Implementation Of National Policy Research Articles

THE USE OF TELESSAÚDE TO IMPROVE HEALTH SERVICES

Objective: to identify the impacts of telessaúde in the health field. Methods: an integrative literature review study was conducted through the databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Nursing Database (BDENF). Results: regarding the thematic approach of the articles, the framework of the productions raised in two categories focused on the importance of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in auditing and the second addresses the importance of ICT in health in general. Conclusion: in view of the studies analyzed, it is understood that telessaúde, as a strategy, has a significant potential to expand and qualify access to health care, continuing education and the promotion of the quality of life of the population in different locations. The implementation of national policies and specific legislation are important for the progress of telessaúde initiatives in the different scenarios.

Multimodal Linguistic Landscape in Lombok: A Case Study of Product Branding

A study of writing a language in a public area is known as the linguistic landscape. This research aims to map language choices (monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual) on food products in Lombok and analyze the interconnections between the implementation of national, regional, and foreign language policies on food products in Lombok. The multimodal approach can describe more about the language landscape, including the meaning and function of public writing. This multimodal concept views signs as a form of visual communication that is definite and non-arbitrary. Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are explored as a case study in creative linguistic marketing about local interactions and global forces on the linguistic landscape. These MSMEs use various semiotic sources of regional languages, foreign languages, local wisdom, and inclusive spirit as an introduction and production process. Through linguistic analysis of landscapes, researchers examine systems of signs, images, and texts within a semiotic framework. The uniqueness of this study is what makes it unique to researchers because it has rich local meaning in context. This research describes not only MSMEs but also semiotic landscapes that contribute to understanding changes in sociolinguistic patterns and creativity in the branding of MSME products in the Lombok region.

The Application of Machine Learning for Creating a Typology of Universities' Financial Models

This study presents an application of machine learning for creating a typology of Russian universities’ financial models. Large-scale national initiatives aimed at enhancing human potential and academic excellence, such as Project 5-100, university-industry consortia, world class research center programs as well as the Priority-2030 program, require relevant financial and management accounting tools enabling appropriate analyses of universities’ contribution to national scientific policy implementation. However, when conventional financial analysis and audit techniques are adopted from the corporate sector, they may prove to be irrelevant for assessing the societal impacts of universities. Existing impact study methods, such as those applied in the Russell Group universities’ impact assessment, are expensive and time consuming, so promising machine learning techniques and existing open data from government information systems were used in this study to assess universities’ financial models.

Analysis of the Impact and Prospects of the Street Stall Economy on Urban Development Taking Chengdu as an Example

The commerce of street stalls has existed since ancient times. The economy of street stalls has gradually migrated from the countryside to the cities and become more prosperous as the nation has developed. Currently, the stall economy provides new employment opportunities. Following the implementation of pertinent national policies, the safety of products sold at street stalls has significantly improved. The outbreak of the epidemic has had a negative impact on the economy of the country, and the street stall economy can help stabilize the economy, create more employment, and adapt better to the environment. As the first city in China to develop a street stall economy, Chengdu created the miracle of "driving 100,000 people to work overnight" and was praised by Premier Li Keqiang for its effectiveness in solving employment problems during the two sessions of the National People's Congress. However, in the process of developing a street stall economy, some urban governance issues still need to be addressed. This paper examines the development of Chengdu's ground-stall economy and its impact on urban development, as well as the future of the ground-stall economy's administration, through a review and analysis of the relevant literature.

