Improvement Of Ecological Environment Research Articles

Effects of population spatial redistribution on vegetation greenness: A case study of Chongqing, China

With the continuous increase in urbanization and non-farm wages, many rural labor forces have transferred to urban areas, significantly changing the population distribution and affecting vegetation restoration and ecological environment improvement. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation in Chongqing from 2000 to 2018 based on the MODIS EVI dataset, and 862 samples were randomly selected to quantitatively analyze the contribution degree of population emigration to vegetation greenness by using the multivariate linear regression model under the conditions of controlling climate, topography, and policy factors. The results showed that the vegetation in Chongqing presented a significant improvement trend. Human activities played a dominant role in the vegetation restoration in Chongqing from 2000 to 2018. The contribution of population spatial redistribution to vegetation changes was 62.47%, and the contributions gradually decreased with increasing elevation, which were 73.90%, 45.02%, and 17.87% in the low, medium, and high altitude areas, respectively. Furthermore, the Grain-for-Green program significantly affected vegetation variation, and the project had the greatest ecological benefits in medium-altitude areas.

Consideration of river governance based on the concept of urban spatial resilience

The reasonable scale of urban river ecological space and the connectivity of bank and slope water and soil exchange are the basic conditions to keep the flow of matter, energy and species in water unimpeded, as well as the way out for the dilemma of urban river ecological governance. The concept of resilience in spatial planning is used to break the artificial partition between river land space and water space, explore the compound function of urban space, and realize the way of integration and synergism of land and water space.The research shows that scientific overall planning and rational utilization of urban space is the basis of realizing land function combination and solving urban river governance predicament. Urban spatial planning and layout should highlight the backbone role of river-dominated urban eco-environment texture, restore the function of river network ecological corridor, build the integration of public open space and river space, optimize the use of land resources for achieving functional compounding; Meanwhile, expand the three-dimensional space of the river, increase the spatial diversity, improve the openness of the waterfront space for achieving functional balance through collaboration. To break the artificial boundaries of waters and land areas and form the integration of land and water area, the water environment management of river spatial design needs to focus on key elements such as the urban river network plane shape, the spatial layout of river sections, the ecological treatment and reconstruction of bank protection, and the temporal and spatial evolution of rivers. Application of multi-natural river ecological restoration, near-natural river construction, semi-natural ecological flood control and other technologies can achieve the ecological treatment effect of bank protection and improve the ecological permeability of bank slope. By opening up the river space, it provides a limited dynamic change space for the river bed and a space that evolves with time, which is conducive to exerting the function of ecological corridor of urban river system and driving the improvement and promotion of ecological environment in urban areas.

Hydrodynamic zones and the influence of microorganisms on nitrogen transformation in the diverging area of branched rivers

Diverging area is widespread in river networks, and understanding its biogeochemical process characteristics is of great significance to river ecological restoration and environmental quality improvement. Microbial communities affected by hydrodynamics play an important role in biogeochemical processes, but their relationship in diverging area is little known. Here, the composition of microbial community and its feedback to hydrodynamics and nitrogen conversion in the diverging area of river networks were first studied by coupling ecological theory, biogeochemical theory, microbial DNA sequencing and mathematical model of water environment. The results showed that there were five hydrodynamic zones with significant velocity differences in the diverging area, namely low velocity zone, maximum velocity zone, stagnant zone, separation zone, and deflection zone. According to the flow velocity grouping, there were significant differences in the microbial diversity and abundance among low velocity group, maximum velocity group and stagnant group had significant differences (p < 0.05, stress = 0.1207). In the low velocity group, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum which had a highest abundance and may promot the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen. In the maximum velocity group, Bdellovibrionota was the dominant phylum which had a highest abundance and may promot the conversion of nitrate and nitric oxide to nitrogen. In the stagnant zone, Methylomirabilota was the dominant phylum which had a highest abundance and may promot the conversion of nitrogen into nitrate and ammonium. In addition, dissolved oxygen was the most sensitive environmental factor for shaping microorganisms and nitrogen conversion in the diverging area of the river networks by canonical correlation analysis. The denitrifying bacteria Rhodocyclaceae, was shown to negatively correlated with the flow velocity. This research improves the scientific basis for the study of the ecosystem in river networks, which will guide the construction of river ecological projects.

