Importance Of Different Criteria Research Articles

Optimal weighting factor design based on entropy technique in finite control set model predictive torque control for electric drive applications

In the conventional finite control set model predictive torque control, the cost function consists of different control objectives with varying units of measurements. Due to presence of diverse variables in cost function, weighting factors are used to set the relative importance of these objectives. However, selection of these weighting factors in predictive control of electric drives and power converters still remains an open research challenge. Improper selection of weighting factors can lead to deterioration of the controller performance. This work proposes a novel weighting factor tuning method based on the Multi-Criteria-Decision-Making (MCDM) technique called the Entropy method. This technique has several advantages for multi-objective problem optimization. It provides a quantitive approach and incorporates uncertainties and adaptability to assess the relative importance of different criteria or objectives. This technique performs the online tuning of the weighting factor by forming a data set of the control objectives, i.e., electromagnetic torque and stator flux magnitude. After obtaining the error set of control variables, the objective matrix is normalized, and the entropy technique is applied to design the corresponding weights. An experimental setup based on the dSpace dS1104 controller is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for a two-level, three-phase voltage source inverter (2L-3P) fed induction motor drive. The dynamic response of the proposed technique is compared with the previously proposed MCDM-based weighting factor tuning technique and conventional MPTC. The results reveal that the proposed method provides an improved dynamic response of the drive under changing operating conditions with a reduction of 28% in computational burden and 38% in total harmonic distortion, respectively.

Subjectivity in Unsupervised Machine Learning Model Selection

Model selection is a necessary step in unsupervised machine learning. Despite numerous criteria and metrics, model selection remains subjective. A high degree of subjectivity may lead to questions about repeatability and reproducibility of various machine learning studies and doubts about the robustness of models deployed in the real world. Yet, the impact of modelers' preferences on model selection outcomes remains largely unexplored. This study uses the Hidden Markov Model as an example to investigate the subjectivity involved in model selection. We asked 33 participants and three Large Language Models (LLMs) to make model selections in three scenarios. Results revealed variability and inconsistencies in both the participants’ and the LLMs' choices, especially when different criteria and metrics disagree. Sources of subjectivity include varying opinions on the importance of different criteria and metrics, differing views on how parsimonious a model should be, and how the size of a dataset should influence model selection. The results underscore the importance of developing a more standardized way to document subjective choices made in model selection processes.

WITHDRAWN: Sustainable circular supplier selection for textile manufacturing industries in India: An integrated WINGS-MABAC approach

The significant quantity of waste produced by the textile industry has recently sparked an increase in the adoption of Circular Economy (CE). To aim towards CE, companies should focus on selecting suppliers who share certain key characteristics, such as being compliant with the CE standards, recycling used resources to reduce waste, minimal use of water & energy. Till date, very few studies have managed to cover the in-depth analysis of suppliers on the basis of circularity and sustainability aspects. The criteria addressed in this study have been identified through thorough literature review and discussions with the experts. This paper addresses this problem with the aid of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for sustainable circular supplier selection (SCSS) in the Indian textile industry. This study applies Weighted Influence Non-linear Gauge System (WINGS) - Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) approach to estimate the importance of different criteria to select the best performing supplier of recycled cotton yarn for an Indian textile industry. WINGS is used to analyse the different criteria for evaluating suppliers in textile industry, while MABAC is used to select the most suitable sustainable circular supplier. Our results suggest that sustainable circular suppliers should be evaluated mainly on the basis of factors like whether or not the supplier is willing to collaborate, robustness, green certifications and the recycling capability of the suppliers. The proposed approach and decision-making model can help the managers of the textile industry to choose more sustainable suppliers, respond to fast fashion and maintain the competitive standard in the market. An illustrative application of the proposed framework is undertaken in an Indian textile micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME).