Governing early childhood education and care quality development among diverse private ECEC providers in Norway

ABSTRACT This article sheds light on governance mechanisms at work when decentralised implementation of national educational and welfare policies encounters a heterogeneous sector of private service provider organisations. It illuminates how isomorphic pressure plays out at the interface between local governance and private providers’ organisational strategies for quality development in early childhood education and care (ECEC). Key informant interviews are employed to investigate the function of local non-mandatory quality and competence-developing networks (QCDNs) as a locus for these interactions. Findings indicate that QCDNs contribute to shaping private ECEC providers’ quality development efforts, and that coercive, normative, and mimetic isomorphic pressures become intertwined in this process. Most private provider organisations choose to participate in these non-mandatory networks. However, ECEC corporations and small private providers assign different meanings to their participation, and the networks thus appear to spur different organisational strategies. While small private providers harmoniously align their ECEC quality development strategies with institutionalised municipal practice, the provider corporations, while in formal compliance, exploit the resulting inter-municipal variation as one argument among many for more stringent national governmental standardisation. We demonstrate how isomorphic pressure may create and enable an impetus for endogenous and gradual institutional change agency.

Gaps and Opportunities for Strengthening In-School Support for Youth Living With HIV.

With optimized antiretroviral treatment youth living with HIV (YLH) now spend most of their time in schools, making schools an important venue to optimize outcomes. We evaluated school support for YLH. We conducted surveys with public secondary/high schools in 3 Kenyan counties (Nairobi, Homa Bay, and Kajiado) to determine policies and training related to HIV. Chi-squared tests and Poisson regression were used to compare policy availability and staff training by county HIV prevalence and school type. Of 512 schools in the 3 counties, we surveyed 100. The majority (60%) of schools surveyed had boarding facilities. The median student population was 406 (IQR: 200, 775). Only half (49%) of schools had medication use policies; more in boarding than day schools (65% vs 30%, p = .003). While most schools (82%) had clinic attendance policies; policy availability was higher in higher HIV prevalence counties (Homa Bay [100%], Nairobi [82%], Kajiado [56%], p < .05). Overall, 64% had confidentiality policies with higher policy availability in higher HIV prevalence regions (p < .05). Few schools had staff trained in HIV-related topics: HIV prevention (37%), HIV treatment (18%), HIV stigma reduction (36%). Few were trained in confidentiality (41%), psychosocial support (40%), or mental health (26%). Compared to day schools, boarding school were more likely to have staff trained in HIV prevention (prevalence ratio: 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.0, 4.0], p = .037). In this survey of Kenyan schools, there were notable gaps in HIV care policy availability and training, despite high HIV burden. Development and implementation of national school HIV policies and staff training as well as strengthening clinic and family support may improve outcomes for YLH.

Ecosystems of Italy. Updated mapping and typology for the implementation of national and international biodiversity-related policies

A second version of the Ecosystems Map of Italy is presented that updates the one realized for the Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) process. The map represents a renewed reference for the implementation of biodiversity-related policies in the country, including the Red List of Ecosystems, Ecosystem Accounting under the UN System of integrated Environmental and Economic Accounts, EU Nature Restoration Law, and, more in general, for the support of planning initiatives aimed at climate change adaptation and recovery of degraded ecosystems in keeping with restoration ecology principles. The mapping approach recalled the earlier rationale, i.e. that current and potential vegetation are valuable proxies for outlining ecosystems, but basic information on land cover and characterization of types have been updated. Additionally, a detailed description of the mapping procedure is provided that may facilitate replication in time, validation processes and comparison with different maps. The crosswalk between the Italian ecosystem typology and other classification systems, already available for Corine Land Cover and EUNIS habitats, was therefore revised and complemented with respect to the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology. Finally, future perspectives for a regular updating of the map and further improvement of its geometric and thematic detail are sketched.

ANALYSIS AND IMPACT OF APIA ACTIVITY ON DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN ROMANIA

Agriculture is a very important sector for Romania, providing food and products of vegetable and animal origin, jobs for people in villages and business opportunities for enterprises and investors. Romania's agricultural area is in permanent change, influenced by European money that was attracted through support measures and community policies, and environmental protection and the need to ensure a sustainable development of agriculture in Romania made the activity of the Agency for Payments and Intervention for Agriculture (APIA) stands out as an important factor in aligning modern agriculture with the environment. Through this study, we aim to analyze the way in which APIA promotes sustainable agricultural practices and provides support to farmers to protect the environment and whether the agency's activity has brought benefits to the economic development of Romania and Neamț County. We thus demonstrate the important role that the agency has for the economy, for supporting farmers and agricultural producers in Romania, but also for the country's agricultural policy, the institution participating in the development and implementation of national agricultural policies and strategies, as well as in the process of negotiating subsidies and projects within the European Union (EU) agricultural financing system.