Examining the complex relationships between socioeconomic development and the improvement of ecological environment in post-disaster reconstruction: The case of Wenchuan earthquake disaster area in Western China

The ecological environment damage caused by human activities will aggravate the damage of natural disasters and seriously restrict the socioeconomic sustainable development. Therefore, it is a key issue to coordinate the coupling relationship between socioeconomic development (SE) and ecological environment (EE) to reduce the damage of natural disasters to human activities and guarantee the socioeconomic sustainable development after natural disasters. It is an important issue to explore the relationship between economy and environment in post-disaster reconstruction areas and how to coordinate the areas with slower economic development and higher risk of ecological destruction. Based on this, an index system of ecological environment and socioeconomic development was constructed by using the data in the statistical yearbook from 2005 to 2018. The dynamic deviation maximization (DM) method and coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) were used to study the coordination relationship between socioeconomic and ecological environment in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area. The results showed that the coupling coordination degree (CCD) presented an upward trend in the period of post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, and the CCD is highly related to the regional topography, city location, urban comprehensive economic level, and urban ecological endowment. The results indicated that the CCD shows a downward trend from provincial capitals to surrounding cities on the basis of the perspective of urban spatial distribution characteristics. On the basis of the research, this paper analyzes the reasons for the differences in CCD scores of different cities and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions, which including speeding up industrial transformation, increasing government investment, and strengthening transportation infrastructure construction. By analyzing the CCD between SE and EE in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, this paper aims to provide reference for achieving regional sustainable development goals (SDGs) in post-disaster reconstruction, as well as hope to provide an experience reference for post-disaster reconstruction in other disaster areas.

СУСПІЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ НАСЕЛЕННЯ МІСТА ЧЕРНІГОВА ЩОДО ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ЗМІН МІСЬКОГО ПРОСТОРУ

Sustainable development has become a new worldview concept for all countries of the world, which are making the transition to finding an optimal balance between economic, environmental and social components. It is focused on people, improvement of socio-economic and ecological environment. The participation of citizens and in particular every person in ensuring sustainable development is an integral part of life on the planet, as the intellectual level, ecological behavior of the population and knowledge of the main problems help to solve them. In this study, we present the results of a survey of the population of one of the largest cities in the north of Ukraine. Chernihiv is an administrative, industrial and cultural center, an important transport hub. As part of the sociological study and comparison of environmental behavior of the population, a survey was conducted among the residents of Chernihiv in 2018 and 2021. It is established that more and more people are interested in the ecology of the city and are gradually introducing ecoattributive practices into their everyday life. The main measures used by the citizens of the city to preserve the environment are energy saving, use of public and bicycle transport, economical consumption of natural resources. Residents of Chernihiv and the authorities understand the need to build a waste processing plant. Garbage sorting is supported by the majority of the population, but there is a certain lack of awareness among people, as well as a lack of proper equipment. The article identified environmental problems that Chernihiv residents consider to be the most serious. They include the organization of waste management, air pollution, drinking water quality. The second stage of the research showed that more people are ready to take concrete actions to improve the state of the city and the environment in order to live in a comfortable space. An important role in solving problems depends on environmental education and environmental education of citizens.

Research on the Impact Evaluation of Digital Finance on the Synergy between Economic Development and Ecological Environment.

Following rapid growth, China's economy is entering a period of high-quality economic growth. High-quality economic development has a profound impact on China's current economic development. It can be said that the improvement of economic quality is an inevitable choice for China's new stage of economic development. From this point of view, promoting high-quality economic development has become an important practical issue in my country's current economic and social development. As the integration and innovation of digital technology and taxation, the blessing of digital technology maximizes integration and precision, which can effectively meet the needs of higher stages of economic development. Perfect and inclusive development has become an important support for sustainable and healthy economic development. At present, behind the rapid economic growth, human economic activities have led to the emergence of an ecological and environmental crisis. The growth mode characterized by high input, high consumption support, and high emissions has resulted in insufficient supply of regional ecological and environmental resources, pollution, and damage to the ecological environment and also intensified. Therefore, this paper first examines the concept of digital finance and its enlightenment to economic development, and believes that digital finance has a good role in promoting economic development. Second, an evaluation model for the relationship between environmental environment and economic development is established, and an evaluation index system is obtained. Finally, through the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of economic development and ecological environment, it is concluded that in the era of digital finance, the level of regional economic development has been greatly improved, and my country's regional economic development has been greatly improved, which is significantly faster than my country's ecological environment improvement level.

