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation-Plus) Strategy in Indonesia highlights the importance of local participation and the reform of land tenure in the success of forest conservation. National parks are a main target area for REDD+. National parks in Indonesia have been suffering from forest destruction and conflicts between governments and local communities. This study investigated: (1) the historical process of developing the REDD+ project in collaboration with multiple stakeholders including government authorities, local NGOs, and local people; (2) the social and economic impacts of the REDD+ project on local people; and (3) the local awareness of and motivations to participate in the REDD+ project in Meru Betiri National Park in Indonesia. Interviews of stakeholders including village leaders, NGO staff, and park staff were conducted to obtain an overview of the REDD+ project in the national park. Interviews with a questionnaire were also conducted among randomly selected heads of households who participated or did not participate in the REDD+ project and lived adjacent to the national park. Our analysis revealed that participants in the project obtained the right to use illegally harvested bared lands for intercropping while planting trees to recover forest ecosystems inside the national park. This opportunity could have contributed to a drastic increase in income, particularly for economically disadvantaged people, and to the recovery of forest ecosystems. Although local people did not fully recognize the meaning of REDD+ or carbon credits, they were enthusiastic to join in managing and patrolling forests because of their satisfaction with the income generated by the national park. However, the challenge is how both the recovery of forests and income generation from the project can be maintained in a situation of insufficient funding from donors and unsettled arguments about the benefit of sharing carbon credits with local people.

Oilseed production and sustainable development in northern Brazil: impact on farm income and food security

Biofuel production has been a greatly discussed topic in Brazil. In 2004, these debates lead the country to develop new policies and to implement a national program for biodiesel use and production (PNPB) with the intent to increase the share of renewable energy and foster regional development. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the impact of small-scale oilseed production on income generation, as well as on food production. For this purpose, a cross sectional study was conducted with family farmers in the state of Tocantins, in a transition area between the Savannah and the Amazon rain forest. Ranges of socio-economic indicators were collected among smallholders who cultivate Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis. The preliminary results point towards a negative relationship between oilseed activity and local food production, harming the local food security. In addition, the farm income generated by the oilseed activity is lower than conventional crops, such as maize and cassava, for instance. This research is unprecedented in the region and the results can be extremely valuable in supporting regional and national policies on clean energy; helping Brazil to achieve the regional sustainable development.

Beekeeping Practice and Forest Conservation in Gwer-West Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

The research was conducted in Gwer West Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria as to ascertain the number of beekeepers in the area, identify the beekeeping methods used, the quantity of honey produced, the income generated, bee plants in the area, conservation methods used, and the challenges faced by beekeepers in the study area. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were used to administer one hundred (100) copies of questionnaire in the study area as follows: 20 in Tsambe/Mbesev, 20 in Tyouhatiee/Injah, 15 in Gbaange/Tongov, 10 in Tijime, 12 in Avihijime, 15 in Nyamshii, and 8 in Meeikyeh respectively. The results showed that beekeepers exist in the study area with majority of them falling between the ages of 20 and 40 years and they use traditional methods of beekeeping. The study also revealed that the main reason for keeping bees in the study area was for income generation while the major challenge of beekeeping in the study area was pests. Majority (78%) of the beekeepers produce about 40 litres of honey while a few (18%) produce above 80 litres of honey annually generating between ₦28, 000.00 and ₦100, 000.00 (about 160 - 500USD) annually per beekeeper. The major bee plants in the study area were Daniellia oliveri, Citrus sinensis, and Mangifera indica while the major conservation methods used include deliberate retention of bee plants on farmlands, planting of bee plants in home gardens, fire tracing among others. It was recommended that training on modern beekeeping methods should be carried out in the study area to improve beekeeping practice in the study area.

Measuring Returns from Improved Rice, Maize and Wheat Research in Nepal

Studies on returns to research have been established in different countries to justify research funding and allocation of research priorities. However in Nepal, there are no scientific studies carried out recently on return to research investment in major crops and commodities, despite priority given in agricultural sector. This paper has summarized the research investment with respect to major cereals viz; rice, maize, and wheat and income generated by the impact of improved varieties of these crops in Nepal. Internal rate of return for major cereal crops (rice, maize, and wheat) was estimated using time series data of 1995 to 2005. The findings revealed that there is a negative annual growth rate (-0.59%) of NARC budget during 1998-2004. There was a food deficit during mid nineties, however, in the late nineties while despite tremendous curtailing of budget for research, a surplus of food grain was observed. Although the situation of positive food grain balance is not the result of current year's efforts on research it could be the impacts of years of efforts that were in a continuous pace in the past for agriculture R&D coupled with the impacts of extension related activities in the country. Food surplus is mainly contributed by the efforts of massive release of improved varieties of crops by NARC during late nineties. The internal rate of return (IRR) of these cereals for a decade (1995-2004) was in the range of 84-105%, which is around Rs 235673 millions of income generation while investment for their research was Rs 559 millions (0.24% of their revenue). This indicates that there is gross under funding on research for major crops, despite their significant contribution in national economy, food security, and livelihood improvement in Nepal. Finally paper suggests for increased investment in agricultural research for meeting increasing needs of food, income, and employment of growing population as well as enhancing and sustaining future agricultural R&D in the country.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 103-112DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11602