Achieving Sustainable Development: Balancing Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction and Poverty Alleviation in Less Developed Countries

Carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂) reduction and poverty have always been conflicting subjects regarding national policy implementation, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs). Based on energy consumption as a driving mechanism, this study investigates whether reducing CO₂ aggravates poverty in LDCs. To achieve this aim we analyze a 30-year panel data of 15 LDCs and deploy fixed-effects regression models. We used two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions to address endogeneity concerns. Our results suggest that (CO₂) emission has a negative relationship with poverty, which means reducing CO₂ emissions increases poverty in LDCs. Our results provide important implications for policymakers, showing that a green structural transformation implementation that highlights the balance between environmental protection and economic development would be recommended for LDCs.

Preservation of ethnocultural diversity and fairness in interethnic relations in the estimations of the population of the south of Russia

The article examines views on the issue of preserving and reproducing ethnocultural diversity in the context of multicultural regions in Southern Russia, within the framework of the perception of the implementation of the state's national policy in the categories of social justice in interethnic relations. The authors consider this issue within the discourse of public policy and the everyday perception of ethnic groups residing in Southern Russia. The article is based on materials from exploratory sociological research conducted through questionnaire surveys of the population in the regions of Southern Russia, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with experts in the field of implementing the state's national policy (government officials, scholars, researchers, diaspora representatives). The research covered five regions of Southern Russia (Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic).&#x0D; The article analyses perceptions of ethnocultural diversity in the context of justice in interethnic relations at the regional level. It also explores the connection between identification and socio-psychological characteristics (subjective assessments of violations of rights based on nationality) and the conviction of ethnic groups regarding the observance of justice while preserving the cultural diversity of their people in the region of residence (culture, language, and the development of ethnocultural infrastructure).&#x0D; The conducted analysis reveals that issues related to the preservation and development of ethnocultural diversity hold a prominent position in the population's views in the Southern Russian regions regarding the fair regulation of interethnic relations. Points of contention that translate social tension into interethnic tension often revolve around questions of historical memory linked to various forms of ethnic-based deprivation. It is established that the demand for the reproduction of ethnocultural diversity in the regions of Southern Russia is determined by the subjective experience of perceiving violations of rights based on nationality, assessments of justice in managing interethnic relations by the state, and the respondent's type of identity. The core understanding of justice for ethnic groups is linked to sociocultural aspects, and their demand for preserving culture, language, and traditions, regardless of their region of residence, is associated with concerns about their potential loss.

Climate Legislation and Legal Relations: Current State and Development Prospects Within the National Security Framework

The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the current paradigm of development of national climate legislation and legal relations within the Europeanization framework. The subject of the study is the analysis of international legal norms, national legislation and judicial practice in the aspect of adaptation to climate change. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive, integrated study and analysis of the provisions of legal acts from the standpoint of the formation of climate legal relations in the context of ensuring national security. The chosen goal has led to the setting and solution of such tasks as: a) consideration of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the emergence and formation of climate legal relations; b) study of the current provisions of environmental and legal doctrine with regard to the need for adaptation to climate change; c) outlining the ways to improve and further systematize national climate legislation in the context of European integration and sustainable development. The methodological basis of the study is formed by general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena: dialectical, historical and legal, formal and logical, systemic and structural, theoretical and prognostic, comparative legal, formal and legal, interpretation of legal provisions, legal modeling, etc. The author examines the peculiarities of the formation of climate legal relations which are closely related to environmental and security legal relations, along with energy, agricultural, etc. It is proved that they are gradually being formed and distinguished into an independent interdisciplinary institution of environmental, energy, agrarian, environmental security law, as well as international and EU law, which is likely to become an independent branch of public law in the future. The article emphasizes that the development and implementation of national climate policy (especially in the context of regulatory and legal support) should be fully based on the fundamental provisions of the EU climate policy. The author considers the issues of judicial protection of climate human rights and humanity in case of non-fulfillment of policy and program documents and non-compliance with international obligations by the State. The problems of compensation for climate damage and the impact of climate change on migration processes (climate migration) are outlined. It is argued that modern climate policy should be built on a cross-sectoral level to ensure the preservation of ecosystems, landscape and biological diversity, accelerate the transition to low-carbon energy saving systems, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, expand the use of renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency, and increase the adaptive potential of natural resources to climate change.

