Implementation Variants Research Articles

Modeling of a dynamic discrete cellular system

Cellular automata have found application in the study of discrete dynamic processes of physical reality. The article deals with the evolution of a discrete dynamic cellular system modeled in the Wolfram Mathematica computer environment. A comparative analysis of various variants of the cellular automaton model implementation is given: according to rules 90, 105 and 110. An algorithm for modeling the deformed state of a solid body using rule 110 is proposed. To simulate local structures that simulate stress concentrators, the algorithm is supplemented by generating a sequence of pseudo-random numbers. The simulation results showed that the appearance of stress concentrators corresponds to the transition from deterministic to chaotic behavior of a discrete cellular system. The article also estimates the possibility of using a discrete cellular system to simulate the turbulent motion of an incompressible fluid based on a generalized local balance model. The appearance of turbulence zones can be estimated by changing the pattern of the cellular automaton.

Theoretical matters of self-organization and their practical implementation in jet-emulsion process. Part 2. Possible variants of industrial implementation of jet-emulsion metallurgical process and new technological schemes on its base

At the large-scale test facility, manufactured at West-Siberian iron and steel plant from 1992 till 2001 40 series of experiments were accomplished, which enabled to confirm trueness of theoretical and designing solutions of jet-emulsion metallurgical process (JER) and to perfect the design of the facility. Several new low-energy intensive technologies were tested experimentally, including a technology of direct reducing of powdered ores and wastes (sludges, oiled scale) without agglomeration, a technology of obtaining manganese alloys from poor powdered ores, a technology division of titanium-magnetite concentrates into iron and conditional titaniferous slag, and a technology of metal direct reduction with simultaneous production of synthesis-gas. It was shown, that application of JER process is particularly effective for processing of poor powdered ores, as well as powdered iron-containing and coal wastes, by direct reduction in one stage without agglomeration. Possible variants of diversification of technological schemes of production considered for integrated steel plants and machine-building plants, creation of mini-mills of complete cycle (ore‒steel). An example of a layout solution for a technology based on JER process in existing building presented. The level of the development enables to design and together with a machine-building plant to construct on “turn-key” base a pilot facility of industrial scale. The advantages of the process mentioned above enable to get a quick pay-back, particularly for situation of processing of powdered wastes and ores.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТЕЛЕМАТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ «КОЛІСНІ ТРАНСПОРТНІ ЗАСОБИ – ІНФРАСТРУКТУРА»

The article is devoted to the study of the actual scientific and technical problem of improving the vehicles operation efficiency under specific infrastructural operating conditions. The structure of the «Vehicles – Infrastructure» system is generalized using a systems approach. In particular, it is presented in the form of a functional scheme. This scheme combines the main processes of the system in propulsion, transmission, chassis and interaction with the infrastructure, processes input values and outputs, feedbacks, providing control of process parameters to achieve the desired system performance. A systematization method of telematic hardware and software the «Vehicles – Infrastructure» system is proposed. The method allows to analyze existing morphological structures and form new morphological structures of the system. They are considered as ways to increase operational efficiency of vehicles with improved telematic hardware and software of basic functional elements. A method for determining the telematic hardware and software development level of the «Vehicles – Infrastructure» system and its functional elements is proposed. The method takes into account the implementation variants development level of vehicles and infrastructure telematic hardware and software basic morphological features. The morphological structures of the «Vehicles – Infrastructure» system telematic hardware and software for research are determined. These morphological structures combine the different development level variants of 16 morphological features for the «Vehicles» and «Infrastructure» functional elements. Keywords: vehicles, infrastructural operating conditions, functioning process, functional scheme, morphological matrix, morphological structure, telematic hardware and software development level.

Study of the Shape of a Microwave Chamber for Heating a Dielectric Object

Currently, microwave energy is actively used in various industrial spheres for heating dielectric materials. In order to ensure uniform heating, it is necessary to obtain a uniform distribution of absorbed power in the volume of a dielectric. In this paper, we consider two models of a microwave chamber for heating a dielectric object – a rectangular chamber and a cylindrical chamber. Computer simulation was performed in the FEKO software for several cases: using two and four radiation sources and using two different dielectrics, with parameters corresponding to water and wheat. The results show that a cylindrical chamber provides a more uniform distribution of absorbed power in the inner volume, and therefore, allows to obtain a more uniform heating of the dielectric object inside it, than a rectangular chamber. One possible variant of implementation of a chamber for microwave heating of a dielectric object may be a rotating cylindrical chamber. Its application will allow obtaining uniform heating with a smaller number of emitters due to the choice of the optimal cylinder rotation speed.

