Implementation Of Sustainable Development Policies Research Articles

Інститут корпоративної звітності: особливості ґенези та проблеми розвитку

Reporting is the main source of information for internal and external stakeholders. It is emphasized that the main purpose of financial statements is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to all investors and creditors in making decisions about the resources of such an entity. However, the emergence of new accounting objects and social and environmental problems of humanity create an information crisis that public financial reporting cannot solve. The contemporary information crisis is not the first in the history of corporate reporting, but it has given rise to problems that cannot be solved by traditional accounting tools – double entry bookkeeping. The reasons for recognizing the imperfection of corporate reporting by the international regulator are identified, which are the insufficient level of satisfaction of all information requests of various stakeholders. It is substantiated that in the context of market globalization, a significant gap has emerged between the market value of companies and their book value, which is presented in consolidated financial statements and general purpose financial statements. In addition, new challenges related to the implementation of sustainable development policies have begun to emerge. These trends are accompanied by the emergence of new stakeholders, in particular, non-profit organizations and civil society, which have begun to formulate their own requests to international and national regulators and companies regarding the environmental impact of their activities. All of this is leading to a crisis in traditional public financial reporting, as there is a need for additional financial and non-financial information that cannot be fully provided by public financial reporting institutions. The purpose of the article is to investigate the development of the institution of corporate reporting in an evolutionary context on the example of European countries (for example Great Britain, France, Germany). Using the historical method, the author has carried out a periodization of the development of corporate reporting as a social institution. Moreover, the paper deals with the features of each corporate reporting development stage. This makes it possible to better understand the nature of the emergence of corporate reporting when studying its essence. The paper type – research paper.

Transformative Social Innovation as a Guideline to Enhance the Sustainable Development Goals’ Framework

To achieve the objectives of reversing ongoing social and environmental degradation, there is an urgent need to accelerate efforts towards more sustainable and regenerative socio-technical systems. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations’ (UN) ambitious 2030 Agenda still face significant challenges. This article explores the role of innovation in accelerating efforts, emphasizing its social and transformative aspects related to governance issues. The research method includes an initial analysis of UN reports on governance challenges. Then, some gaps related to operational aspects are identified in the SDGs’ framework, through a process-oriented view proposed by the authors. The research problem examined from this analysis is whether transformative social innovation (TSI) could help improve the operationalization of SDG indicators. A systematic literature review shows that there are no well-established guidelines to promote TSI in the SDGs’ framework. Based on the findings, this article suggests some targets and indicators linked to TSI to enhance the SDGs’ framework. This study has theoretical and practical implications for future research on leveraging the means of implementation of sustainable development policies.

Ecology for the rich? Class aspects of the green transition and the threat of right-wing populism as a reaction to its costs in Poland

This article sheds light on the class determinants of ecological attitudes and, at the same time, tries to emphasize the general importance of class differentiation for the implementation of sustainable development policies. This is particularly important in Eastern European countries where, for financial reasons, a green transition raises concerns among social groups that may feel threatened by additional socioeconomic costs. Using empirical data collected in Poland, we point out that the challenges, implementation, and social costs of a green transition can be used by populist and nationalist right-wing politicians. At the same time, right-wing populists depict ecological activists as a threat to the interests of “ordinary people” and identify them with the liberal metropolitan elites, detached from the worries of people with lower incomes and residents of traditionalist provinces. In the current conditions, the fear of increases in energy and fuel prices may be another source of support for an anti-ecological right-wing agenda against the “global pressure” of the liberal establishment. This narrative may be particularly attractive in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries in Europe and around the world as it refers not only to ideological arguments but also to the economic interests of “ordinary people.”