Construction of the Evaluation Index System for the Sustainable Development of Primary School Campus Football in Shaanxi Province, China

Background and Aim: This study expounds the theoretical framework for constructing the evaluation index system for the sustainable development of elementary school football in Shaanxi Province, including the final evaluation index system and evaluation methods. The main objective of this research was to develop the evaluation index system for football in elementary schools in China’s Shaanxi province. Materials and Methods: The populations of this research include educational experts, physical education experts, teachers or university teachers, experts in the direction of football, campus football managers, and football coaches. Consult 5 experts through questionnaires and then using the Delphi method, the expert questionnaires were distributed to 19 experts, and two rounds of questionnaires were distributed and collected to screen out the core indicators and then determine the index weight of the sustainable development evaluation system of primary school football in Shaanxi Province, finally use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the sustainable development ability of Xi'an primary school football. Result: (1) Construct the sustainable development evaluation index system for primary school football in Shaanxi Province, including 4 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 48 third-level indicators. (2) The first-level indicator, "organizational leadership and policy" is higher than the other three indicators, accounting for 31%. The second-level indicators, the weight of the four indicators of "implementation of national policies", "improvement of rules and regulations", "physical education hours", and "campus football culture" all exceed 10%, and there should be more support and supervision in the development process. Among the third-level indicators, the weight of the two indicators of "after-school training and competition rules and regulations" and "the number of football-themed campus cultural activities" exceeds 5%. The weight of the six indicators of "Rules and Regulations", "Number of Weeks", "Length of a Single Class", and "Extracurricular Activities" exceeds 3.5%. Conclusion: The research findings were: (1) There are 65 indicators of first-level, second-level, and third-level sustainable development of primary school campus football in Shaanxi Province, China. (2) Determine the weight ratio of indicators at all levels. (3) Through empirical research, the level of sustainable development ability of campus football in primary schools in Xi'an is obtained.

Intergovernmental relations and national education policy implementation in Lagos State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Intergovernmental relations (IGR), the interaction among multiple levels of government, is an essential factor in implementing public policy in federations. Effective collaboration among numerous agencies of government is necessary for achieving policy goals. This study investigated the IGR framework as an essential factor in implementing the National Policy on Primary Education (NPPE) in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was guided by administrative federalism theory and primary data were collected using in-depth interviews. This was complemented with secondary data from the scholarly literature and official publications. Data obtained were content analyzed. Findings from the study indicate that intergovernmental relations in Lagos State were characterized by a low level of trust between the implementing agencies, which undermined the achievement of the primary education policy goals. Increased dialogue among officials of the levels of government to achieve the buy-in of all implementing agencies would raise the level of trust needed for effective collaboration.

