Gender Inclusion Research Articles

Her influence: The constructive roles of women in the lives of Moses and Boaz

This article critiques the constructive roles of women in the lives of Moses and Boaz applying feminist biblical criticism as a theory. By critiquing the significant yet often downplayed contributions of women such as Jochebed, Miriam, Ruth and Naomi, the aim is to provide a more inclusive and multifaceted understanding of their roles in different biblical texts. In the process, feminist biblical criticism, as a theory, unmasks the pervasive influence of sexism in both the biblical texts and their interpretive traditions, contesting traditional readings that subjugate women’s voices and agency. Ultimately, this article makes two notable findings. Firstly, the central role of Jochebed and Miriam in ensuring Moses’ survival and rise to leadership underscores how their actions were fundamental to the unfolding of Israel’s history. Secondly, the proactive agency of Ruth and Naomi demonstrated through their strategic decisions and mutual support, facilitated social and familial redemption and thereby transformed Boaz’s life and legacy. These notable findings underline the indispensable contributions of women in the two biblical figures and call for a (re)consideration of their roles in biblical history and contemporary contexts. Inevitably, I conclude that by reclaiming the voices and experiences of women, this article advocates for a more unprejudiced (re)interpretation of sacred canon, promoting gender justice and inclusivity in contemporary religious and cultural practices.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Examining the constructive roles of women challenges male-orientated interpretations in theology and intersects with literary, historical, sociological, gender and cultural discourses, advancing inclusive and non-partisan understandings of biblical texts.

Assessment of Gender Inclusion in Credit Utilization among Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Assessment of Gender Inclusion in Credit Utilization among Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Counting women: Indicator culture and gender inclusion in sports leadership

Counting women: Indicator culture and gender inclusion in sports leadership

Identification of metabolic syndrome using lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index based on NHANES data from 2005 to 2018

BackgroundNumerous studies indicate that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. This study aims to assess the distinguishing value of novel obesity markers, specifically lipid accumulation products (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI), in relation to MetS. Considering the gender disparity in MetS prevalence, it is essential to explore whether LAP and CMI exhibit differential distinguishing capabilities by gender.MethodThe investigation included a total of 11,687 qualified individuals who participated in the NHANES survey spanning a 14-year period from 2005 to 2018. Biochemical analysis of blood and body measurements were utilized to determine LAP and CMI values for each participant. Inclusion of gender as a variable was a key factor in the examination of all data. Restricted cube plots (RCS) were utilized to analyze the strength of the relationship between LAP, CMI, and MetS. The study delved into potential connections between LAP and CMI with MetS, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using various statistical models such as multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression.ResultsThe findings revealed a significant nonlinear association between CMI, LAP, and MetS (P-non-linear < 0.001), irrespective of gender, with all models exhibiting a J-shaped trend. The multivariable logistic regression analysis considered both LAP and CMI as continuous variables or tertiles, revealing significant associations with MetS in male, female, and general populations (All the P < 0.001). Although males displayed a higher risk of MetS, no gender differences were observed in the area under the curve (AUC) values of LAP and CMI for distinguishing (P > 0.005) MetS. Impressively, LAP and CMI were identified as the primary predictors of MetS in both genders from AUC (P < 0.005). More specifically, the cutoff points for distinguishing MetS in females were LAP = 49.87 or CMI = 0.56, while for males, they were LAP = 52.76 or CMI = 0.70. Additionally, the Cox regression analysis revealed that LAP and CMI were correlated with all-cause mortality in both general population and females (P < 0.005), but not in males.ConclusionIn comparison to other measures of obesity, LAP and CMI demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for MetS in both males and females. Additionally, LAP and CMI were found to be predictive of all-cause mortality in both general population and females. These markers are cost-effective, easily accessible, and widely applicable for the early identification and screening of MetS in clinical settings.