Catalyst or Obstacle? Green innovation and total factor energy efficiency

Green innovation possesses dual externalities of “innovation” and “environmental protection”, and enhancing energy efficiency serves as a crucial means to promote high-quality economic development. Building upon the energy rebound effect, we use the balanced panel data of cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2008 to 2018 to explore the impact of urban green innovation on total factor energy efficiency (TFEE). The findings of this study indicate that, firstly, the impact of green innovation on TFEE exhibits a positive U-shaped pattern, characterized by initial suppression followed by subsequent promotion. This conclusion remains robust after undergoing a series of rigorous robustness tests. Second, high-quality green innovation is found to reach the turning point more quickly, implying that substantial green innovation can cross the turning point in smaller quantities. Thirdly, on the whole, in comparison to non-resource-based cities, resource-based cities are capable of reaching the turning point at an earlier stage. Finally, the new energy demonstration cities have not yet reached the turning point, while the non-new energy demonstration cities have crossed the turning point. This study contributes novel insights into the relationship between green innovation and TFEE, which holds significant implications for the formulation and implementation of sustainable development policies.

LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE MAPPING FROM SENTINEL 1B < 2A IMAGERY USING RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Monitoring crop condition, soil properties, and mapping tillage activities can be used to assess land use, forecast crops, monitor seasonal changes, and contribute to the implementation of sustainable development policy. Agricultural maps can provide independent and objective estimates of the extent of crops in a given area or growing season, which can be used to support efforts to ensure food security in vulnerable areas. Satellite data can help detect and classify different types of soil. The evolution of satellite remote sensing technologies has transformed techniques for monitoring the Earth’s surface over the last several decades. The European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Union (EU) created the Copernicus program, which resulted in the European satellites Sentinel-1B (S1B) and Sentinel-2A (S2A), which allow the collection of multi-temporal, spatial, and highly repeatable data, providing an excellent opportunity for the study of land use, land cover, and change. The goal of this study is to map the land cover of Côte d’Ivoire’s West Central Soubre area (5°47′1′′ North, 6°35′38′′ West) between 2014 and 2020. The method is based on a combination of S1B and S2A imagery data, as well as three types of predictors: the biophysical indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index “(NDVI)”, Modified Normalized Difference Water Index “(MNDWI)”, Normalized Difference Urbanization Index “(NDBI)”, and Normalized Difference Water Index “(NDWI)”, as well as spectral bands (B1, B11, B2, B3, B4, B6, B7, B8) and polarization coefficients VV. For the period 2014–2020, six land classifications have been established: Thick_Forest, Clear_Drill, Urban, Water, Palm_Oil, Bareland, and Cacao_Land. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm with 60 numberOfTrees was the primary categorization approach used in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results show that the RF classification performed well, with outOfBagErrorEstimates of 0.0314 and 0.0498 for 2014 and 2020, respectively. The classification accuracy values for the kappa coefficients were above 95%: 96.42% in 2014 and 95.28% in 2020, with an overall accuracy of 96.97% in 2014 and 96 % in 2020. Furthermore, the User Accuracy (UA) and Producer Accuracy (PA) values for the classes were frequently above 80%, with the exception of the Bareland class in 2020, which achieved 79.20%. The backscatter coefficients of the S1B polarization variables had higher GINI significance in 2014: VH (70.80) compared to VH (50.37) in 2020; and VV (57.11) in 2014 compared to VV (46.17) in 2020. Polarization coefficients had higher values than the other spectral and biophysical variables of the three predictor variables. During the study period, the Thick_Forest (35.90% ± 1.17), Palm_Oil (57.59% ± 1.48), and Water (5.90% ± 0.47) classes experienced a regression in area, while the Clear_Drill (16.96% ± 0.80), Urban (2.32% ± 0.29), Bareland (83.54% ± 1.79), and Cacao_Land (35.14% ± 1.16) classes experienced an increase. The approach used is regarded as excellent based on the results obtained.