Spatiotemporal analysis and prediction of water quality in the Han River by an integrated nonparametric diagnosis approach

The causes of water environmental degradation in river influenced by intensified human activities are very complex. As an important water source of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, the water security of Han River and its related water quality have become a national concern. Here, we conducted spatiotemporal analysis and prediction of the water quality in the middle-lower reaches of the Han River by utilizing an integrated nonparametric diagnosis approach. System models including a Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), Mann–Kendall (MK), Redundancy Analysis (RDA), Coefficient of Divergence (CDiv) and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. Results from February to April of 2004–2018 indicated that, the average concentration of total phosphorus (TP) at the Zongguan Station was 0.107 ± 0.012 mg/L, while the total nitrogen (TN) was 1.945 ± 0.116 mg/L. The STL and MK analysis showed no significant trend for TP but an upward tendency for TN at the Zongguan station. The variation of TP and TN concentration in 2008 was mainly related to the most serious algal bloom event, while the tipping points in 2014 and 2016 were attributed to the abundant precipitation. Significant spatial distribution were obtained based on the CDiv and RDA methods; four categories were clustered and water quality was deteriorated gradually from upstream to downstream. The future prediction of monthly averaged TN concentrations during the period of 2019–2025 exceeded the limit of the environmental water quality standard (GB 3838–2002) (Class III, TN = 1.0 mg/L), leading to potential water quality risk in the Han River during 2019–2025 under strong effect of human activity. Under the worsening trends for the concentrations of TN and TP, the local departments should strictly control the amount of sewage and wastewater discharged from various industries, especially for phosphate fertilizer and rock enterprises, agriculture and aquaculture. This study expected to provide technical means for the follow-up pollution control and is useful for the sustainable improvement of river ecological environment.

A Multi-Criteria Evaluation of the Urban Ecological Environment in Shanghai Based on Remote Sensing

The urban ecological environment is related to human health and is one of the most concerned issues nowadays. Hence, it is essential to detect and then evaluate the urban ecological environment. However, the conventional manual detection methods have many limitations, such as the high cost of labor, time, and capital. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the urban ecological environment more conveniently and reasonably, thus this paper proposed an ecological environment evaluation method based on remote sensing and a projection pursuit model. Firstly, a series of criteria for the urban ecological environment in Shanghai City are obtained through remote sensing technology. Then, the ecological environment is comprehensively evaluated using the projection pursuit model. Lastly, the ecological environment changes of Shanghai City are analyzed. The results show that the average remote sensing ecological index of Shanghai in 2020 increased obviously compared with that in 2016. In addition, Jinshan District, Songjiang District, and Qingpu District have higher ecological environment quality, while Hongkou District, Jingan District, and Huangpu District have lower ecological environment quality. In addition, the ecological environment of all districts has a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. These findings suggest that the ecological environment of Shanghai has improved overall in the past five years. In addition, Hongkou District, Jingan District, and Huangpu District should put more effort into improving the ecological environment in future, and the improvement of ecological environment should consider the impact of surrounding districts. Moreover, the proposed weight setting method is more reasonable, and the proposed evaluation method is convenient and practical.