Dye Plants: Potential Value of NTFP to Textile Industry in Ogun State, Nigeria

The study examined dye plants as Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) and its contribution to the sustenance of textile industry in Ogun State. Stratified random sampling was used for the study. Ogun State was divided into four strata namely Egba, Yewa, Ijebu and Remo along ecological characteristics. From each stratum, two plant materials of food value were randomly selected among common food plants in Ogun state. The selected plants were cola species (nuts), ginger (roots), tobacco (flower), sorghum (stem/sheath leaves), maize (flowering top), Mango (leaves/bark) and Guava (leaves). Alum was however used as mordant with wood ash. The dye was extracted by boiling plant materials and mordant in water for 20 minutes. The dye result produced different colours – Cola accuminata gave red/wine; Cola nitida – bright red; Zingiber officinale – bright yellow or orange; Nicotiana tabacum – yellowish green; Sorghum bicolor – wine red; Zea mays – bright yellow; Mangifera indica – yellow and Psidium guajara – brown. The impart of the dye on substrate showed good result in terms of radiant colours, good penetrating ability and poor fading on washing and exposure to sunlight. The potential of the NTFP was revealed through income generated from collection of the plant and processing of the dye for textile industry. Budgetary analysis revealed that 1kg of plant material could produce 10litres of dye with a net profit of N600. Consequently, it is recommended that appropriate conservation measures must be put in place through policy formulation for dye plants, while adequate fiscal measures would encourage collection and processing for income and employment generation.

Effects of Riverbed Extraction on Ground Water Resources in the Vicinity of Tinau River, Rupandehi

CORRECTION: The correct PDF for this article was loaded on 22/04/2013.The study was carried out in the vicinity of the Tinau river, Rupandehi, Nepal from July 2011 to June 2012. Ten number of shallow tube wells (STWs) of depths 5.18 m to 7.62 m, four shallow tube wells (STWs) of depths 28.96 m to 36.58 m. from Amawa and Farsatikar Village Development Committees and one dug well (DW) from Butwal Municipality were selected for the purpose of this study. The depth of the STWs was different but many STWs were of 6.09 m deep. The DW was of 18.29 m. The information was collected from the owners during field visit of the sites. A standard questionnaire was prepared and asked to the affected persons. The site observation was done in the dry season as well as in the rainy seasons. It was found that the extraction of riverbed materials from the river channel and the flood plain area has adversely affected the aquatic environment of the Tinau river. Massive extraction of the riverbed materials from this river started after the enforcement of local governance act, and regulation 1999. The income generated from the riverbed materials is quite enough. This is one of the major sources of income generation of DDC Rupandehi and the VDCs attached to this river (from Butwal to Bethari). The depth of the river increased due to extraction activities as a result groundwater table lowered. The STWs having depth of 5.18 to 7.62 m stopped discharging water from the aquifer in the dry season. Similarly DW of Butwal municipality having depth of 18.29 m stopped discharging water at dry season. But the STWs of depths from 28.96 m to 36.58 m. located at the same area/site were not affected by the extraction in the Tinau river. The people, who are residing on the bank of the river Tinau, suffered from drinking water problem because they are using the water from STWs. The effect is directly facing the people of low and medium level having low income generation. The extraction activity is going on and the deficit of water availability in STWs and DW is common in the vicinity of the Tinau river especially in the upstream (from Butwal to Paschim Amawa), whereas there is less effects of riverbed extraction for STWs of depths more than 27.43 m in the same sites. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 133-140 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7726

Развитие науки и техники как фактор, способствующий изменениям в современных правовых системах