DEFICITS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN THE PERM KRAI MUNICIPALITIES: CASES OF KRASNOKAMSK AND NYTVA URBAN DISTRICTS

The article is devoted to the analysis of limitations and deficits within the framework of the administrative implementation of sustainable development policy at the municipal level (using the examples of municipalities of the Perm Krai - Nytva urban district and Krasnokamsk urban district). The key research methods are sociological survey techniques: expert interviews, interviews with representatives of municipal authorities and the municipal public. The results of the study partially confirmed the main theoretical hypotheses. Deficits of human and material resources are among the key factors limiting the implementation of sustainable development policy in the municipalities under study. A number of additional factors of administrative, financial, and legal nature are also significant limitations. Rigid vertical administrative policy has an indirect effect, and the hypothesis in this regard was only partially confirmed.

Application of a genetic algorithm in solving problems of environmental protection in agro-industrial production

The study is devoted to the problems of environmental protection in agro-industrial production. The purpose of the work is to identify the main aspects of the negative impact of agro-industrial complexes on natural resources and to develop effective strategies to reduce environmental impact. The research methodology includes an analysis of the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and water resources, as well as an assessment of their impact on soil, water bodies and the atmosphere. The results obtained make it possible to identify key factors influencing the level of pollution and determine the prospects for the introduction of eco-technologies in agricultural production. The study provides important information for the development and implementation of sustainable development policies in the agro-industrial sector, taking into account the balance between food production and environmental conservation.

Development of a Green Competency Matrix Based on Civil Servants’ Perception of Sustainable Development Expertise

This paper analysed the responses of 242 civil servants collected during a survey for public authorities personnel with management or executive responsibilities. The survey focused on the perception of respondents regarding the key competencies and the utility of the sustainability development expert occupation (SDE). Based on the assumption that the responses were influenced by multiple factors, the impact of perceptual theory, agency theory and sustainability theory calibrated the analysis of the collected data. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of the received responses and multinominal logistic regression with a single dichotomous variable (Regulation Awareness) and several continuous predictor variables (Specialization, Knowledge, Attributions and Competence) was employed to determine to what extent the SDE occupation would contribute to the implementation of sustainable development policies. This paper argues that the ‘green’ competency matrix appropriate for the implementation of sustainable development policies should include executive, compliance promoting, ethical and reporting competencies. The creation of a green competency matrix is an important step toward changing the organisational culture of the public or private sectors to achieve sustainable and reliable development. This research can help organizations and public authorities understand where their efforts should be focused to efficiently incorporate sustainability development into their systems.

Assessing regional implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 9 “Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation” in Poland

The paper deals with an immensely important and topical issue related to the implementation of sustainable development policies at the regional level. It focuses on assessing the level of sustainability in building stable infrastructure, promoting sustainable industrialization, and fostering innovation between 2015 and 2021 at the regional level in Poland. The areas included in the assessment relate to Goal 9 of the UN Agenda 2030 adopted by member states. The basis for the assessment was a developed research methodology based on a selected set of 19 indicators characterizing the development of innovation, industrialization and infrastructure at the regional level. The research covered 16 regions (provinces) in Poland from 2015 to 2021. In addition to determining the dynamics of change of individual indicators, characterizing the rate of change of the sustainable economy in these 16 regions, their ranking was created, reflecting the status of implementation of Goal 9 of the Agenda. The ranking was made using the developed new approach to analyzing a multi-criteria problem based on the MCDM methodology. The CODAS and CoCoSo methods and the Laplace criterion were used to determine the final value of the index for assessing the level of sustainable development of regions. Meanwhile, the values of the indicator weights were determined based on the Shannon Entropy and CRITIC methods and the aforementioned criterion. The determined index values formed the basis for making a ranking of the studied regions and assessing their level of development. The result of this process was their division into four classes differing in the level of achievement of Goal 9 of the Agenda. With the use of non-parametric tests (Kendall's Rank and Spearman Rank), an evaluation was carried out of the relationship between the values of the determined index and selected economic and social parameters characterizing the studied regions between 2015 and 2021. The results show that Poland is highly differentiated both temporally and spatially at the regional level. Throughout the entire analyzed period, the high level of development in the assessed scope was reported for the Masovia, Lower Silesia and Pomerania provinces, and the low level – for the Holy Cross Province. The results also confirm the relationship between a high degree of innovation, industrialization and stable infrastructure and economic development and living standards. The results show regions that need a decision on their nature and the role they are to play in the national and European economy.