Multipeaked breakthrough curves in karstic rivers: effects of a diffluence-confluence system

In karstic environments, it is not unusual for an underground river to split into two or more streams (diffluence) and merge back together downstream (confluence). This kind of behavior can generate multipeaked breakthrough curves (BTCs) in dye tracing at a sampling site located downstream of the confluence(s). It is also possible that such a phenomenon is difficult to highlight with dye tracing if the tracer clouds coming from the different streams reach the sampling locations at the same time. In this study, an attempt at quantifying the importance of different criteria in the occurrence of a multipeaked BTC is done by performing a dye tracing campaign in a two-tributaries diffluence-confluence (DC) system and using a one-dimensional solute transport model. The results from both field data and the solute transport model suggest that a double-peaked BTC occurs downstream of a DC system if the following conditions are met: (1) the injection is done close enough to the diffluence, (2) the sampling point is located not too far from the confluence, and (3) the two (or more) streams have sufficiently contrasted travel times from the diffluence to the confluence. The paper illustrates that, even if a diffluence occurs in a karstic river, multipeaked BTCs are not necessarily observed downstream of the confluence if these three conditions are not met. Therefore, characterizing a DC system using dye tracing is a real challenge. This could explain why publications that report studies involving multipeaked BTCs are quite rare.

Quantifying and improving flood resilience of urban drainage systems based on socio-ecological criteria

In this paper, a new framework is developed for evaluating the resilience of urban drainage systems (UDSs) under floods by proposing and quantifying some technical and socio-ecological (SE) criteria. The proposed criteria are used to quantify the seven principles of building resilience in socio-ecological systems. The criteria mainly focus on preserving diversity and multiplicity in a UDS, managing variables that gradually change over time (slow variables), improving structural and functional connectivity, maintaining system adaptability, encouraging learning, broadening participation, and promoting polycentric governance systems. For evaluating the efficiency of the proposed framework, it is applied to a real-world case study of improving resilience of the UDS in the eastern part of Tehran metropolitan area. Three scenarios for flood management are proposed based on the Low Impact Development (LID) practices which are simulated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The Entropy method is used to consider the uncertainty in the relative importance of different criteria in estimating the flood resilience. The estimated values for the proposed criteria regarding the current drainage system in the study area show its undesirable condition in many sub-catchments. The results also show that using around 2.3 km2 of LID practices in this urban watershed can significantly improve the resilience in many sub-catchments (nearly, 30%) and reduce the total volume of the overflow (about 50%). The results also show that using the flood management scenarios, improving connectivity is the most influential factor that enhances the general resilience of the system.

A survey on the potential contribution of Reunion Island dye plant species diversity to the market demand for bioactive plant-based dyes and pigments

BackgroundProven toxicity and environmental burdens caused by artificial dyes have motivated dyeing industries to turn to natural alternatives. Plant-based dyestuffs are an interesting group of alternative crops. Reunion Island located in the Indian Ocean is the only European region in the southern hemisphere. It has a great number of assets to find new molecules in the abundant plant biodiversity. However, the dye-producing plants diversity in this island had not been documented to date.MethodologyThe assessment of the Reunion Island’s plant biodiversity through the “PLANTIN” project allowed us to establish here the first ethnobotanical inventory of plants growing on Reunion Island which may have promising properties as a new alternative source of dyes or colorants for the industries. First, an ethnobotanical survey focused on the uses of plants traditionally used in dyeing was conducted on local stakeholders. Then, the importance of different criteria (e.g., endemicity, accessibility and cultivability, plant organs used for the extraction, industrial interests of the species, etc.) has been considered to establish a classification method of the species, to finally select the most interesting plants which have been further harvested and investigated for their coloring property and dyeing application on natural fibers.ResultsThe results showed that local people have accumulated traditional knowledge of dyeing plants, but that this approach had been discontinued in Reunion. The uses of 194 plant species potentially rich in dyes or pigments, belonging to 72 different families, with diverse botanical status (endemic, native, introduced or alien-invasive species) have been recorded. Then, 43 species were harvested and their coloring property were investigated. It demonstrated that dyes extracted from promising species, e.g., Terminalia bentzoe, Weinmannia tinctoria, Thespesia populnea, Erythroxylum laurifolium, Morinda citrifolia, Leea guinensis, Ochrosia borbonica, Danais fragrans, Terminalia cattapa, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Coccoloba uvifera, amongst others, could be used as new textile dyes. Their efficacy in the wool and cotton dyeing has been successfully demonstrated here.ConclusionThese plant-based dyestuffs showed promising coloring properties with different shades that could meet industrial application requirement. It's an area that could promote local cultural inheritance, create opportunity for business and farmers, and that can make a significant contribution to preserving endangered native species by supporting reforestation schemes. Additional researches are in progress to evaluate the safety of these plant-based colored extracts, their chemical composition and biological activities.