Conveyorized implementation of ASWM image filter on PLD

The object of research is the adaptive switching weighted median image filter (ASWM) algorithm. This algorithm is one of the most effective in the field of impulse noise suppression. The computational complexity and algorithmic features of this adaptive nonlinear filter make it impossible to implement a filter that works in real time on modern PLD microcircuits. The most problematic areas of the algorithm are the weight coefficient estimation cycle, which has no limit on the number of iterations and contains a large number of division operations. This does not allow implementing the filter on PLDs with a sufficiently effective method. In the course of the research, the programming model of the filter in Python was used. The performance of the algorithm was assessed using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) metrics. Modeling made it possible to find out empirically the number of iterations of the cycle for estimating the weight coefficients at different levels of noise density and to estimate the effect of artificial limitation of the maximum number of iterations on the filter performance. Regardless of the intensity of the noise impact, the algorithm performs less than 40 iterations of the evaluation cycle. Let’s also simulate the operation of the algorithm with different variants of the division module implementation. The paper considers the main of them and offers the most optimal in terms of the ratio of accuracy/hardware costs for implementation. Thus, a modified algorithm was proposed that does not have these disadvantages. Thanks to modifications of the algorithm, it is possible to implement a pipelined ASWM image filter on modern PLDs. The filter is synthesized for the main families of Intel PLDs. The implementation, which is not inferior in terms of SSIM and PSNR metrics to the original algorithm, requires less than 65,000 FPGA logical cells and allows filtering of monochrome images with FullHD resolution at 48 frames/s at a clock frequency of 100 MHz.

Building communication networks: on the application of the Kruskal’s algorithm in the problems of large dimensions

The paper deals with the development of the topology of ultra-large communication networks, i.e. networks containing several thousand vertices. In this case, the coordinates of the vertices of the undirected graph are somehow predetermined and a set of edges must be constructed. The main point of the options we are considering for developing the network topology is the minimum of the sum of weights of the edges; however, we note in advance that this criterion of minimality is often not the only objective function in the practical problems we are considering. In our previous papers, two realistically considered tasks were formulated. However, everything is not so simple, and we cannot use the direct version of Kruskal’s algorithm. The complexity of this algorithm depends on the representation of the data, i.e. the data structures used. In our situation (when the number of considered vertices is approximately 5000 to 10000), the operation of a simple version of the algorithm takes about a half an hour, which, of course, is acceptable for a one-time solution to the problem under consideration, but it is unacceptable in the case when such solutions are constructed repeatedly (in particular, iteratively). Some temporary improvements to the practical operation of the algorithm provide different options for using complex data structures. The subject of this article can be formulated as follows. We are moving from exact algorithms (in particular, Kruskal’s algorithm) to some heuristics. Moreover, for the starting problem that we are considering, we cannot work without heuristic algorithm at all. However, we describe two specific variants of a simple implementation of Kruskal’s algorithm for problems of large dimensions; in our titles, those are “the 1st and the 2nd algorithms of the usual implementation”. We have formulated two heuristics (“the 3rd and 4th algorithms”). In our opinion, one of these algorithms turned out to be quite acceptable; we present some practical results of computational experiments. And it is very important that these two heuristics will be useful not only for such a “0-th problem”, but also for much more complex problems.

The relevance of flotation classification in a closed grinding cycle

The article discusses a brief history of development of the flotation classification, reflects current trends in the development of flotation ore dressing, in foreign and domestic enrichment practice. Variants of implementation of the flotation classification, due to behavioral patterns, the degree of interaction are discussed. The relationship of flotation and gravitational processes in the flotation classification was identified and confirmed by theoretical and experimental studies. The directions of application of the flotation classification in a closed grinding cycle were considered. Variants of practical application of the flotation classification in a closed grinding cycle for sulfide ores and on tailings for various products of the grinding cycle, in the modes of froth flotation and separation were analyzed, the main advantages were identified. Ways to achieve optimal conditions for flotation classification were described. A new direction for the flotation classification using tapering chutes was identified. It is possible to obtain a conditional concentrate of flotation classification in a closed grinding cycle with the enrichment of the froth product in the tapering chutes. The flotation classification of tailings ensures the maximum extraction of flotation minerals into the froth with the tailings flotation classification being drained. A schematic diagram of flotation classification enrichment in a closed grinding cycle is presented, and the results of calculating final flotation classification parameters for sulphide copper ore dressing are presented. Flotation classifiers in a closed grinding cycle reduce energy costs and increase technological indicators of the enrichment of mineral and industrial raw materials.