Sustainable Development: Problems in Understanding and Implementation


 From the perspective of the dominant economic theory, as long as economic growth brings more benefits than costs expressed in monetary units, such growth should be supported. On the other hand, this theoretical approach ignored not only the natural environment's limited capacities but also anomalies in economic growth that lead to increased inequality in the distribution of income and wealth, as well as poverty. The topic of this study is the definition of sustainable development, which aims to encompass the economic, social, and ecological dimension of human activities as well as problems in the implementation of sustainable development policies at the supranational, national, and local level.

Approaches to Implementing Ecosystem Climate Projects in Russia

Russia is developing a legal framework for the Paris Agreement implementation. In Russian strategic documents, there is no consistency in measures and quantitative indicators to reduce emissions and increase absorption of greenhouse gases. The main focus on forests and other ecosystems through the implementation of climate change mitigation projects also raises questions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the goal and place of these projects within the framework of a national low-carbon policy, and to analyze the opportunities and limitations of such projects in Russia. The main criteria are the additionality, conservative baselines, and minimization of risks (leakage, non-permanence, cessation of project funding, reversion). Ecosystem projects are high-risk compared to industrial projects, while the climate component of project activities occurs only in the long-term preservation of the result. The project’s goal in Russia to refine mitigation technologies based on sustainable management of natural ecosystems: the results lead to the multiple benefits including ecosystem services of the territory, biodiversity and adaptation to climate change. Therefore, their attractiveness in the implementation of sustainable development policies of companies and the state is growing. Given the additional nature, projects will not be able to provide a significant quantitative contribution to mitigation, but can provide a tool to achieve that. At the initial stage of the Russian carbon market it is necessary to allow only reliable and transparent projects (reforestation and afforestation with mixed species; improved forest management of managed forests; management of previously unmanaged forests; restoration of wetlands/grassland ecosystems; conservation of soil carbon of agricultural lands; biochar inputs to soils). Projects such as forest conservation from logging and monoculture plantations require a separate regulatory framework to prevent tampering and minimize threats to local natural ecosystems.

Implementation of Sustainable Development Policies in the Environmental Sector Based on e-Governance in Riau Province

This study aims to analyze the application of e-governance in supporting the implementation of environmentally sustainable development policies in Riau Province and the factors that influence it. The research used descriptive qualitative methods using primary data collected through focus group discussions and secondary data collected through documentation techniques. The results of the study found that the Local Government of Riau Province has consistently and continuously implemented environmentally sustainable development through the Riau Hijau program. Egovernance has been well implemented in implementing Riau Hijau by collaboration between the government, the private sectors, and the civil society to succeed Riau Hijau supported using information and communication technology (ICT). The supporting factors for the application of e-governance in supporting the implementation of environmental sustainable development policies in Riau Province were: the local government’s high commitment and consistency; the existence of supporting policies both macro and micro that are clear, sustainable, and systematic; policy implementers really understand the details of Riau Hijau; Riau Hijau has clear and measurable target groups and benefits; Riau Hijau is operationalized in various concrete and systematic projects and activities; Riau Hijau is supported by adequate financial resources and infrastructures; and Riau Hijau is supported by various local agencies. The inhibiting factors were that not all the relevant stakeholders make optimal use of the existing ICT facilities; there are inadequate ICT facilities and infrastructures in some areas in Riau Province; and problems in environmental issues. Based on these findings, this study recommends optimizing the use of ICT for all Riau Hijau stakeholders, and there needs to be an increase and equity of ICT facilities and infrastructures.
 Keywords: sustainable development, environment, Riau Hijau, e-governance