S4-3 Protocol for assessing implementation of physical activity policies by national governments using the Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI)

Abstract Purpose The implementation of physical activity policies has been slow and uneven. As a remedy, the World Health Organization has recommended that national policy implementation should be supported with practical tools and guidance. The Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI) is a tool that allows the extent of policy implementation to be assessed. It comprises a list of good practice policy indicators. These are categorized into eight policy domains targeting aspects of the physical activity environment and seven infrastructure support domains for strengthening physical activity policy systems. This protocol provides researchers with guidance on how to use this tool. Project Guided by a protocol developed by the International Network for Food and Obesity / Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS), the PA-EPI protocol. The INFORMAS protocol was modified based on the research teams experience carrying out the first study utilising the PA-EPI tool. A multi-step process is recommended. This process relies upon the identification of two groups of partners: national policymakers and independent stakeholders tasked with the promotion of physical activity directly and/or indirectly. During the early steps of the process the desk-based research is undertaken to identify information about and evidence of physical activity policy implementation- the PA-EPI Evidence Document. This mapped information is presented to the national policymakers to verify that it is valid and comprehensive. Subsequently, the evidence of implementation is presented to the stakeholders who, using a 5-point Likert scale (1-little or none to 5 high), individually rate the extent of policy implementation in practice. These individual ratings are aggregated and a implementation scorecard is generated displaying the extent of implementation of each of the good practice indicators Stakeholder then engage in an expert workshop to review implementation scores, and identify key policy implementation recommendations which are presented to government. Conclusions The process of conducting a policy implementation assessment using the PA-EPI requires the cooperation of several stakeholders as part of a national coalition. It is envisioned that PA-EPI assessments will enable international cross comparison. This will promote learning from international best practice.

S10-3 Research on policy audits for promoting physical activity at the local level in Japan

Abstract Purpose Increasing levels of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) requires a comprehensive policy framework across all political levels. At the local level, Japan has a two-tier system of government: prefectures and municipalities. We developed specific tools to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of national HEPA policies by the different local governments. Methods We started by developing and testing the Local Policy Audit Tool (L-PAT) in all 47 Japanese prefectures (Takeda et al. 2019). It comprises 11 items based on WHO’s HEPA Policy Audit Tool (PAT), covering key policy actions such as: the presence of a local action plan; its implementation; and cross-sectoral cooperation. The L-PAT was sent to key government departments (e.g. health, sports, urban planning and transport) in all prefectures. As a second step, we assessed the development and implementation of local action plans for HEPA promotion in municipalities using the City PAT (C-PAT), which employs six questions based on the HEPA PAT. We surveyed a random selection of 272 out of Japan’s 1,700+ municipalities, stratified by administrative division and population. Results The results of the L-PAT indicate that health and sports are the most active departments in promoting HEPA policy at prefecture level. Some prefectures also reported HEPA actions by the urban planning and transport sectors, although these sectors are not covered by the national policy. A major result of the C-PAT survey was that the scale and contents of projects implemented differed depending on the size of the municipality. Both tools revealed that local governments have a low awareness of the “Japanese physical activity guidelines for health promotion 2013” in their policy planning and implementation. Conclusions In 2023, both the Japanese physical activity guidelines and the government's most comprehensive health policy, “Healthy Japan 21”, will undergo major revisions. The next step after the L-PAT and C-PAT would be to revise the content of the C-PAT questionnaire to increase its usefulness; that is, a policy audit tool for continuously monitoring local HEPA policies will be created on this occasion, aimed at supporting future national planning processes for HEPA promotion.

Conceptual Issues of National Security Policy-Making Under Uncertainty

The article examines the nature of the uncertainty impact on the formation and implementation of national security policy. The multiplication of uncertainties and complication of the system of social relations prompt a transformation of conceptual approaches to the identification of the national security basic features and the organization of key processes in this area. It has been proven that the development of the concepts of uncertainty and resilience prompts a reconceptualization of the national security. This process is currently taking place. The implementation of new approaches to ensuring national security contributed to the initiation of a paradigm shift in national security policy. Management of uncertainty allows for reducing its influence on national security policy-making. The development of science and increasing the level of public trust in scientific information, which is taken as a basis for shaping political decisions, are of great importance for this.