Advancing Gender Inclusion in Forest Governance in Selected Communities; Kori Chiefdom, Southern Sierra Leone

In Sierra Leone, existing cultural norms are believed to limit gender mainstreaming in sustainable forest management. This study investigated women’s involvement in decision making regarding forest governance and management in five communities within Kori Chiefdom Southern Sierra Leone. Respondents were selected using both probability and non-probability sampling methods. Stratified sampling was used to classify key respondents into youth and adults (male and female, based on age classes and gender. Consequently, due to the small populations of selected communities (Kawella, Lagor Kawema, Nyamawabu, Kangahun and Foya), purposive sampling was used to select 100.0% of male and female youth (ages 18 to 35), and adults (age 36 and above). Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedule. Data from respondents was analysed using descriptive analysis and presented in tables and charts. The 2010 Sierra Leone National Forest Policy was analysed using content analysis. Findings revealed that 100.0% of youth, men and women sampled, confirmed that women attend forest-user group meetings and were actively involved in decision making concerning forest governance. Likewise, majority of men sampled (above 56.2%) opined that the chiefs took final decision over forests use in their respective communities. Furthermore, most of the youth (above 50.0%) in each community and men (above 87.5%), with the exception of those in Foya, (25.0% in Kangahun), revealed that women held positions in forest-user groups. Similar proportions of youth and men also confirmed that women actively engage in implementing decisions made regarding forest governance. All, (100%) of women attested that there was no existing gender marginalization in forest governance within the communities sampled. Finally, content analysis of the 2010 Sierra Leone National Forest Policy revealed that there aren’t any women specific - provisions or roles assigned to or reserved for women in any part of the policy document. In conclusion, in spite of the absence policy provisions to promote mainstreaming women’s involvement in forest governance, this research confirmed that women are not hindered from participating in forest decision making and governance in the study areas. It is therefore recommended that women should be given more encouragement to participate in forest decision making and assigned more leadership roles in forest governance.

Empowering Saudi women in STEM: Assessing readiness and aspirations at prince Mohammed bin Fahd university (PMU)

Enrolling Saudi female students in STEM fields offers career opportunities and fosters societal development and innovation. This research underscores the intersection of gender inclusivity, STEM education, and societal advancement. It provides a platform for female students to share experiences and contribute to the dialogue on empowering women in STEM, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030's goals. Analyzing data from a precalculus course, a prerequisite for advanced mathematics and core classes, and a survey distributed to students provided valuable insights into students' readiness, competence, interests, perceptions, and motivations.

An evidence-based review of the pre-requisite interventions for women's inclusion in the blue economy in the global south: A case study of India

The blue economy (BE) is a new frontier that could promote ocean sustainability and equity in the access and utilization of ocean resources. This is more relevant amongst ocean-dependent communities in the global south, such as in India. However, despite increasing evidence of the potential of the BE in promoting women’s inclusion, systemic barriers are still prevalent. Current interventions to bridge gaps concerning gender equity and women's inclusion in the BE are largely fragmented and less comprehensive. This undermines avenues geared towards reactivating gender inclusion and women’s empowerment (WE). Further negative ramifications might emerge, including a limited understanding of evidence-based and context-specific solutions for WE in the BE, ocean sustainability challenges, and the effectiveness of current solutions for coastal women's inclusion. Here, we draw together diverse perspectives systematically extracted from the literature on WE in the BE and develop a ‘strategic sustainable transformational pathway.’ The proposed pathway is grounded on transformative WE perspectives, experiences, and knowledge from India and the global south. The pathway highlights that addressing gender inequality and the core needs of women in the BE requires phased assessments. This can help inform transformative actions for WE. Phased assessments should be based on inclusive stakeholder participation in co-designing, co-monitoring, and continuous evaluation of the efficacy of specific BE interventions. Such actions can contribute to marine social science research that is largely less explored. Future studies can explore the applicability of the pathway by using myriad transdisciplinary approaches centered on participatory co-design and co-inclusion. In India, this can begin with the re-defining of BE in the context of WE. This can help generate micro-level narratives of coastal women on how to promote equity, and WE in the BE, across geographies.

Maternal and newborn health prioritization in Yobe State, Nigeria: analysis of stakeholders' perspective.

Maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in conflict-affected northeastern areas of Nigeria, such as Yobe State, are disproportionately higher than those in the rest of the country. There is limited evidence on the factors that influence maternal and newborn health (MNH) policymaking and implementation in this region, particularly with respect to the impact of conflict and context-specific issues. This study explores the political, economic and health system factors that drive the prioritization of MNH policies in Yobe State. The aim of this study was to elucidate the conflict-related factors influencing MNH outcomes, which could inform targeted interventions to improve MNH. The study is a descriptive case study that relies on multiple data sources and is guided by the Health Policy Analysis Triangle. We reviewed national and subnational research, technical reports and policies related to reproductive health and the MNH in Nigeria since 2010. Following stakeholder mapping, we identified and invited prospective participants in the MNH policymaking space. Nineteen stakeholders from the government, civil society and nongovernmental organizations, donor agencies, and public and private sector health providers in Yobe State participated in the semistructured in-depth interviews. Data were collected from November 2022 through January 2023 and were thematically analysed via Dedoose software. MNH services in Yobe State have received considerable attention through initiatives such as the National Midwifery Service Scheme, free MNH services, training of midwives with deployment to rural areas, and health facility renovations. The effective implementation of MNH services and policies faces challenges due to insufficient funding, and sustainability is hampered by changes in governance and political transitions. The Boko Haram insurgency exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in Yobe State and disrupted MNH services due to the displacement of populations and the decline in the number of health workers. Additionally, sociocultural and religious beliefs hinder timely access to and utilization of MNH services. Although policies and guidelines for MNH services exist in the state, they are inadequately disseminated to health providers, which affects their effective implementation across facilities. Collaboration and intersectoral coordination platforms exist, but competition and rivalries among unions, political entities, and implementing agencies sometimes impede progress. Enhancing MNH services in Yobe state requires increased commitment for funding through the Northeast Development Commission rehabilitation fund; strengthening the health workforce, safety and retention plan; promoting gender inclusivity within the health sector; and addressing sociocultural barriers to women's health-seeking behaviors. Concrete, time-bound plans for policy dissemination are necessary to ensure effective service implementation.

Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Women's leadership in Islamic educational institutions is the primary focus of this research. This study aims to delve into the contributions, challenges, and policy implications of women's leadership in the context of Islamic education. Employing a qualitative approach and literature review method, this research analyzes various theories and related studies to compile a comprehensive overview of this issue. The findings indicate that women's leadership significantly contributes to the development of Islamic education, both academically and morally. However, challenges such as gender stereotypes, lack of institutional support, and societal perceptions remain obstacles that need to be overcome. A deep discussion on the factors influencing the success or failure of women in leadership positions provides insights into strategies that can be implemented to strengthen women's roles in Islamic educational institutions. Recommendations for educational institutions, governments, and society include enhancing inclusive leadership development programs, implementing gender equality policies, and educating the public about the importance of gender inclusion in education. The implications of this research for Islamic education policies and practices highlight the need for transformation to create a more representative and inclusive learning environment. Thus, this research has the potential to provide guidance for policymakers to enhance women's participation in Islamic educational leadership more broadly.

Bridging the gender, climate, and health gap: the road to COP29.

Focusing specifically on the gender-climate-health nexus, this Personal View builds on existing feminist works and analyses to discuss why intersectional approaches to climate policy and inclusive representation in climate decision making are crucial for achieving just and equitable solutions to address the impacts of climate change on human health and societies. This Personal View highlights how women, girls, and gender-diverse people often face disproportionate climate-related health impacts, particularly those who experience compounding and overlapping vulnerabilities due to current and former systems of oppression. We summarise the insufficient meaningful inclusion of gender, health, and their intersection in international climate governance. Despite the tendency to conflate gender equality with number-based representation, climate governance under the UNFCCC (1995-2023) remains dominated by men, with several countries projected to take over a decade to achieve gender parity in their Party delegations. Advancing gender-responsiveness in climate policy and implementation and promoting equitable participation in climate governance will not only improve the inclusivity and effectiveness of national strategies, but will also build more resilient, equitable, and healthier societies.