Політики сталого розвитку міст і регіонів ЄС в умовах децентралізації: теоретико-методологічний аспект

Abstract. Introduction. EU countries are developing effective strategies for achieving the goals of sustainable development at different levels in connection with the processes of decentralization and within the synergy of different policies. The author is considering the challenges of globalization which humanity can face with in the EU in the context of creating opportunities based on sustainable development. Purpose. The purpose of the article is developing the conceptual foundations, structuring and methodological foundations of ensuring policies for the sustainable development of EU cities and regions in conditions of decentralization. Results. It was determined that the sustainable development policy of the EU and EU member states is characterized by vertical levels of implementation of sustainable development policies which are aimed to achieve global, national and subnational (regional and local) development in relation to the processes of political, administrative and fiscal decentralization. Separate integrated policy provides horizontal components of implementation (economic, social, environmental) within the scope of ensuring sustainable development goals (SDGs). The authors consider decentralization processes as legal, administrative and financial basis for the effective implementation of sustainable development policies in the EU. An important synergistic component of the implementation of sustainable development policies are regional and local Programs. According to this, institutions of various levels have been created in the EU to consolidate the efforts of governments and states. The EU has created a methodology for calculating integrated indicators of the social, economic and environmental dimensions. On the basis of the methodology is constantly carried out monitoring and evaluation of indicators for achieving operational goals. The EU follows a policy of standardization, which is successful thanks to cooperation with international organizations. Conclusions. The viability and modernity of EU sustainable development policies are indisputable because of the issue of achieving the goals of sustainable development is in the field of view of constantly operating conferences and discussion clubs. A feature, which characterizes the sustainable development policies of regions and cities, is reasonable specialization to achieve sustainable development of communities in connection with innovativeness and scientific foundations of development.

Evaluation of Sustainable Development Policy of Sichuan Citrus Industry in China Based on DEA–Malmquist Index and DID Model

The citrus industry is an important fruit industry, with the widest cultivation area and the most crucial economic status in southern China. Evaluating the sustainable development of citrus industry is the basis for accurately grasping the food safety situation and scientifically formulating industrial development policies. This research aims to evaluate the sustainable development policies of citrus industry in 20 citrus-growing cities and states in Sichuan province in China from two dimensions of efficiency and effect. To this end, this study develops a DEA–Malmquist index and DID model using city and state panel data from 2009–2020. The results have the following implications: (1) The low technical efficiency and technological progress index together cause the general inefficiency of citrus production in Sichuan cities and states, and the improper scale of inputs is the main reason for the low technical efficiency. (2) The implementation of sustainable development policies has increased citrus total factor productivity and widened the gap between cities and states in Sichuan. (3) Excessive production factors and financial inputs have hindered the sustainable development of the Sichuan citrus industry.