Long-term ecological effects of two artificial forests on soil properties and quality in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Afforestation is an essential process of ecological restoration, landscape reconstruction, and environmental improvement. While large-scale plantations have restored the fragile ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, they have also changed local soil characteristics. A 30-year-old typical planted forest on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected to determine the long-term ecological effects of artificial forests on the soil in this study. Physicochemical soil characteristics at varying soil depths and relative soil parameters, such as element stoichiometry and growing stock, were quantified on the different plantations. This soil quality information was used to construct an MDS-SQI Model. Our findings revealed that soil TN, TK, TP, and AP content was higher than pre-afforestation baseline values, while SOC and pH values were lower. Amounts of soil nutrients SOC, TN, TP, TK, AP, and AK, were positively correlated in the artificial forests. The ratio of soil C/N was higher and ratios C/P and N/P were lower in poplar than the Chinese pine plantation. The soil quality index values calculated from the MDS model were 0.31 and 0.40 for poplar and Chinese pine plantations in the top 30 cm and 0.55 and 0.46 in the 100 cm depth, respectively, which indicated that the two plantations had low-quality soil. LiDAR satellite imagery was used to estimate a growing stock of 7723 m3 and 435 m3 in the poplar and Chinese pine plantations. The results suggest that the artificial forest improves soil properties overall but that different stand forests have discrete effects on the soil environment.

An empirical analysis on spatial effects of environmental protection

ObjectivesThe main objective is to provide policy recommendations on the enhancement of ecological environmental protection. MethodsCombined with spatial correlation analysis and spatial dynamic panel models, this paper estimates the spatial effect of the local government’s environmental protection expenditure on the improvement of the ecological environment based on China’s 30 provinces as samples from 2007 to 2017. ResultsWe find a significant impact of the environmental protection expenditure of the local government on the ecological environment improvement of neighbouring regions rather than the local region. It reveals a “free-riding” phenomenon in environmental governance. In addition, increasing the levels of economic development, urbanization, environmental regulations and industrial structure in the local region can effectively mitigate environmental pollution in the local region on one hand and contribute to the deterioration of the ecological environment in neighbouring regions on the other. ConclusionsThe present study suggests that environmental regulations can significantly improve the local environment. The local governments at all levels must reinforce the supervision of the ecological protection areas to ensure the implementation of environmental regulations.

Study on the Improvement of Ecological Environment in the Space of Shanghai Primary and Secondary Schools by Rain Gardens

Low Impact Development (LID) is a technology of rainstorm management and water pollution treatment developed in the late 1990s. As one of the LID measures, rain gardens can alleviate the urban rainstorm in Shanghai. Aiming at the low rate of environment utilization in the spaces of Shanghai primary and secondary schools, this paper proposes to collect the rainwater runoff from buildings and roads in the form of rain garden. We try to use artistic design techniques, and establish the campus environment with the value of rain and flood management, sustainability and biodiversity. The study results show that the sample rain garden covers an area of 310m2 with a water storage depth of 30mm, and has recorded 6 short-term heavy rainfalls and 1 overflow in 1 year. The biodiversity has increased by 70%.

Contribution of Low-carbon Transport Policy to the Improvement of Urban Traffic Ecological Environment

Contribution of Low-carbon Transport Policy to the Improvement of Urban Traffic Ecological Environment

Exploration of Social Benefits for Tourism Performing Arts Industrialization in Culture-Tourism Integration Based on Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence Technology.

As a product of the tourism performing arts industry in culture–tourism integration development, to develop a featured culture–tourism town is a new trend for tourism development in the new era. To analyze the social benefit of the culture–tourism industry, in this study, an artificial intelligence model for social benefit evaluation is constructed based on backpropagation (BP) neural network and fuzzy comprehensive analysis, with Yiyang Town taken as an example. The criterion layer in the model includes three indexes (life benefit G1, environmental benefit G2, and economic benefit G3), and the index layer contains 11 indexes (H1–H11). The weight values of cultural inheritance and protection, ecological environment improvement, and commercial economy development to the social benefit of the town are 0.522, 0.570, and 0.424, respectively. For G1, 41.20% is excellent; for G2, 39.5% is excellent; and for G3, 40.5% is good. In general, 30.76% of the total social benefit is excellent, with 37.69% being good, 21.48% being qualified, and 10.07% being unqualified. It is inferred that the total social benefit level of Yiyang Town is good according to the constructed model. Therefore, the culture inheritance and protection, the ecological environment improvement, and the commercial economy development are the key evaluation factors of social benefit.

