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Abstract
Two dairy goat systems conducted according to the household model were evaluated in terms of income generation. An enterprise budget analysis was performed using data collected from August, 2004, to July, 2005. Farms named A and B were smallholdings and raised Saanem goats intensively. Herd indexes, incomes, taxes, fuel, energy, concentrates, opportunity costs and interest in capital were computed. Net present value and internal rate of return were estimated to appreciate the business appeal in terms of income generation. Herd indexes were mostly affected by management decisions interfering on the amounts and time-trends related to milk production. Seasonal variation was reduced at unit B due to heat induction, a decision not shared by farmer A. The daily body weight gain of doelings after weaning (89 and 76 g/d for A and B) was low if compared to current recommendations. Average records of lactation (441 and 606 L/doe) and fertility (86.95% and 85.71%) were amongst the literature range. Daily tasks related to unit B consumed 5 hours and 55 minutes for an average milk production of 40.9 L/d, whereas 8 hours and 16 minutes on average were daily spent at unit A in order to produce 32.2 L/d. Unit B presented a total production cost (R$ 0.79548/L) lower than unit A (R$ 1.50239/L), but operated profitably. Unit A presented a positive gross margin (R$ 0.284/L), but operated unprofitably. The income generated on B was equivalent to a monthly salary of R$ 732.96 (US$ 278.52), a competitive income compared to the Brazilian minimum wage of R$ 300.00 (US$ 114.00) paid monthly. These results corroborate the hypothesis that the dairy goat husbandry fits adequately to the household production model and generates income competitively.
Highlights
The average area of rural properties in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) reduced considerably from 120 to 45 ha between the 20’s and the 90’s (IBGE, 1976; CIDE, 1998)
When an economical analysis of household enterprises is in course with the objective to characterise the business appeal, the family labour opportunity cost should be considered (MorandFehr and Boyazoglu, 1999; Abramovay, 2000; Morand-Fehr et al, 2004)
The enterprise budget analysis is an important tool for evaluating such characteristics and demands a detailed survey about the available farm production factors as well as how they are used
Summary
The average area of rural properties in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) reduced considerably from 120 to 45 ha between the 20’s and the 90’s (IBGE, 1976; CIDE, 1998). Such size reduction compromises the succession of household productive units because land accessibility is the main reason for family agribusiness extinction (Abramovay, 2000; Zaibet et al, 2004). Modern household agriculture can be characterised by partial commercialization of products and additional income obtained with non-farm activities (Zaibet et al, 2004). The target activity developed at a determined region should be adequately represented, and farms that gather attributes concerning technical and economical efficiency should be chosen as a reference to the farm technological profile, the farmer goals, and reflect the technological and productive levels tangible for the majority of shepherds (Gomes et al, 1995)
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