Impersonal Communication Research Articles

Volunteer Online Counseling during COVID-19: Insights, Practices, and Future Directions

This study investigated the transition to online counseling by 34 counselors during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing the gap in access to mental health services due to restrictions of in-person interactions. The research employed online questionnaires and a virtual focus group discussion to gather qualitative data, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Counselors reported addressing various client issues, including anxiety, depression, academic challenges, suicidal ideation, and family conflicts. The primary technical challenges identified were connectivity issues, clients' lack of technological resources, and limited digital literacy. Effective online counseling was associated with active listening, adaptability, trustworthiness, and technological competence. Although valued for accessibility, convenience, and confidentiality, online counseling poses challenges, such as impersonal communication and online fatigue. The findings underscore the need for improving tele-counseling practices, particularly in overcoming technological and communication barriers, to ensure the continued growth and development of the field.

МОТИВАЦИЯ СОТРУДНИКОВ ВИРТУАЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

The ongoing digitalization of work processes creates both opportunities and risks for companies. The development of new forms of work sets new tasks and, above all, personnel management. In the third decade of the 21st century, most companies have virtual teamwork, the use of which allows you to take advantage of digitalization (cooperate regardless of location and time zones, reduce travel and office maintenance costs, train employees in new skills, etc.). On the other hand, distributed teams are subject to risks such as increased conflict potential due to impersonal communication, improper role allocation and a large physical distance between team members. Most remote teams do not perform well in practice due to a lack of confidence, which negatively affects motivation to work. Therefore, it is very important to pay increased attention to the critical variable in the success of a virtual team — employee motivation. The article examines the question of which factors, both positive and negative, affect the motivation of members of virtual teams and offers recommendations for improving it.

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMPUTER ACTIVITY

The article discusses the features of the socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents with different levels of computer activity as one of the urgent problems in the context of global digitalization. The purpose of the empirical study is to identify the features of social interaction, expressed in the preference for impersonal communication, emotional and communication barriers and socio-psychological adaptation and their relationship in adolescents with different levels of computer activity. The hypothesis of the study was that Internet addiction is determined by destructive motivational, emotional-volitional and behavioral characteristics of the adolescent. The psychological profiles of the groups identified on the basis of the characteristics of computer activity, namely, behavior on the Internet and a tendency to Internet addiction, attitudes of modern adolescents in relation to the Internet, and the degree of enthusiasm for network capabilities were obtained. The results of a comparative analysis of the socio-psychological characteristics of adolescents are presented: with a high risk of computer / Internet addiction; adolescents experiencing positive emotions from computer activities; for which activity at the computer is instrumental in nature. The efficiency and expediency of using the method of cluster analysis in the study of the typological profile of adolescents in the context of digitalization of the environment is shown. The study involved 178 adolescents, aged 12 to 15 years. The study was conducted on the basis of educational institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Determining the role of celebrity endorsement on brand purchase

Advertising is understood as the impersonal communication of the information about products, ideas or services through various channels of media, and is mostly persuasive in nature and is paid often by identified sponsors. Advertisement is the non-personal, paid communication such as radio, TV, newspaper, mailers directed towards potential buyers or, in some cases, specific target group to provide information. It is a way of communication whose purpose is to keep customers updated of new innovations. It aims to identify role of different factors that affect brand purchase, it focuses on how both factors contribute in brand purchase and long term sustainability.

High-Capacity Donors’ Preferences for Charitable Giving

How can charities solicit high-capacity donors to provide the funds for matching grants and leadership gifts? In conjunction with Texas A&M University’s fundraising organizations, we conducted a field experiment to study whether high-income donors respond to nonpersonal solicitations. We also designed the experiment to test the impact of allowing for directed giving on the giving behavior of high-income donors and their willingness to direct their donations toward overhead costs. High-income donors are not responsive to letters or emails, regardless of whether they have the option to direct giving; we cannot conclude, therefore, that giving behavior is different for those who could direct giving compared with those who could not. Our results highlight the difficulties of motivating some high-income donors, especially when only impersonal communication is used.