Investigation and Analysis on Current Management of Small and Medium-sized Rivers in Shandong Province

2020 is the last year of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and also the final year of building a well-off society in an all-round way. During the 13th Five-Year Plan, small and medium-sized rivers in this province have experienced large-scale treatment, playing an essential role in flood control and drainage, agricultural irrigation, disaster prevention and mitigation, and improvement of river ecological environment in addition to improving the currently weak water-conservancy infrastructure. However, local government still have problems in funding, land acquisition, segment-based management and treatment, project maintenance, and the balance between flood control and eco-system. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective measures and give the small and medium-sized rivers a greater role in flood control, drainage and eco-system apart from increasing investment in these fields.

机场鸟击防治的景观生态学途径

鸟击事件是全球范围的航空难题。随着我国生态环境的改善和航班量的增多，近年来鸟击事件逐年增加。科学快速的识别机场周围高危鸟类防治的关键区域，合理使用景观生态学途径来布局与规划鸟击防治手段是机场鸟击研究的空白点。对华北地区某机场的鸟情和生态环境开展调研，得到该机场及其周边地区的3种高危鸟类分布规律。通过构建高危鸟类的生态安全格局，并结合分区域防治的思路，最终得到该机场高危鸟类防治生态安全格局。从而识别出需要驱赶、防范与引诱的斑块、廊道与战略点，进而采取排斥力与吸引力结合的双向驱鸟策略。研究结果表明：（1）该机场8 km范围内鹭科类分布较多，廊道密集；雁鸭类与鸥科类栖息地较少但仍有廊道穿场。应对该范围内林地、水域等环境进行整修与清理，减少鹭科类的栖息地，切断高危鸟类飞行廊道。（2）该机场8-15 km范围内应重点做好雁鸭类的防护，及时切断雁鸭类向8 km范围内飞行的廊道。加强保护和改造连接15 km范围外的鸟类飞行廊道。（3）该机场15-20 km范围内应增加鸟类吸引力，打造连续的保护战略点，从而形成环状飞行廊道，将高危鸟类控制在安全范围内。;The bird strike is a global aviation problem. With the improvement of ecological environment and increase in the number of flights, bird strikes have increased year by year. Scientific and rapid identification of the key areas for high-risk bird control around the airport, and the rational use of landscape ecology to lay out and plan bird strike control methods are blank points in airport bird strike research. In this study, taking an airport in north China as an example, the distribution patterns of three high-risk birds around the airport were obtained through bird situation and ecological environment investigation. By constructing the ecological safety pattern of high-risk birds and combining the ideas of regional prevention and control, we finally got the ecological security pattern of the prevention and control of high-risk birds in the airport. In this way, the patches, corridors and strategic points that need to be driven, guarded and lured were identified, and then a two-way bird repelling strategy combining thrust and gravity was adopted. The results showed that: (1) within 8 km of the the airport, there were more herons and dense corridors. Though anser and gulls had less habitat, there were still corridors crossing the field. The woodland and water area within this scope should be controlled to cut down habitats of heron and flight corridors for high-risk birds. (2) Within 8-15 km of the airport, the protection of ancestral ducks should be focused on, and the corridors for the flight of ancestral ducks to 8 kilometers should be cut off in time, strengthening the protection and transformation of the bird flight corridors that connect 15 kilometers range. (3) The attraction of birds should be increased within 15-20 km of the airport, and a continuous protection strategy point and stepping stones for bird flight should be created to form a circular flight corridor, which keep high-risk birds within a safe range.