Assessment of valorisation opportunities for secondary metallurgy slag through multi-criteria decision making

This paper aims to investigate the valorisation opportunities for the secondary metallurgy slag (SMS) as a by-product of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production. The key stakeholders, their aim and possible configurations of the SMS value chain are identified considering the treatment unit owners and locations, pre-treatment and treatment processes, and collaboration aspects. A multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model has been developed to evaluate value chain configurations according to criteria such as technology, legislation, economic and environmental sustainability, and supply chain. This approach helps analyse the impact of circular economy practices and the opportunities for industrial symbiosis in the European steelmaking areas.The AHP model was tested on the case of Lombardy region that is one of the major European hubs for EAF steel production. Knowledge was collected and formalized from interviews with several experts. The results show economic sustainability has the highest impact on the SMS value chain, followed by CO2 emission and water consumption. The ranking of SMS value chain configurations shows that a pre-treatment phase is essential since it facilitates SMS logistics management and has environmental advantages. A collaborative approach among steel producers or with external recyclers is preferred when there is the readiness of the ecosystem, hardware infrastructure, and legislation about product certificates and operations. In a collaborative system, a value chain consisting of a third-party industry for SMS recycling is preferred to a consortium of producers due to the broader market coverage, environmental sustainability, and higher profits for the recycler.The multi-criteria combined with the multi-expert modelling approach helps balance the importance of different criteria from the actors' points of view, such as steel producers and technology providers. From the theoretical point of view, the analysis shows how an SMS collaborative ecosystem integrated with two recycling facilities reinforces the steelmaking business profitability, market potential, and environmental-friendly solutions. This study can help steel producers decide on the feasibility and profitability of treatment units, collaborating with other producers, or selling SMS to recyclers. In addition, policymakers can analyse the regional perspective, identify potential industrial sectors, and explore new business models.

Fuzzy Decision-Making Framework for Sensitively Prioritizing Autism Patients with Moderate Emergency Level

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that requires careful assessment and management. The prioritization of ASD patients involves navigating through complexities such as conflicts, trade-offs, and the importance of different criteria. Therefore, this study focuses on prioritizing patients with ASD in the healthcare setting through an evaluation and benchmarking framework. The aim of this study is to develop a framework that utilizes Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods to assist healthcare professionals in prioritizing ASD patients, particularly those with moderate injury levels. The methodology of the framework outlines several phases, including dataset identification, development of a decision matrix, weighting of 19 ASD criteria using the FWZIC method, ranking 432 patients using the VIKOR method, and evaluating the proposed framework using four sensitivity analysis scenarios. Among the 19 ASD criteria, the criterion 'verbal communication' obtained the highest weight. Additionally, criteria such as 'laughing for no reason', 'nodding', 'patient movement at home', and 'pointing with the index finger' obtained similar higher weights, indicating their potential impact on ASD patients. The experimental results highlight the significance of adjusting ASD weights in influencing the final rankings obtained through the VIKOR method. This emphasizes the need for careful consideration when assigning weights to the 19 ASD criteria to ensure accurate prioritization. Moreover, the framework provides valuable insights into improving the care and support provided to individuals with autism in Iraq. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of autism care prioritization and pave the way for future research and interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of care for individuals with autism in Iraq.

Mangrove plantation suitability mapping by integrating multi criteria decision making geospatial approach and remote sensing data

ABSTRACT Mangroves are woody plant communities that appear in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly in intertidal zones along the coastlines. Despite their considerable benefits to humans and the surrounding environment, their existence is threatened by anthropogenic activities and natural drivers. Accordingly, it is vital to conduct efficient efforts to increase mangrove plantations by identifying suitable locations. These efforts are required to support conservation and plantation practices and lower the mortality rate of seedlings. Therefore, identifying ecologically potential areas for plantation practices is mandatory to ensure a higher success rate. This study aimed to identify suitable locations for mangrove plantations along the southern coastal frontiers of Hormozgan, Iran. To this end, we applied a hybrid Fuzzy-DEMATEL-ANP (FDANP) model as a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach to determine the relative importance of different criteria, combined with geospatial and remote sensing data. In this regard, ten relevant sources of environmental criteria, including meteorological, topographical, and geomorphological, were used in the modeling. The statistical evaluation demonstrated the high potential of the developed approach for suitable location identification. Based on the final results, 6.10% and 20.80% of the study area were classified as very-high suitable and very-low suitable areas. The obtained values can elucidate the path for decision-makers and managers for better conservation and plantation planning. Moreover, the utility of charge-free remote sensing data allows cost-effective implementation of such an approach for other regions by interested researchers and governing organizations.