Reduce Carbon footprint in Rawalpindi Pakistan

In developing countries such as Pakistan, atmospheric pollution has become a disaster. This study's objective was to observe and evaluate the air quality in the 15-million-person combined population of the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan. The quantities of particulate pollution, as well as CO2, were measured in five different cities. There are now far too many types and sources of pollution from numerous air pollutants. However, due to an absence of management skills for air pollution, the world is currently facing diminishing air quality. The ecosystem, public health, and quality of life are all seriously threatened by air pollution, according to facts from multiple governmental organizations and foreign organizations. Through the Pakistan Environmental Protection Program, the Pakistani government has implemented important strides toward air quality management, including the establishment of few active monitoring stations. However, there are currently no standards for environmental protection. This paper examines the standards for air pollutants from observational studies. Five main air pollutants—NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and PM2—were taken into consideration. Our findings show that under the baseline scenario, Existing air pollution in Pakistan management efforts are inadequate to achieve the nation's air quality criteria. By 2050, the percentage of deaths caused by PM2.5 will be 24% lower nationwide because of the implementation of sustainable development policies. Innovative standard precautions can improve Pakistan's air quality and public health, but when associated with foreign long-term new developments, they can also lower greenhouse gas emissions (implementing SDG 13's indicator on climate action) and save about a quarter of GDP (0.32% of GDP) on costs associated with emission control by 2050. It seems to have a substantial co-benefit in terms of cost (economic), health (social), and air pollution (environmental), suggesting that Pakistani public policy should consider a co-control at a low cost of greenhouse gases and air pollution in the future.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of financial decentralization on the implementation of sustainable development policy by local self-government bodies in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of EU countries. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the study: - analysis and synthesis to calculate the indicators of formation and distribution of financial resources of local budgets of Ukraine; - theoretical generalization to improve the categorical apparatus; - scientific abstraction and formalization to determine the responsibility of local self-government bodies for achieving the SDGs in Ukraine; - comparative analysis to identify the unique experience of EU countries and its application in Ukraine; - correlation analysis to assess the stochastic relationship between financial decentralization indicators and the SDGs indicators. Findings. In the course of the conducted analysis of the impact of financial decentralization on the achievement of the SDGs of Ukraine, it is found that local self-government bodies, which manage 35 % of public finances, are responsible for achieving strategic objectives in the context of six Goals (35.3 %). It is substantiated that at the regional level, in 2015–2021, the greatest progress was made in overcoming poverty, with a positive trend in 84 % of the strategic objectives (sub-objectives); progress in achieving the strategic objectives of quality education was 64.3%; progress in achieving good health and well-being – 62.5%; progress in achieving sustainable development of cities and communities and partnerships for sustainable development – 55 %; progress in reducing inequality, peace and justice and strong institutions – 50 %. It is proved that the achievement of the SDGs at the regional level is characterized by satisfactory progress in the context of decentralization. Originality. The author’s own methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of sustainable regional development policy in the context of local self-government decentralization is proposed on the basis of maximizing the numerical value of the pairwise correlation coefficient between the relevant indicator of financial decentralization and the indicator of the SDG and synchronizing their focus on solving the target task. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in governmental monitoring of the contribution of local self-government to the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the context of martial law. Key words: sustainable development, goal, financial decentralization, financial autonomy, local budget, local self-government body.

ESG (ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, GOVERNANCE) И НЕФИНАНСОВАЯ ОТЧЕТНОСТЬ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ В МИРЕ И РОССИИ

The scientific article examines historical aspects, the concept of ESG, the most important issues of the trajectory of development of reporting of companies and organizations in order to disclose ESG information in the context of the implementation of sustainable development policies. The high relevance of this problem and the degree of its development in the world and in Russia are substantiated. An analysis of the prerequisites for the creation of unified global standards for non-financial reporting (NF) and the initiatives already implemented has been carried out. The article highlights the desire for sustainable development around the world, explores the financial benefits of preparing non-financial reporting, also explores the possible prospects for sustainable development and the problems that users of non-financial reporting (NF) will have to face and the role of independent auditors in detailed disclosure and confirmation of the degree of reliability of indicators , information in non-financial reporting.

Напрями удосконалення операційного менеджменту в контексті забезпечення сталого розвитку організації