生态系统服务与贫困关联视角下生态扶贫策略的实施路径

生态文明建设与脱贫攻坚均是重要的国家战略。由于贫困与生态环境问题存在紧密耦合关系，在生态保护修复中探索生态扶贫措施的实施路径可获得生态环境改善与社会经济发展的双赢。构建生态系统服务-贫困关联分析模型，以山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的山西省宁武县和静乐县为例，通过村级多维贫困指数（VPI）评价贫困程度，并结合生态系统服务识别出生态修复与生态系统服务提升的重点地区，最后在这些区域布局合适的生态扶贫措施。结果表明处于高贫困的区域占研究区总面积的41%，中贫困所占面积比例为47%，低贫困所占面积比例为12%，地形条件、劳动力状况、生活水平的差异构成了宁武县和静乐县贫困的空间分布格局。研究区水源涵养、土壤保持、食物供给等生态系统服务计算结果分别与贫困程度叠加出九种类型，并根据叠加结果将研究区划分为低贫困修复区、低贫困保护区、中贫困修复区、高贫困修复区和高贫困保护区五个区域，提出在高贫困保护区、低贫困保护区实施以保护为主的扶贫措施，在低贫困修复区、中贫困修复区、高贫困修复区要利用生态修复的契机解决乡镇的主要致贫因素。研究为贫困或欠发达的农村区域生态保护修复与生态扶贫的结合提供借鉴参考。;The ecological civilization and poverty alleviation are both important national strategies. Because there is a close coupling relationship between poverty and eco-environmental problems, exploring the implementation path of ecological poverty alleviation measures in ecological protection and restoration can achieve a win-win situation between ecological environment improvement and socio-economic development. In this paper, an analysis model of correlation between ecosystem service and poverty was constructed. Ningwu and Jingle counties in Shanxi Province was taken as the case area, where there are pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-water-forests-cropland-lakes-grasses. The village-level multidimensional poverty indicators (VPI) is used to evaluate the poverty level and identify key areas for ecological restoration in conjunction with ecosystem services, and layout appropriate ecological poverty alleviation measures. The results show that high poverty areas account for 41% of the study area, middle poverty areas account for 47%, and low poverty areas account for 12%. Differences in terrain conditions, labor conditions, and living standards have formed the different spatial distribution pattern of poverty in Ningwu and Jingle County. The calculation results of ecosystem services such as water conservation, soil conservation, food supply in the study area were superimposed on the poverty level for each of the nine types. Based on the superimposed results, the study area is divided into five types of zones:low-poverty restoration area, low-poverty protection area, middle-poverty restoration area, high-poverty restoration area, and high-poverty protection area. The protection-oriented poverty alleviation measures will be implemented at the low-poverty protection area and high-poverty protection area. It shall use the opportunity of ecological restoration to solve the main poor factors at low-poverty restoration area, middle-poverty restoration area and high-poverty restoration area. This study provides a reference for the combination of ecological protection and restoration with ecological poverty alleviation in poor and underdeveloped rural areas.

Study on the Sustainability of Rural Tourism under the Background of Rural Revitalization

For a long time, the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to rural development. At the report of the 19th National Congress, the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that we should firmly “implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy” and “adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas”. With the improvement of rural ecological environment and the development of economic construction, rural tourism has become more and more popular among the public, and has become one of the important pillars of Rural Revitalization and poverty alleviation. At the same time, rural tourism has greatly increased villagers’ income, improved villagers’ quality of life, and improved villagers’ happiness index. It can be seen that the rural tourism industry and the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy promote each other, and the positive development of rural tourism is the only way to promote the construction of new socialist countryside. This paper discusses how to realize the sustainable development of rural tourism in the context of Rural Revitalization from the perspective of the long-term significance of rural tourism to Rural Revitalization and the ways to develop rural tourism.

A Review on the Progress of Ecological Environment Research and Improvement of the Yellow River Basin

Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy for regional economic growth and embodiment of green and coordinated policies. This paper expounds the research direction, implementation measures and existing achievements in the ecological theme for the Yellow River basin in China. It also introduces the methods to realize ecological optimization from the perspective of water resources, which is of certain significance for the further development of ecological protection and rational utilization of water resources in the basin.