An Analytic Hierarchy Process for Selecting Battery Equalization Methods

Batteries have been the predominant energy storage system used in electric vehicles. Battery packs have a large number of cells that develop charge, thermal, and capacity imbalances over time, limiting the power, range, and lifetime. Electronic battery management and state of charge (SoC) equalization methods are necessary to mitigate such imbalances. Today, it is possible to find a wide range of battery equalization methods in the literature, but how to decide which of these methods should be applied in practice? This paper compares 24 SoC equalization circuits that are typically found in automotive applications. We employ an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach to rank these equalization circuits according to multiple decision criteria (energy efficiency, equalization speed, implementation and control simplicity, hardware size, and total price). We also prepared a survey to collect design preferences from multiple battery balancing experts from around the world in order to better understand the relative importance of different criteria. The obtained results confirm that automotive engineers continue to favor passive balancing methods because of their low price, small PCB size, and implementation simplicity—despite the energy efficiency benefits of active balancing.

A Phosphonate Substituent in a 1,10‐Phenanthroline Ligand Boosts Light‐Driven Catalytic Water Oxidation Performance Sensitized by Ruthenium Chromophores

AbstractA series of new Ruthenium(II) complexes based on the (1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐yl)diethyl phosphonate ligand L2 and their corresponding phosphonic acid along with reference compounds are synthesized in order to evaluate the influence of the phosphonate substitution on the catalytic performance of such molecules. UV‐vis absorption and emission spectroscopy show, that introduction of a phosphonate moiety into the periphery of the phenanthroline ligand does not alter the photophysical properties of the complex. In contrast, the electrochemical features of all compounds are affected upon respective functionalization compared to the reference molecule [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 in aqueous medium. Photostability tests in water or in water/persulfate show a dependency of the stability towards photodecomposition on quenching efficiency with persulfate anion. The lower quenching efficiency thus leads to increased stability based on the negative charge of the phosphonate moiety in 2 and P1 in aqueous medium following a quenching efficiency trend of [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2>1>2>P1. Photocatalytic water oxidation using [Ru(dpp)(pic)2](PF6)2 reveals that compound 1 and [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 doe not exhibit any activity under the utilized conditions, P1 shows a negligible TON of 7, whereas compound 2 reaches a TON of 140 after 1 h. This fact highlights that the redox potential is not the sole driver in the catalytic cycle and accentuates the importance of different criteria determining the suitability of photosensitizers in light‐driven water oxidation, such as light absorption, redox potential of the RuIII/RuII event, photostability towards and quenching efficiency with the sacrificial agent.

Criteria prioritization for the sustainable development of second-generation bioethanol in Thailand using the Delphi-AHP technique

BackgroundThe availability of underexploited agricultural residues in Thailand opens up the opportunity to supply second-generation bioethanol production. The national implementation of residues-to-biofuel can potentially boost the bioeconomy and greenhouse gas mitigation but requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders in the development of effective policy recommendations. This study aims to optimize the implementation of the national strategy through the use of a multi-criteria approach that involves participatory prioritization by current stakeholders in order to evaluate certain aspects and important indicators for second-generation bioethanol development.MethodsThe Delphi-AHP technique was used to analyze the degree of importance of different criteria. The evaluation process was conducted with various stakeholders and used a pairwise comparison of 4 dimensions (main criteria) and 12 indicators (sub-criteria). Participants were asked to rate factors related to technical feasibility, environmental impacts, economic feasibility and social impacts in terms of importance.ResultsBioethanol stakeholders in Thailand from five different sectors (industry/business, NPO/NGOs, the governmental sector, academic/research institutes and financial institutions/banks) participated in the Delphi survey. The 20 experts’ evaluation of the four dimensions ranked economic feasibility (32.7%) highest in terms of level of importance, followed by environmental impacts (25.1%), technical feasibility (24.9%) and social impacts (17.3%). When assessing the sub-criteria, the participants selected ‘final price per liter’, ‘added value of input materials’ and ‘net energy balance’ as the top three most important indicators among the 12 sub-criteria. In terms of a link between the preferred criteria and the participants’ expertise, the results encouraged taking different backgrounds and affiliations into account in the policy planning phase.ConclusionsThe stakeholder survey indicated the importance of economic aspects, highlighting the need to take governmental driven policy into consideration. However, implementation scenarios have to be embedded in a broader range of aspects because all the dimensions were rated as being highly impactful. For future sustainable bioenergy, the inclusion of stakeholders’ opinions can result in multifaceted scenarios that can be linked to social acceptance and benefits for all relevant players when developing policy recommendations for advanced bioenergy.