أثر الإعلان على سلوک المستهلک المستدام

يمکن ان يعرف الإعلان بأنه وسيلة اتصال مدفوعة من مصدر محدد، ويهدف الى اقناع المتلقي باتخاذ بعض الاجراءات أو السلوکيات الآنية او المستقبلية. ويعد الاعلان جزءا رئيسيا من حياتنا اليومية، فالاعلان يمد المستهلکين بالمعلومات ويعطى إحاطة کاملة بأفضل أنواع السلع والخدمات ومواصفاتها وأسعارها، وأماکن تواجدها ويؤدى ذلک إلى زيادة الطلب ومن ثم يحفز النمو الاقتصادي. وعلى الرغم من المزايا العديدة، لا شک أن للاعلان تأثير سلبي کذلک على اتجاهات الشراء لدى المستهلکين فقد يغير ثقافات الشعوب فقد يؤدى لنشر العديد من الثقافات داخل المجتمع دون ضوابط، ومن بين تلک الثقافات ثقافة الافراط في الاستهلاک. إن انماط الاستهلاک الغير مستدامة الحالية دفعت بالحضارة الانسانية إلى حافة کارثة عالمية فلابد من تغيير انماط الاستهلاک لتقليل الآثار البيئية المعاکسة، وفي هذا الصدد تتضح أهمية الاعلان، حيث أثبتت إحدى الدراسات ان تکرار التعرض للاعلانات المستدامة يؤثر على سلوک المستهلک ويجعله أکثر استدامة. Advertising plays an important role in our daily life. It mainly determines the image and way of life and it has an impact on our thinking as well as on the attitude towards ourselves and the world around us. Advertising is impersonal communication of information about products, services, or ideas through the various methods, and it is usually paid by identified sponsors. Advertising contributes to wider economic development through its ability to sustain competitiveness. Advertising provide consumers with information on products and services, and it also helps to increase their choice of goods and services. Sustainable advertising helps in spreading information and knowledge to the consumers especially who are unaware of sustainable products. it helps Consumers to have a positive attitude towards purchasing sustainable products.

Interpersonal distance adjustments after interactions with a generous and selfish trustee during a repeated trust game

How physically close to an individual we choose to stand—our interpersonal distance preference—is thought to closely reflect the trust placed in the individual. However, the exact relationship between interpersonal distance and trust is not well understood and the causal effects of trust on interpersonal distance have not yet been demonstrated and quantified experimentally. Here, we induced trust (vs distrust) in an interaction partner through generous (vs selfish) monetary transactions in a repeated trust game. Subjects' investments in, experienced trust in, and expected back-transfers from the two interaction partners indicated that they learned to distrust more the selfish (vs generous) interaction partner. Further, across two experiments, using a pre-post design in which interpersonal distance preferences were measured before and after the trust game, preferred reflective and reflexive interpersonal distance from the selfish interaction partner increased, whereas interactions with the generous partner did not change these preferences. Importantly, the post-game distance was associated with subjects' experienced trust in the selfish interaction partner, and not their monetary decisions made during the game. These findings are a starting point for our understanding of how interactions with untrusted others can be successful. We speculate that an increased interpersonal distance might be accompanied by an increased psychological distance (e.g. through impersonal communication), which might help prevent a break-down of an interaction with a distrusted partner.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДНОСИН ДОВІРИ У ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛАХ ЗА УМОВ СУБОРДИНАЦІЇ