The article outlines that improvement of operational management to ensure sustainable development of an enterprise is an integral part of success in modern business environment. Taking into account the aspects of sustainability allows enterprises to achieve efficiency, reduce costs, improve product quality and customer satisfaction, as well as reduce negative impact on the environment, while contributing to the social development of society. The essence of the category of operational management was investigated in the article. It has been established that compliance with the policy of sustainable development correlates with the field of functional activity of this type of management in the context of increasing globalisation, digitalisation and riskiness of economic activity. Key environmental practices that contribute to strengthening the economic and financial sustainability of organisations, primarily the use of environmentally friendly technologies, reduction of emissions and pollution, efficient use of resources and waste recycling to ensure environmental sustainability were analysed. The authors outline main directions of improvement of the operational management system with consideration of the sustainable development policy. An important step in this process is the analysis and determination of key performance indicators, which allows enterprises to focus on achieving specific goals and assess the effectiveness of their operations in the direction of sustainable development. The next stage in ensuring economic sustainability is the implementation of a sustainability-oriented quality management system, which includes defining quality standards, procedures for monitoring and improving product quality in compliance with environmental norms and standards. The implementation of a sustainability-based quality management system contributes to the production of consistent quality products, reduction of waste and improved customer satisfaction. The authors see another area of operational management improvement in optimising the supply chain and establishing cooperation with suppliers who support sustainability policies. Improving supply chain management processes ensures efficiency and sustainability in the supply chain, reduces risks and optimises logistics. Process improvement and innovation play a significant role in the implementation of sustainable development policy in the organisation's activities, as it involves continuous process improvement, introduction of the latest technologies and innovations aimed at preserving the environment, ensuring labour safety and meeting social needs. The article emphasises that operating on the basis of social responsibility with improved attitude towards staff, consumers and other stakeholder groups emphasises the organisation's understanding of its role in the social development of society and strengthens its competitive position in the market.

INVESTMENT ACTIVITY AS A DIRECTION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. The article reveals the scientific vision of investment activity as a direction of implementation of the State policy of sustainable development. Goal of the article is to substantiate the consideration of investment activity and its activation not only as objects of investment policy, but also as a policy of sustainable development. Research methods: to prove the significance, determine the place and role of investment activity in the implementation of sustainable development policy, a systematic approach, statistical methods, analysis and synthesis methods were used. Results: the content of the concept of "investment activity" is revealed. It is clarified and substantiated that the purpose of investment activity, in addition to obtaining commercial and social benefits, should include the environmental effect. The content of the components of sustainable development of society is disclosed. They represent a triune concept of sustainable ecological, social and economic development, the implementation of which requires a clear policy and specific actions on the part of the State as a public institution, based on the principles of democracy, openness, public participation, economic, social and environmental efficiency. It is stated that the movement of our country along the path of sustainable development is laid down in the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine - 2020". It is argued that the vectors of development, security, responsibility and pride defined by the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine - 2020" require investment activity and its intensification. It is proved that the need for development of organizations of various types as elements of the Ukrainian economy, and their production of quality products and services makes organizations search for new management technologies, production methods, and new products. The instrument of such development is their investment policy and investment activity. It is emphasized that the investment policy of an organization should be implemented in accordance with other types of state policy (social, environmental, tax, local development policy, etc.), be documented, be information accessible to investors, and adapt to changes in the external environment (institutional, infrastructural, investment, etc.). It is noted that real investments are the way to implement investments in the fixed assets of organizations, and their form, for example, is the ecological modernization of production, the introduction of environmental technologies. The author summarizes that the main entity establishing the "rules of the game" for investment activity is the State. It develops and implements both investment and other types of policies (sustainable development to harmonize economic, social and environmental activities of various management and regulatory entities; financial and budgetary - to create a fair tax environment; regional - to stimulate regional development and create appropriate living conditions for the population; and entrepreneurship regulation - to create a favorable business environment, stimulate business growth, and technological development of production). Thus, investment activity and its intensification should be the result of the implementation of not only investment policy at various levels, but also a direction for the implementation of other policies, in particular, the policy of sustainable development.

Cycling As an Element of Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Case Study of Poland

The introduction of solutions supporting the implementation of sustainable development policy is an important and topical issue. One of the important areas of this concept is sustainable mobility, which is considered both on an international, national and local scale. Sustainable urban mobility can be considered both in the context of environmental protection and the need to ensure efficient, economic and safe urban transport. Cycling transport, whose role has recently increased considerably, deserves attention.