A Method for Run-Time Prediction of On-Chip Thermal Conditions in Dynamically Reconfigurable SOPCs

Autonomous mobile systems nowadays deploy FPGA-based System on Programmable Chips (SoPCs) for supporting their dynamic multitask multimodal workloads. For such field-deployed systems, activation times, execution periods of tasks, and variations in environmental conditions are usually difficult to predict. These dynamic variations result in a new challenge of dynamic thermal cycling stress on the SoPC die, which can result in transient and even permanent hardware faults in the computing system. This paper proposes the approach of run-time structural adaptation (RTSA) to mitigate dynamic thermal cycling stress on the SoPC dies. RTSA assumes the tasks to have multiple implementation variants, called Application Specific Processing (ASP) circuit variants, which vary in hardware resources, operating frequency, and power consumption. Dynamically reconfiguring appropriate ASP circuit variants of tasks allow systems to maintain their die temperature in the desired range while taking into account variations in power budget and modes of operation. This means the essence of RTSA is a decision-making mechanism which can select at run-time, a suitable system configuration (set of ASP circuit variants of active tasks), whenever needed, to meet the die temperature constraints. To do so, run-time die temperature prediction for potential system configurations using an estimation model is required. This paper presents a generic method to derive an analytical model for any SoPC that can estimate the die temperature in real time and thus support the decision-making mechanism. To develop this method, the thermal behavior of SoPC die under different task scenarios is studied and relation of die temperature to frequency, resource utilization, and power consumption is analyzed. An RTSA-enabled experimental platform is set up on Xilinx Zynq XC7Z020 SoPC for this purpose. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to derive a model in run-time, thus enabling systems to self-derive and dynamically update the model in run-time.

Method and algorithms of complex information processing onboard the aircraft for the benefit of definition of accessory of the purposes

Formulation of the problem. On board an aircraft, the solution of situational awareness tasks can be achieved as a result of the creation of an integrated multi-sensor information environment for a complex of onboard equipment, including sources of information that are heterogeneous in terms of construction principles and nature. One of the difficulties in creating such a multi-sensor information environment is the lack of specialized functional software for the on-board equipment complex, which allows processing and combining signals and information from heterogeneous sources, providing an assessment of the coordinate characteristics of targets in the form of phase coordinates of their spatial position and movement, as well as recognition and identification observed targets by characteristic features. To solve this problem, a method and interconnected algorithms for complex information processing have been developed that would allow combining heterogeneous information about targets, taking into account the conditions and methods of obtaining it when solving problems of tracking, recognition and identification of targets. Goal. Describe the method and interrelated algorithms for integrated information processing in the aircraft onboard equipment complex, which provide tracking, recognition and identification of targets based on information received from heterogeneous OBE sources. Results. The method of complex information processing on board the aircraft is described. A set of interrelated algorithms has been developed, including: an algorithm for the complex adaptive assessment of the phase coordinates of the observed target, conditional relative to its trajectory and signal signs obtained from the results of observations of heterogeneous sources; an algorithm for determining the nationality of the observed target, taking into account the assessment of its class / type based on the results of assessing the values of its trajectory and signal characteristics, as well as the conditions for assessing the phase coordinates. Practical significance. The optimization of the processes of a complex adaptive assessment of the phase coordinates of the observed target, conditional with respect to its trajectory and signal signs, and optimization of the decision-making process about the nationality of the observed target, taking into account the assessment of its class / type based on the values of the trajectory and signal signs of this target, obtained from the results of observations of heterogeneous sources. A variant of the practical implementation of the developed method and algorithms in the OBE of the aircraft is proposed.

Possibilities of digital platforms in solving various educational problems in the digital space

This article examines the current problems of digitalization of education. The author analyzes the essence of digitalization and the emergence of new digital technologies that represent great pedagogical potential. The possibility of using digital technologies in the process of passing compulsory practice by students is also considered. This article describes the digital education environment. The conceptual framework has been clarified: “digital literacy”, “digital educational environment”. The digital education strategy provides for promising innovative technologies. The author comes to the conclusion that the digitization of education has changed the content of the courses given by teachers, as well as the presentation of information – this is not only a presentation or a video, it is already directly connected databases and forums to the Information Network. The concepts of digital platforms are systematized, the methods and basic principles of using the functions of digital platforms are grounded, variants for the effective implementation of new educational technologies for online education are proposed.