内蒙古大兴安岭林草交错带景观动态分析

为加强对林草交错带生态系统的科学管理，进一步促林草资源保护与合理利用，迫切需要摸清交错带景观本底并分析其时空动态演化趋势。以大兴安岭林草交错带为研究对象，选取2000、2010年Landsat 5 TM影像和2018年Landsat 8 OLI影像，利用面向对象的决策树分类算法建立3期土地利用数据集，据此分析土地利用动态变化与景观格局演变特征，然后利用状态转换模拟模型STSM模拟研究区2025年的土地利用数据。结果表明：（1）2010年林地、草地、耕地、湿地、人工表面、盐碱地及荒漠和过火区面积占比分别为46.93%、31.66%、5.02%、13.73%、1.08%、1.55%和0.04%；2018年分别为46.89%、31.69%、4.99%、13.72%、1.15%、1.54%和0.02%。（2）景观尺度上，2010-2018年间林地面积减少43.55 km²，破碎化程度加剧、景观完整性降低、景观构成愈发复杂；草地面积增加38.11 km²，其景观完整性升高。（3）在现行趋势下，预测2025年研究区林地、草地、人工表面和过火区面积分别增加92.27、183.21、66.2 km²和10.25 km²；耕地、湿地和盐碱地及荒漠面积分别减少184.2、2.89 km²和164.84 km²。林火频发是导致研究区林地面积减少的主因，模拟的过火区面积增加提醒森林管理部门要严控林区用火风险并增强火灾扑救能力建设。后期"天然林保护"工程和"退牧还草"政策的实施是生态环境改善的主因。在制定区域发展战略时，需要充分平衡农业生产与城市扩张之间的竞争性，满足区域耕地红线的基本要求。;To strengthen the scientific ecosystem management in the forest-grass ecotone and to further promote forest and grass resources protection and rational utilization, there is an urgent need to ascertain landscape baseline and its spatio-temporal evolution trend. In this study, the forest-grass ecotone of Daxinganling in the Inner Mongonia was chosen as the research area. Based on the Landsat 5 TM images acquired in 2000, 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI images acquired in 2018, the object-oriented decision tree classification algorithm was applied to create the land use datasets first. Next, the dynamic characteristics of land use and landscape pattern evolution were analyzed, followed by a simulation analysis based on the State and Transition Simulation Model (STSM) to project the current land use trend of the study area to 2025. The results showed that:(1) in 2010, the area proportion of forest, grassland, cropland, wetland, urban, saline-alkali lands and desert, and burned area was at 46.93%, 31.66%, 5.02%, 13.73%, 1.08%, 1.55%, and 0.04%, respectively. In 2018, it was at 46.89%, 31.69%, 4.99%, 13.72%, 1.15%, 1.54% and 0.02%, respectively. (2) At the landscape scale, during the period of 2010-2018, the forest dropped by 43.55 km² and its fragmentation severity increased, accompanied by a decreased integrity of forest landscape and a more complex composition of forest landscape, while grassland increased by 38.11 km² and its integrity of landscape improved. (3) Following the current trend, the projected area of forest, grassland, urban and burned area in 2025 from STSM would increase by 92.27, 183.21, 66.2 km² and 10.25 km², respectively, while cropland, wetland, saline-alkali lands and desert would decrease by 184.2, 2.89 km² and 164.84 km², respectively. In the study of large-scale land cover prediction with historical data, the prediction accuracy of STSM model was better than that of Ca-Markov model. Frequent occurrence of forest fire was primarily responsible for the reduction of forest area in the study area. The simulated increase in burned area informed the forest management department of strictly controlling fire risk in the forested area and escalating the capability construction of fire suppression. And the implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project and the Grain for Green Project in the later period was the leading trigger for the improvement of ecological environment. When developing a regional development strategy, the competition between the agricultural production and urban sprawl must be compromised to satisfy the basic requirement of the regional red line for arable lands.

Drivers of farmers’ behavior toward compensation scheme for cultivated land protection in chengdu pilot area, China

ABSTRACT Studying farmers’ behavior affected by economic incentive is necessary to promote positive behavior among farmers toward protecting the quantity, quality, and ecological environment of cultivated land. In this study, we investigated the current situation regarding economic incentive policies for cultivated land protection, which has attracted the attention of Chinese government. Then, we focused on the earliest pilot scheme (i.e., Cultivated Land Protection Fund, CLPF) implemented in the west of China since 2008 to empirically analyze farmers’ behavior. Statistical analysis and path analysis methods were applied, with data collected from 296 questionnaires. Our results showed that positive actions, including the enhancement of initiatives to protect cultivated land, the improvement of ecological environment of cultivated land, and the investment in agricultural infrastructure, have been adopted by farmers since the implementation of the CLPF. Furthermore, gender, education level, labor force size, cultivated land area, migration out of traditional farming areas, average annual household income, and farmers’ knowledge of the policy impacted significantly on farmers’ behavior. On the premise of comprehensive consideration of the diversity of farmers’ livelihoods, new communication technologies and sufficient funds, we suggested that a long-term and sustainable project should be established at the national level to effectively compensate farmers.