Abstract: This article emphasises that scientific discoveries, developments and the creation of new computer programs have become driving forces in the shaping of modern procedural and substantive law . Current trends in the development of nanotechnology and its influence on the nature of exclusive rights are considered . The application and improvement of information tech-nology is presented as a tool to change the rules of procedural law, the work of state bodies and the judicial system in particular .Keywords: nanotechnology, intellectual property, government policy, protec-tion, new idea, legal activities, technology, comparative legal . S cientific discoveries, developments in different spheres of society and the state and the creation of new computer pro-grams are the driving factors that have influenced the de-velopment of existing procedural and substantive legislation and that have spurred the introduction of new concepts, procedures and directions of legal activity . Nanotechnology and the nano industry, for example, is currently one of the most promising fields in science, technology and industry . New technologies and innovative and cur-rent trends in the development of this sphere have affected the na-ture of exclusive rights .Taking into account the governmental policies of the Russian Federation in the sphere of nano industry, including issues regarding the financing of specific developments in this area and the generation and distribution of potential income generated as a result of the introduction

Sericulture For Sustainable Environment and Income Generation: The Case of the CHED-DMMMSU Sericulture Project

Abstract - This paper analyzed the role of sericulture as a tool for the socio-economic benefit of clients in the rural areas as well as its potential role for climate change adaptation as a result of the implementation of the CHED funded project entitled, Silk Technology Promotion and Commercialization: CHED-DMMMSU Strategy for Employment Generation of DMMMSU Graduates and Others as Agribusiness Entrepreneurs and in Support to RA 9242. The study was conducted in Bacnotan, Balaoan and San Gabriel, La Union. Descriptive analysis was used. Data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Findings showed that most of the respondents were males, 33-59 years old, married with household size of 6, college graduate, main source of income is farming, owned and rented farms of less than a hectare to two hectares, and with the lands now planted with mulberry as previously unutilized and/or underutilized with some portions planted with camote, peanut, banana, rice or vegetables. Sericulture provided labor opportunities within the household for five to 75 years old. Labor generation for children of five to 24 years old is 41.18% while in support to Gender and Development, 30.77% of project cooperators are female, 38.1% of family members helping for silkworm rearing are female children while 30.3% are female adults, 33-53 years old. Income on cocoon production excluding other sericulture by products, amounting to P78,091 was generated by the farmer-sericulturist in 2009 with their income up to P12,390 and 117 ROI. In 2010, total income generated was P67,228 with highest income of P12,124. As of January 2011, the project produced a total of ( 1,038.05 (kg) ) fresh cocoons valued at P145,327, 105.46 kg raw silk yarn valued at P263,650 and ( 1,025.5(m) ) 100% silk fabric valued at P717,850. For environmental sustainability and natural resource management supportive to the Millennium Development Goals and on thrust on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, and RA 9729 (Phil. Climate Change Act), 3.3 hectares of unutilized and underutilized lands were made productive by planting mulberry trees. The total fresh biomass production of mulberry in the different project sites is ( 130,767.7 (kg) (about 28.57 tons/ha/yr). The 44,050 mulberry trees planted in the different areas has a total carbon dioxide sequestration of ( 172,977.5 (kg/yr) ) at a rate of 12,666kg/ha/yr (just one area with less than a year) to ( 53,998.65 (kg/ha/yr) ) in all other mulberry production areas. No occurrence of soil erosion was observed in all areas. Employing various strategies, the project was able to demonstrate the viability of sericulture for commercial cocoon production to 13 sericulture farmers surpassing its target by 30% integrating the conduct of research and extension and institutionalizing continuing support for the sericulture R & D/E activities. Sericulture is a good tool for climate change adaptation and mitigation manifested by its high rate of CO2 sequestration, prevention of erosion, use of marginal lands coupled with its income and labor generation potentials in almost all age levels. Thus, promotion of sericulture should be supported. Keywords - sericulture, climate change adaptation, income generation

A agroindústria rural como geradora de renda: perscrutando fatores intervenientes

The generation of employment and income is recurring objective of development strategies. The basic strategy for this, in rural areas, used by institutional programs to stimulate rural development, is to enter rural agro-industries (RAs) in the market. However, different types of ARs exist in reality. This study aims to test a set of variables that theoretically influence the placement of RAs in the market to identify those related to the increase in income on the property. It also aims to verify whether the increase in farm income generated by the agriculture industry, is perceived differently by RAs managers, depending on the type of RA considered. It is used as theoretical basis, the New Institutional Economics and Economic Sociology. T he sample was comprised of 40 RAs of two micro-geographical analysis of the state of Santa Catarina. and data were collected through structured interviews, and operationalized by means of statistical correlation. To assess whether the different types of RAs perceive differently, the importance of the increased income, is used to linear regression as operational model. The results show that the process of agro-industrialization is effective in increasing farmers' income, being, however, perceived differently by different types of RAs.