Gender and Development Programs in an Educational Institution: Views of Stakeholders

This phenomenological study understands the views of stakeholders in educational institutions regarding the implementation of the Gender and Development (GAD) program. Using a qualitative approach, six teachers from two public schools in Davao City were interviewed. Participants, selected through purposive sampling, had over five years of teaching experience and were not directly involved in the GAD program. Thematic analysis revealed several key findings. Despite efforts to promote gender equality, stakeholders noted significant challenges in the program's execution, particularly a lack of clarity in its implementation and communication. Teachers expressed concerns over insufficient training and resources, which hindered their ability to fully integrate GAD principles into their classrooms. While the commitment to addressing gender inequality was evident, the study highlighted a need for better coordination and more structured guidance from the program's focal persons. This study emphasises the necessity of enhancing the GAD program to ensure that its objectives align with practical, actionable outcomes within the educational system. By improving the implementation process and providing more precise direction, educational institutions can better contribute to gender inclusivity and equality. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how GAD programs are viewed at the school level and offer an understanding of improving gender-related policies in educational settings.

Linguistic inclusivity in the context of the Ecuadorian national version of the Spanish language

The object of this study is linguistic inclusivity in the Ecuadorian national version of the Spanish language. The subject of the study is the language practices used in the Republic of Ecuador, aimed at creating a greater level of gender inclusivity. The paper examines the influence of a number of sociolinguistic factors on language policy, as well as methods of adapting the local national version of the Spanish language, taking into account the requirements of different social groups. Special attention is paid to the study of existing forms of gender-inclusive language, such as the use of neutral endings and neologisms, as well as their perception and dissemination by the local population. In order to achieve the highest possible level of objectivity, a sociological survey was conducted within the framework of the study, which made it possible to identify differences between men and women in understanding and using an inclusive language. The following research methods were used: a sociological survey, the purpose of which was to collect data on the perception of gender inclusivity in the language among different groups of the Ecuadorian population; quantitative and qualitative methods that made it possible to interpret respondents' opinions about the importance and prevalence of inclusive language in the daily life of Ecuadorians. The results of the study clearly demonstrate the importance of the dissemination of gender-inclusive language in Ecuador due to its role in the process of achieving social equality. The novelty of the work is the sociolinguistic analysis of linguistic inclusivity in Ecuadorian Spanish. The conducted survey of the local population of the Republic showed significant differences in attitudes towards inclusive language between men and women. This fact indicates that the policy of establishing maximum inclusivity in society at the moment has not led to the complete elimination of gender inequality. Thus, the need to continue work on the introduction of gender-neutral forms in the educational environment and everyday communication is emphasized, which will contribute not only to the establishment of gender equality, but also to strengthening social solidarity in Ecuadorian society.

Leaving No One Behind: Examining the effect of financial, gender, and digital inclusion on sustainable development

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of different dimensions of inclusion toward the attainment of sustainable development in 33 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries from the financial, gender, and technological perspectives between 2004 and 2021. This study employs the System Generalized Method of Moments given its ability to address potential endogeneity issues, capture the dynamic nature of relationships, and mitigate potential biases while adopting the Driscoll–Kraay standard errors for robustness check. Findings reveal two of the three measures of financial inclusion wield positive and significant effects on sustainable development while credit to the private sector is found to be detrimental. Also, all three measures of gender inclusion (female employment to population, female labor force participation rate, and the number of women holding a seat in parliament) positively influence sustainable development. Contrastingly, the coefficients of digital inclusion (mobile phone subscription and internet usage) were revealed to be harmful to sustainable development in SSA. This paper advocates for increased financial inclusion through financial literacy, customized financial products, and gender‐sensitive financial services. Pertinent are gender policies that address gender norms in addition to the enactment, avowed commitment, and support for affirmative action toward closing gender gaps across all sectors and at all levels.