Ethnic Self-Organization in Frontier Conditions (Examining the Examples of Germans, Kazakhs, and Russians)

The article explores the processes of formation and development of ethnic self-organization, using the examples of three groups – Russians in Kazakhstan, Kazakhs in Russia, and Germans in both Russia and Kazakhstan – who found themselves in diasporas following the dissolution of their previously unified state. On the one hand, these groups hold diaspora status, while on the other, Russians and Kazakhs are state-forming entities in their respective neighboring nations. This unique situation allows for a detailed examination of these peoples’ statutes, their places, and their roles in the implementation of national policy. The article seeks to address the peculiarities of ethnicity institutionalization in both the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Each ethnic group under study has its own developed form of self-organization, influenced mainly by demographic conditions, legal frameworks, and support from their homeland. Changes in the size of ethnic groups and the emergence of state borders spurred the creation of ethnic organizations on both sides of the border. Although these organizations initially pursued largely political goals, their primary focus today is on preserving language and culture – issues that remain of utmost importance to ethnic communities. Over the past 30 years, both states have built institutions and systems of legal regulation for ethnic self-organization and developed strategies to support Russians, Kazakhs, and Germans living abroad.

Socio-political barriers to sustainable urban water governance: the case of Cartagena, Colombia

ABSTRACT Socio-political factors shape urban water insecurity, yet are often not incorporated into urban water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) planning. WASH service coverage rates in Cartagena, Colombia, suggest high water security, yet the history of water policy and governance in the city from 1991 to 2019 reveals a more complex reality of water insecurity that is not reflected in service coverage indicators. This case study bridges scientific enquiry with policy to demonstrate how weak institutions and governance at municipal levels undermine local water security and the implementation of national sustainable development policy.

Carbon fibre reinforced plastic for smartness car body design, practice and simulation

With the vigorous implementation of national policies and regulations such as energy-saving and emission reduction, lightweighting has become one of the trends in the development of the automotive industry, which is of great significance in reducing energy consumption and increasing the range of vehicles. This paper is based on a newly developed smartness car body designed for elderly users, which aims to solve the problem of mobility and companionship for the elderly, with a maximum speed of 20 km/h and a weight requirement of 45 kg or less. This paper focuses on the lightweight technology of the body of the smartness car, using carbon fibre composite material as the carrier, and using simulation analysis combined with experimental testing to systematically study the body material selection, structure and process, and to carry out force analysis, finite element analysis and modal analysis on the designed body, verifying that the body of the smartness car meets the lightweight design requirements.

Advance Care Planning in the United Kingdom – A snapshot from the four UK nations

The United Kingdom (UK) as a whole has a long-established decades-old history as an early adopter of the concepts of Advance Care Planning (ACP), with significant integration into mainstream national policy and widespread implementation. The ACP term itself, its processes, means, inclusions and implementations vary considerably within the UK and between its four nations, but the overall impression is of a strongly uniting consensus on the positive impact, value and vital importance of ACP in enabling better care for people in the final years of life, and at earlier life stages. Though there is always more work to do and more lessons to learn, those of us who have watched this world-wide movement grow over recent decades, find the overall direction of travel of commitment to mainstreaming ACP in the UK to be inspiring and encouraging, and gives us hope for the future. Across the UK, there is much shared history, policy, objectives, and regulation related to ACP, and at the same time, many variations in approach, tone, emphasis and detail within and between the four nations of the UK. The 2022 Office of National Statistics reports that the four nations of the UK have a combined population of 67 million (England 56.5 million, Scotland 5.5 million, Wales 3.1 million, Northern Ireland 1.9 million). All four nations are prioritising ACP as part of national policy, aiming to deliver more personalised care, particularly but not exclusively for those nearing the end of life, with a wide variety of best practice examples. Here we describe some common areas and variations across the UK history, policy and legal perspectives, some examples of best practice, resources, and exciting developments across all four nations which, although not exhaustive and within the limitations of our brief, reflect the flavour of our shared commitment. We are most grateful to all the contributing authors.