Advanced endoscopy procedures in private practice: is the juice worth the squeeze?

Advanced endoscopy procedures in private practice: is the juice worth the squeeze?

Taxation of Softwares in India: A Direct Tax Perspective

The Information Technology Sector is probably the most booming sector in the world at present. This revolution in the market is attributable to a great extent to the increasing use of computer driven softwares and other innovations in the field of intellectual property. This massive progression however, has created a myriad of complexities as far as taxation is concerned. How to tax incomes from softwares and their use has become a topic of debate both in direct as well as indirect taxes are concerned. The debate in indirect taxes is whether software is to be treated as goods or as services. The debate as regards direct taxes is a very interesting one, bordering around the concept of whether income generated from softwares is from the transfer of a “copyrighted right” or the transfer of a “copyrighted article”. The former case would mean that the income is arising out of “royalties” and the latter would entail income generation from “business and profession.” The position of law as regards the same is not a settled one whether in India or internationally. The situation is further complicated when cross border software supply takes place and the various Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements come into picture. An attempt has been made in this paper to elucidate the exact legal position of software taxation while discussing its applicability under both heads of income in different situations through the application of various case laws on the subject.

The clinical and financial burden of emergency readmissions following elective endoscopy in a teaching hospital practice

IntroductionEndoscopy is a profitable day case service for most trusts through it's income generation potential from PBR. Although on the whole, endoscopy is safe, it does potentially carry small but...

The Panama trust in international tax planning

The Panama trust in international tax planning

Influência das características socioeconômicas de agricultores familiares na adoção de sistemas agroflorestais

Agroforestry systems (AFSs) have emerged as an alternative to the slash and burn agriculture practiced in the Amazon region. This study therefore aims to analyze the influence of the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers on the adoption of agroforestry systems. The study was carried out in Braganca (01 o 03 '15''S and 46 o 46' 10 W), in the Brazilian State of Para. Data was collected by way of structured interviews and direct observation, both of which are Rapid Rural Evaluation tools. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear correlation. Fifty-three smallholders with AFSs were identified in 19 rural communities. The socioeconomic characteristics identified in this study, such as the origin of the farmers, social organization, age, level of education, land tenure, and lot- and AFS-size, as well as labor force and income generation, influenced the adoption of commercial agroforestry systems in Braganca. The family is the most common source of labor in family production units. The man carries out the main productive activities related to commercial AFSs, and is responsible for the adoption of these systems. The AFSs, in general, are important for the economy of small farmers in Braganca. However, public policies are needed for these systems to become socioeconomically sustainable, including: expanding the areas of commercial AFSs; ensuring efficient technical assistance is provided for farmers; adapting the products to the consumer market, enabling farmers to manage agroforestry systems, increasing the income generated by these systems; and finally empowering the farmers to establish funding projects.

Dairy goat husbandry amongst the household agriculture: herd and economic indexes from a case study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Two dairy goat systems conducted according to the household model were evaluated in terms of income generation. An enterprise budget analysis was performed using data collected from August, 2004, to July, 2005. Farms named A and B were smallholdings and raised Saanem goats intensively. Herd indexes, incomes, taxes, fuel, energy, concentrates, opportunity costs and interest in capital were computed. Net present value and internal rate of return were estimated to appreciate the business appeal in terms of income generation. Herd indexes were mostly affected by management decisions interfering on the amounts and time-trends related to milk production. Seasonal variation was reduced at unit B due to heat induction, a decision not shared by farmer A. The daily body weight gain of doelings after weaning (89 and 76 g/d for A and B) was low if compared to current recommendations. Average records of lactation (441 and 606 L/doe) and fertility (86.95% and 85.71%) were amongst the literature range. Daily tasks related to unit B consumed 5 hours and 55 minutes for an average milk production of 40.9 L/d, whereas 8 hours and 16 minutes on average were daily spent at unit A in order to produce 32.2 L/d. Unit B presented a total production cost (R$ 0.79548/L) lower than unit A (R$ 1.50239/L), but operated profitably. Unit A presented a positive gross margin (R$ 0.284/L), but operated unprofitably. The income generated on B was equivalent to a monthly salary of R$ 732.96 (US$ 278.52), a competitive income compared to the Brazilian minimum wage of R$ 300.00 (US$ 114.00) paid monthly. These results corroborate the hypothesis that the dairy goat husbandry fits adequately to the household production model and generates income competitively.