Comparing Assessment Methods of Attribute Importance in Teachers’ Decisions: The Importance of Different Criteria for Tracking Recommendations after Primary School

The importance of different criteria for tracking recommendations is usually inferred using regression weights as a cross-student measure. The few studies that have applied alternative approaches or differentiated between student groups sometimes reach different conclusions. According to research on judgment and decision making (JDM), different methods operationalize different facets of importance. Given this, we investigate whether the importance of criteria for tracking recommendations depends on a direct vs. indirect operationalization (regression weights vs. ratings). A total of 181 teachers selected four students from their most recent fourth-grade class using a 2 × 2 design (certain vs. uncertain qualification for the Realschule (vocational track) vs. the Gymnasium (academic track)). Then, they reported on the level and the importance of predetermined criteria for each student. Contrary to JDM research, we found few method-related differences, but striking differences between cases with a certain vs. an uncertain qualification. For the latter, the importance of the criteria is more homogeneous, the regression prediction is less successful and the importance varies with the dependent variable in the regression (actual recommendation vs. perceived qualification). We conclude that further research should focus on uncertain cases rather than method-related differences and suspect that, in uncertain cases, the formation of the recommendation is a multistage decision process.

Scenarios as a tool supporting decisions in urban energy policy: The analysis using fuzzy logic, multi-criteria analysis and GIS tools

At present, cities characterised by high building intensity, which requires a sufficiently large amount of energy for proper functioning. This necessity means that energy planning should focus on the one hand on saving and reducing energy consumption, but also on introducing renewable energy sources (RES) in a way that ensures sustainable urban development. Social and economic issues that condition equality in access to energy and allow its rational use are a severe problem in cities. The article proposes a way of identifying the criteria that have the most significant impact on energy policy effects and the use of renewable energy in cities. The tests results affecting the energy potential of cities were analysed using various energy scenarios. The fuzzy logic and the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to assess them. To show the differences between the scenarios, the Energy Potential Index (EPI) was developed to determine the feasibility of implementing individual energy scenarios in six urban districts. The results of this study present the importance of different criteria that influence the decisions made and the applied energy policy scenarios in the city areas. The approach that is important regardless of the goals is the intensity of development. The most desirable area for the implementation of the energy policy, taking into account renewable energy sources, is the city quarter with high-intensity multi-family housing. The study conclusions provide guidelines for decision-makers shaping the energy policy in the city in the form of the EPI indicator - a comparative assessment of the location and development of renewable energy systems to increase energy potential, equality in access to energy and mitigation of the effects of climate change.

Information Privacy Protection under Anti-Money Laundering Legislation: An Empirical Study in Taiwan

The newly added requirement in Taiwan’s Money Laundering Control Act to fully authenticate customers’ identity by regulated entities, particularly to reveal substantial beneficial owners, entails greater disclosure of customers’ private information. How to strike the balance between such disclosure and information privacy protection has not been mentioned yet in Taiwan. The goal of this research paper is to identify support measures, consisting of criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives, for information privacy protection for future change. A questionnaire was developed through applying the modified Delphi method. This study also applied the analytic hierarchy process to the questionnaire to prioritize the importance of different criteria and sub-criteria and find the optimal alternative. The search results indicated that the criteria were (in order of importance) internal control in financial institutions, prior surveillance mechanisms, informed consent, and safe-harbor immunity. Further examination of the details for the sub-criteria indicated that the establishment of an external independent supervising mechanism and the adoption of a personal information impact assessment are increasingly prioritized for implementation. Moreover, Alternative 2 (“Public and private entities should implement criteria and sub-criteria simultaneously”) weighed 0.62 more in terms of importance compared with Alternative 1 (“Public entities should implement criteria and sub-criteria first”), which weighed 0.38.