The article deals with social and psychological peculiarities of trust relations in military units under conditions of subordination. The role of situational and objective factors are revealed in the formation of trust in the system of social and role interpersonal relations.Trust as a social and psychological phenomenon in the system of social and role interpersonal relations has its own peculiarities of manifestation and is conditioned by the following situational and objective factors: the social status of the commander (occupied position), the level of service hierarchy, forms of manifestation communications’, intensity of contacts and depth of its interactions.The peculiarities of the subordinates’ trust to the commanders is analyzed depending on the degree of service hierarchy. It is established that the level of subordinates’ trust to managers varies depending on the degree of the service hierarchy. The transition to the following levels of service hierarchy is characterized by the gradual replacement of personalized institutional trust: the commander of the higher level is perceived by subordinates of the primary link as the personification of represented by him management structure activities.It is concluded that the psychological impact of impersonal communication can outweigh personal contacts. The frequency of contacts is not always proportional to a certain level of trust to subordinate commanders of different levels of management: the minimum number of them can affect the level of trust more effectively, than a large number of mechanical without influential contacts.The prospects for further research are the study of the relationship of subordinates’ trust to their commanders with group processes in military units.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІЇ 4.0: СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

Introduction . The connection of financial and economic spheres in a high-risk environment of domestic industry allows us to talk about the problems of financial and economic security both in terms of public administration and in the functioning of economic structures. Traditional types of risks, the impact of which changes the effectiveness and efficiency of business structures, have long been studied within the classical approaches to risk management, while the risks caused by the spread of Industry 4.0 trends are still poorly amenable to management, control, minimization, which indicates the need to review and optimize the processes of formation and operation of economic security systems of industrial enterprises. Building a comprehensive system of financial and economic security of the enterprise is a long process, and its implementation requires resources, which encourages the search for evidence necessary to justify its need for company management. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of financial and economic security systems of Ukrainian industrial enterprises in the context of the spread of Industry 4.0. Methods. In the course of research the monographic method and a method of the theoretical analysis are used. Methods of analysis and synthesis are also used. The method of generalization was used in the process of forming conclusions based on the results of the study. Results. The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the system of financial and economic security at modern Ukrainian industrial enterprises, taking into account the risks of Industry 4.0. The characteristic of the structural and logical scheme of construction and functioning of the system of financial and economic security of the enterprise is given. The mechanism of ensuring financial and economic security of the enterprise is described. The features of strategic management of the system of financial and economic security of industrial enterprises are established. Originality. Financial and economic security of an industrial enterprise is a state of functioning of mechanisms for counteracting the negative impact of threats and risks of financial and economic nature on the results of its production and economic processes, which minimizes their destructive consequences for financial and economic interests of the enterprise and guarantees its ability to operate continuously. Industry 4.0 as the newest form of organization of industrial relations, has become a source for the emergence of new risks, threats and challenges for industrial enterprises. In particular, the low level of information and digital literacy of employees, digitalization of production processes, the rapid increase in information resources of different quality levels, the need for management decisions in time constraints, rising costs for innovative restructuring of production technologies, high obsolescence of equipment - all noted facts and should become catalysts for finding ways to form an effective system of financial and economic security in domestic enterprises and develop mechanisms for effective management in the strategic and tactical areas. In terms of Industry 4.0, the tasks of the economic security system include ensuring the protection of automated and digital processes, developing a mechanism to prevent cyberattacks, developing standards of security behavior with information resources of the enterprise, control of impersonal communication with stakeholders, security of digital financial settlements. Conclusion. The complex approach to formation and functioning of system of financial and economic security of the enterprise which should include the purpose, tasks, principles of functioning, objects and subjects, strategy and the mechanism of system strategic management of financial and economic safety of the industrial enterprises at their integration to Industry 4.0 is investigated. The purpose of the financial and economic security of the entity is the timely detection and prevention of external and internal dangers and threats, ensuring the integrity of corporate resources and achieving financial and economic interests of the enterprise, the implementation of its planned business goals in the short and strategic perspectives. With the spread of Industry 4.0, the problem of an integrated approach to economic and financial security is critical to building an effective management system of financial and economic security of the enterprise and maintaining its functional state at a high level. This will help prevent the loss of financial stability, solvency, competitiveness of the industrial enterprise and allow it to gain important market advantages, including the ability to develop and adapt to changing conditions of a risky economic environment.