Analyzing the Long-Term Effects of Eliminating School Fees on Access to and Quality of Education in Uganda, Considering the Policy's Implications for Gender Parity and Inclusive Education

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the long-term effects of eliminating school fees on access to and quality of education in Uganda, considering the policy's implications for gender parity and inclusive education. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The elimination of school fees in Uganda under the Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy has significantly increased access to education, particularly for children from low-income families and marginalized communities, as seen in the surge in enrollment rates. However, this increase in access has not been matched by improvements in educational quality, with overcrowded classrooms, underqualified teachers, and inadequate resources affecting learning outcomes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Human capital theory, capability approach &amp; social justice theory may be used to anchor future studies on the analyzing the long-term effects of eliminating school fees on access to and quality of education in Uganda, considering the policy's implications for gender parity and inclusive education. Special focus should be on training teachers in inclusive education to better support children with disabilities and gender-sensitive teaching methods that encourage the retention of girls in school. Policies should ensure free provision of essential materials, especially for the most vulnerable populations.

“Be better. Do better.” Experiencing middle school as a gender-fluid pansexual student with a disability

Students with disabilities who identify as LGBTQ+ often experience obstacles at school that can have a profound adverse impact on their social and emotional well-being. This exploratory ethnographic study used thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews to understand how middle school LGBTQ+ (in this case, gender-fluid pansexual) students with disabilities feel about peers, teachers, and school. Furthermore, this study used self-portraits as artifacts in the vein of portraiture to examine how participants viewed themselves as students at school. Participants’ perceptions of disability, gender, and sexual identity were examined. This study expands on existing intersectional research of LGBTQ+ youth with disabilities by providing qualitative insight from middle school students. Data analysis yielded three common themes of student experiences: Gender and sexuality acceptance and inclusivity, the risk of “coming out” as disabled, and the adverse impact of school on mental health and self-expression. Findings emphasize the importance of making schools safe, anti-ableist, LGBTQ+ affirming, and inclusive of diverse populations and forms of expression.

Exploring female entrepreneurship experience of Ireland’s business ecosystem: implications for business support

PurposeThis paper investigates the motivations and challenges of women entrepreneurs in Ireland, assessing the role of policies and Enterprise Ireland (EI) support for women-led companies and high potential start-ups (HPSUs). It employs the gendered theory of entrepreneurship and opportunity recognition theory to analyse the enablers and obstacles to women’s entrepreneurship, particularly in the context of EI’s support, aiming to suggest improvements.Design/methodology/approachGrounded in a feminist epistemology and employing a mixed-methods approach, a targeted survey explores motivations, barriers and supports the needs of female entrepreneurs in Ireland, offering a comprehensive gender perspective evaluation for policy enhancement.FindingsFindings note a shift in Irish women’s entrepreneurship motivations and outlines major hurdles like limited funding and work–life balance issues. It recommends policy enhancements in data collection, website usability, financial guidance and childcare support.Practical implicationsThis paper aims to highlight the impact of gender-specific factors on entrepreneurship, the study highlights the importance of ongoing data collection and gender comparative analyses. It advocates for women mentoring networks and improved financial support to build a more inclusive entrepreneurial environment in Ireland, with potential global implications.Originality/valueThis study is unique for its in-depth exploration into Irish female entrepreneurship challenges, this study proposes actionable strategies with local and global relevance. Advocating for caregiving support integration and women’s increased involvement in tech, it offers a blueprint for fostering female entrepreneurship. It contributes to global discussions on creating supportive, equitable entrepreneurial ecosystems, serving as a valuable resource for advancing gender inclusivity and equity in entrepreneurship worldwide. It identifies scope for integration of a feminist epistemology in policy development.

Analyzing the existing programs on promoting women scientists in chemistry

Abstract Gender imbalance in science has been well documented. Possible explanations include a lack of systematic strategies or policies to support women in science in general and chemistry in particular. This article aims to analyze selected programs that advocate gender equity and inclusion in chemistry. Forty-eight initiatives were selected via several steps of screening. Following a pilot study using systematic review as a research method, the named initiatives were analyzed considering their strategies, goals, and impact. The findings reveal that acknowledging women scientists and providing funding to enable and sustain networking (such as through conferences) are crucial for women scientists to become visible and recognized in academia. In this paper, we offer recommendations for other entities who would like to develop initiatives to encourage suitable environments for gender equity.