Поэтика литературного сновидения в новелле С. Д. Кржижановского «Боковая ветка»

The paper is dedicated to studying the oneiric text of S. Krzhizhanovsky’s novel “Sideline.” The topicality of the research is due to modern literary criticism interest in examining various aspects of artistic hypnology of Russian writers, as well as studying the works of “returned” authors, including S. Krzhizhanovsky. The realization specifics of the structural model of the literary dream in question can be presented as the following scheme: unconscious falling asleep – dream-journey – awakening by falling down. Different variants of artistic implementation of the main metaphors connected with dreaming are analyzed: “dream-life” in the image of briefcase-cushion and the image of “million-brained” dream of equality and brotherhood; “dream-death” in the image of the leader of a dream world, with the prevalence of thanatological vocabulary in the description of the city of dreams. The ways of imitating the space of real dreaming in the oneiric text of the novel are studied: awakening by falling, sudden muteness of characters, sudden change of location, etc. Also, the specifics of using the plot device of an unannounced dream is considered contributing to the illusion of “reality” of everything that happens to the character in the city of dreams. An attempt is made to consider the oneirotop of the novel in terms of classification by genre and function, plot and composition, images and esthetics and characters, as well as artistic functions of dreams in the literature (plot function, psychological function, idea, and symbolic function). The oneiric text of Krzhizhanosky’s novel “Sideline” is viewed as an artistic realization of the author’s original idea of the subconscious, dreamy origin of a communist utopia.

A variant of implementation of the AES algorithm in RFID systems

This paper presents basic information about RFID systems and a brief analysis of the main cryptographic algorithms traditionally used in them. The main work was done on the development and hardware implementation of the AES encryption algorithm, which should theoretically help protect against most of the above attacks

БЛОКЧЕЙН ПРИХОДИТЬ В УКРАЇНУ

he article considers the possibilities of the implementation of blockchain technologies to increase the competitiveness of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the problems and prospects for the introduction of blockchain technologies in Ukraine. The existing approaches to the legislative definition of the concept of cryptocurrencies are considered and systematized. The available proposals for defining the concept of such cryptocurrency in Ukraine, as well as differences in approaches are analyzed. Today, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine should choose the authority that will regulate the circulation of cryptocurrency in the country. The definition of such authority depends on the choice of approach to the interpretation of cryptocurrencies. If cryptocurrencies are recognized as a means of payment, they must be regulated by the National Bank of Ukraine, and if they are an asset, by the National Securities and Stock Market Commission. The potential consequences of each of the above decisions are analyzed. It is substantiated why cryptocurrencies should be treated as an asset. Variants of implementation of blockchain technologies after introduction of legislative changes are investigated. Further ways of the development of blockchain technologies in Ukraine are offered. Findings. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine needs to finalize the draft law №3637 "On Virtual Assets", which will designate the NSSMC as the body that regulates the circulation of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine. In further defining the legislative framework for the sector Verkhovna Rada should take into account the following recommendations: - not to prohibit and not to introduce excessive regulation of blockchain technologies; - not to provide amateurish and populist recommendations to business representatives; - not to put bold experiments on critical elements of the state infrastructure; - carefully study the initiatives of the Ministry of Finance, as this department managed to gather highly qualified specialists; - listen to the recommendation of a representative of the public, in particular to the representatives of Blockchain-Ukraine Association and the relevant parliamentary association in Verkhovna Rada. The complex world requires extraordinary efforts to find difficult solutions.

Research of modular multilevel converter with phase-shifted pulse-width modulation

The work is devoted to the study of performance of a multilevel electric energy converter using phase-shifted pulse-width modulation. Equations describing the state of a dynamic system multilevel converter - load are investigated and a mathematical model of the system in Matlab / Simulink environment has been constructed. Variants of implementation of phase-shifted pulse-width modulation systems from the point of view of influence on harmonics of output voltage and magnitude of circulating current in the converter are investigated.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ НАЗЕМНОГО МОБИЛЬНОГО РОБОТА ПРИ НАРУШЕНИИ ЦЕЛОСТНОСТИ НАВИГАЦИОННЫХ ДАННЫХ СПУТНИКОВОЙ НАВИГАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The article discusses the determination of navigational data corruption, which received by the satellite navigation system as well as traffic control of ground mobile robots. It also specifies the movement features of ground robots, which affect the data integrity monitoring. It proposes an algorithm of control to implement the methods of autonomous onboard monitoring of the navigational data integrity. The algorithm is based on the equations of signal correspondence in various parts of the control system. It is designed to determine the inoperability of the satellite navigation system that implies the loss of signal and failure in the navigation problem solution. The algorithm takes into account the non-deterministic nature of moving ground robot with possible stops in the process of following the trajectory. The article considers the implementation variants of algorithm to assess reliability for the control system containing additional sensors of the robot’s displacement and for the hardware-redundant system containing no additional sensors. The results of modeling the movement of a ground mobile robot along an arbitrary trajectory in case of navigational data corruption are presented. The features of algorithm based on the simulation results are described in the article. The authors considered variants of robot control in case of navigational data corruption. The structure of the system and a method for controlling a mobile robot in case of satellite navigation system failures are also proposed. The method is based on the control mode in the system, according to the measured data of the position of the robot in the case of navigational data corruption or otherwise according to the data calculated from the robot model. The implementation of the method makes it possible to avoid significant deviations of the robot from a given trajectory of movement at intervals of signal loss of the satellite navigation system.