Changes in the Concept of Lithuanian Identity in Public Consciousness in 2008–2017

What is the prevailing concept of Lithuanian identity and the importance of different criteria used to define it? How do they fit in with the newly constructed European identity? Based on the data of the European Values Survey, the article analyzes the dominant notion of Lithuanian identity in our society, the importance of criteria used to define it, and the dynamics of evaluations of the importance of these criteria in the period from 2008 to 2017, revealing essential sociodemographic and other differentiation factors. The problem of the complex interrelationship between a Lithuanian and European identity is also examined, denying the myths of their inevitable contradiction.

INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK SUITABILITY ESTIMATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE

Information security is one of the key concerns of an enterprise or organization. To assure suitable management of information security a list of information security management frameworks has been developed by a number of institutions and authors. A condensed information in information security management framework is very important to a small and medium enterprise as this type of enterprise usually lacks resources for information security expertise and deep analysis. Despite the fact, the information security management process and its frameworks, on the other hand, are very complex and require a big number of different elements. At the moment the comparison it is very shallow, as all properties of the comparison are treated equally important. In real life, the importance of different criteria of information security management framework and their suitability for small and medium enterprise vary. Therefore we use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to construct a hierarchy of information security management frameworks quality and applicability in small and medium enterprise and define the weights for each of the criteria. Weighted criteria express the importance of the criteria and executed the final comparison of alternatives (five information security management frameworks) is more realistic (similar to experts opinion) comparing to existing comparisons.

Palliation of Functionally Single Ventricle Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa-Is It Justifiable?

Resource constraints in many sub-Saharan African countries undermine efforts to provide the full spectrum of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. Palliation of the child born with functionally single ventricle is the lowest priority for policymakers when viewed from the perspective of cost-effectiveness. This commentary focuses on the relative importance of different criteria that policymakers and the general public consider important in setting health-care priorities as it relates to palliation of the patient with functionally single ventricle in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues the position that cost-effectiveness analysis tends to exclude those with high cost-to-treat illness, and decisions made on that basis alone are not acceptable to the general population on whose behalf those decisions are made.

Assessment of Different Technologies for Managing Yard Waste Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

The heterogeneity of solid waste generated by a large population of different socio-economic backgrounds in India makes it difficult to have a universal best treatment option. The present study reports a comprehensive assessment of six different technologies for managing yard waste using analytic hierarchy process (AHP): composting, incineration, landfill, anaerobic digestion, pelletization-gasification, and pelletization-pyrolysis. Four criteria, namely, environmental, economic, technical, and socio-political have been considered for evaluation, with each of these having further sub-criteria. The 4 criteria, 17 sub-criteria, and the 6 alternatives are evaluated using AHP for two different cases: one for calculated weights based on the objective, and other assuming equal weights for each criterion and sub-criterion. The pairwise comparison matrices are formed using data collected from literature and the responses recorded from the questionnaire survey. The results are then synthesized to find the most appropriate process for managing yard waste. For both, case 1 and case 2, pelletization-gasification (PG) was the most promising technology followed by pelletization-pyrolysis (PP). Landfill (LF) and incineration (IN) technologies proved to be the least preferred alternatives for managing yard waste. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of variation in importance of different criteria on the final rankings of the technology alternatives.

Compartment Syndrome- Controversies and where are we Today

AbstractCompartment Syndrome in Orthopedic practice is a night mare and has to be diagnosed and treated as an emergency to save the function of the limb. Importance of different criteria of early diagnosis, compartment pressure measurement and immediate fasciotomy are the controversies even today. The review emphasizes the importance of these concerns. Definition Compartment syndrome occurs due to an increased interstitial tissue pressure inside a closed 1 space especially in an osseo-fascial compartment , should be treated as an acute emergency.