Diverse perspectives on entrepreneurship: Analyzing gender and age-related differences in perceptions

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth, innovation, and social development, yet perceptions of entrepreneurship can vary significantly across different demographic groups. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing effective education and support systems. This study investigates the differences in perceptions of entrepreneurship among various gender and age groups, focusing on aspects such as career opportunities, financial readiness, the attractiveness of entrepreneurial ventures, skill requirements, economic impact, educational effectiveness, and gender-specific views on entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative research design, the study analyzed data collected from 300 entrepreneurs in Greater Noida through a structured questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA were employed to identify significant differences in perceptions across genders and age groups. The findings reveal notable differences in perceptions related to the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education and the role of women in entrepreneurship. Specifically, females demonstrated greater confidence in the ability of the education system to prepare individuals for entrepreneurial careers than males did. Additionally, significant differences in perceptions of entrepreneurial opportunities and support were observed between different age groups. These results highlight the need for tailored education programs and support systems that address the unique needs of diverse demographic segments. The study underscores the importance of promoting gender diversity and inclusivity in entrepreneurship to foster a more dynamic and innovative entrepreneurial ecosystem. By addressing the specific challenges and opportunities identified, policymakers and educators can develop more effective and inclusive strategies to support aspiring entrepreneurs. Future research should further explore the sociocultural and institutional factors influencing entrepreneurial perceptions to enhance the overall effectiveness of entrepreneurship initiatives.

Integrating gender-inclusive initiatives in medical school in Rwanda: Faculty and student experiences at the University of Global Health Equity

Purpose Significant gender disparities exist in the medical field. Medical schools play an important role in promoting gender inclusion, which can lead to increased gender equity in clinical settings. This study explores participants’ experiences and gender perspectives at the University of Global Health Equity (UGHE) in Rwanda, which is prioritizing gender inclusion across several initiatives. Materials and methods This is a qualitative study with a feminist social constructivist approach. Participants included faculty and students in UGHE’s School of Medicine. Participants were selected via random stratified sampling by their role and sex. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted, six with faculty and six with students. The data was analyzed via coding and narrative analysis. Results Participants described their experiences at UGHE, including strengths, weaknesses, shifts in their own gender perspectives, and recommendations for the future. Three overarching themes included the role of affirmative action, integrating gender-based training and curriculum, and strengthening institutional policies to promote inclusion. Conclusion Medical schools play a key role in promoting gender equity and catalyzing a shift in gender perspective. Internal systems and policies impact gender inclusion. Medical schools should consider ways to build capacity for both its faculty and students in gender-related topics.

Gender and Sexuality Awareness in Medical Education and Practice: Mixed Methods Study.

The integration of gender and sexuality awareness in health care is increasingly recognized as vital for patient outcomes. Despite this, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on the current state of physicians' training and perceptions in these areas, leading to a gap in targeted educational interventions and optimal health care delivery. The study's aim was to explore the experiences and perceptions of attending and resident physicians regarding the inclusion of gender and sexuality content in medical school curricula and professional practice in Israel. This cross-sectional survey targeted a diverse group of physicians across various specializations and experience levels. Distributed through Israeli Medical Associations and professional networks, it included sections on experiences with gender and sexuality content, perceptions of knowledge, the impact of medical school curricula on professional capabilities, and views on integrating gender medicine in medical education. Descriptive and correlational analyses, along with gender-based and medical status-based comparisons, were used, complemented, and enhanced by qualitative analysis of participants' replies. The survey, encompassing 189 respondents, revealed low-to-moderate exposure to gender and sexuality content in medical school curricula, with a similar perception of preparedness. A need for more comprehensive training was widely recognized. The majority valued training in these areas for enhancing professional capabilities, identifying 10 essential gender-related knowledge areas. The preference for integrating gender medicine throughout medical education was significant. Gender-based analysis indicated variations in exposure and perceptions. The study highlights a crucial need for the inclusion of gender and sexuality awareness in medical education and practice. It suggests the necessity for curriculum development, targeted training programs, policy advocacy, mentorship initiatives, and research to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. The findings serve as a foundation for future directions in medical education, aiming for a more inclusive, aware, and prepared medical workforce.