A 2-Level Iterated Tabu Search Algorithm for the Quadratic Assignment Problem

In this paper, a 2-level iterated tabu search (ITS) algorithm for the solution of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is considered. The novelty of the proposed ITS algorithm is that the solution mutation procedures are incorporated within the algorithm, which enable to diversify the search process and eliminate the search stagnation, thus increasing the algorithm’s efficiency. In the computational experiments, the algorithm is examined with various implemented variants of the mutation procedures using the QAP test (sample) instances from the library of the QAP instances – QAPLIB. The results of these experiments demonstrate how the different mutation procedures affect and possibly improve the overall performance of the ITS algorithm.

Architectural Features of Neural Network Forecasting Software Systems with Continuous Training

In recent years, a method of neural network event forecasting has been developed, based on the use of a pair of recurrent neural networks with controlled elements. This method allows you to make predictions without interrupting training. However, for its full use, a reasonable software implementation is necessary. This study considers the problem of searching for a software architecture that implements the method of neural network forecasting with continuous learning. Offers an improved prediction method that significantly reduces the required amount of memory. A procedure for accelerated calculation of the weights of neural network synapses has been developed. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed architectural solutions, a comparative analysis of various variants of software implementations was conducted. In systems developed with the proposed innovations, the requirements for memory and computing resources are much lower than in software implementations of the prototype method. For example, the amount of memory required has decreased by an average of 15 times, and system initialization has taken 16 times less time. At the same time, the strategy of maximum memory saving in such systems proved to be unproductive compared to the combined approach. Based on the obtained comparison results, recommendations are given for the use and choice of architectures depending on the specific tasks facing the end user, and the hardware and software environment in which the forecasting systems are supposed to operate.

Assessment of uncertainties and risks related to implementation of infrastructure projects

The paper considers principles of assessing uncertainties and risks related to realization of infrastructure projects. The procedure for the examination of the proposed infrastructure project should use the methodological toolkit of risk theory, which was developed to assess safety of complex technical systems. A risk-based approach to the assessment of infrastructure projects involves a scenario assessment of the project, taking into account the influence of potential hazardous natural, technological, economic and socio-political factors that can significantly complicate the project implementation. A set of indexes allowing one to assess and compare different variants of the infrastructure project implementation is presented.

MPI vs OpenMP: A case study on parallel generation of Mandelbrot set

Nowadays, some of the most popular tools for parallel programming are Message Passing Interface and Open Multi-Processing. It is of interest to compare these tools in solving the same kind of problems, because of the use of different approaches to inter-task communication. This work attempts to contribute to this goal by running trials in a centralized shared memory architecture in the case of problems with an entirely parallel solution. The selected case study was the parallel computation of Mandelbrot set. Trials were conducted for different iteration limits, processors amount, and C++ implementation variants. The results show better performance in the case of Open Multi-Processing.

Comparative Analysis of the Reliability of Instrumentation and Control Systems Using the Signature Theory

At the present, in the comparative analysis of design decisions from the point of view of system architecture, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the indicators for each solution is performed followed by a comparison of the results. The classical method of calculating reliability is very laborious due to the need to take into account the properties of all elements of the system. One of the tools to quantify the reliability of systems consisting of components with random failure rates that are independent and equally distributed is signature theory. The signature describes the structure of the system and can be combined with ordinal statistics of the component failure time to form conclusions about the reliability of the system and compare several systems according to this criterion. The article provides a comparative analysis of the safety of instrumentation and control system using the classical method of calculating reliability indicators as well as using signature theory. As an example, the article considers a protection system that includes the initiating and executive parts. The system architecture is presented in several simplified versions. The dependences of the probabilities of failures of the “failure on demand” and “spurious actuations” type for each of the architecture implementation variants are obtained. It is concluded that, with the exponential distribution of MTBF, there is a complete correlation of the results of circuit comparison performed using both the classical method of calculating reliability (based on the failure rates of components) and using signature theory. Moreover, the use of signature theory greatly simplifies comparing the reliability of systems and networks consisting of components of the same type.