Studi Analisi Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Film Surga yang tak Dirindukan Karya Kunts Agus Tahun 2015

Impersonal communication is the most basic thing. Through the good impersonal communication, the relationship that tied in is good too. In “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” movie, there are some scene that describe impersonal communication among the actors. Besides as the place of impersonal communication, “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” contains the preaching contents that can be use for faundation of attitude and standing. The movie was released on July 2015 that directed by Kuntz Agus. The purpose of the research is to know how the pattern of impersonal communication in “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” movie, and search the preaching contents that contained in it. The kind of the research is descriptive qualitative and semiotic data analysis of Roland Barthes type. The result of the research is the communication that used among the actors of “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” movie. It is diadic communication (communication between two people), that happen on primer and secunder. But sometimes also use triadic communication (communication among three people). Some preaching contents that contained in it are helping someone who needs, being a good leader, being a loyal wife, being a good sincer kind mother and sincerity to yield.

Proximity and choice of College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the University of Cape Coast for further studies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the proximity of study centres to the students of College of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast (CoDE/UCC) and whether further studies of distance learners who were teachers and employees could lead to absenteeism in their workplaces.Design/methodology/approachA sequential explanatory strategy was used. A self-administered questionnaire and unstructured interviews as well as observation guides were employed to collect data from 2,077 students pursuing business and education programmes of CoDE in all study centres across Ghana. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and pattern matching of content analysis.FindingsThe study found that few teachers and other workers pursuing the distance education do absent themselves from the workplace or classroom on Fridays preceding their face-to-face session because they embarked on their journey to the study centres on Friday morning. Some teachers also absented themselves from work on Mondays after face-to-face sessions for a lack of means of transport on Sunday after lessons. The absenteeism of these respondents directly and indirectly affected their employers, students and customers.Practical implicationsIt was therefore recommended that management of CoDE/UCC should open more study centres in all the regions especially Western, Ashanti, Upper East, Northern and Upper West Regions to reduce number of hours spent by students to their study centres and consider introducing the business programmes at the existing district centres to reduce average distance covered by these students to commute from their places of work to their respective centres in the regional capitals. It was also recommended that online/electronic learning and audio versions (impersonal communication) of the study modules should be introduced so that students would not necessary have to travel to the study centre to participate in lectures/face-to-face sessions.Originality/valueThe findings of this study will help managers and administrators of both public and private distance educational providers. In addition to providing basis and areas for establishing study centres for geographical proximity, findings of the study should prove helpful for designing and delivering electronic and audio versions of distance education modules to reduce the level of absenteeism in workplace for the students.

Changes in work conditions and impact on workers’ health: The case of collective syndrome in workers of a French administration office in March 2017

Introduction In early 2017, the Regional Unit of Public Health France was solicited for recurring symptoms, mostly irritations and headaches, affecting employees of a 400 people administration office. These symptoms had emerged with the relocation in a new building completely renovated that was characterized by low consumption mode and cumulative new working conditions (open space, reorganization of services). These events led to the evacuation of the building because of non-compliant indoor air analyzes. In order to identify the origin of this episode, surveys were conducted by a multidisciplinary group (epidemiology, occupational health, environment, socio-anthropology) following the recommendations of the National Public Health Agency for the management of unexplained collective syndromes. Methods In this study, three health components were investigated: the environment, the epidemiological context and the psychosocial context. Environmental expertise was conducted on indoor air quality, ventilation, acoustics and lighting. A retrospective cohort epidemiological survey was set up among the employees to characterize the health events in terms of people's time and working conditions (noise, lighting, open space…). Finally, an assessment of the psychosocial context was carried out on the basis of interviews with volunteer employees and through the development of a chronogram of events that occurred in recent months. Results Environmental expertise has revealed a poor ventilation system that may have degraded the quality of indoor air, insufficient thermal comfort, acoustic discomfort and lighting problems. As a result, 78% of employees were symptomatic within 6 months (from October 2016 to April 2017), with a higher attack rate among women (85% vs. 68%, P =0.009) and 89% of people with multiple episodes of symptoms. Individuals presented a variety of symptoms with a higher incidence of headache (58%), asthenia (56%) and eye stinging (42%). For more than 70% of them, the symptoms disappeared when they left the building and for more than 30% when they opened the windows. The occupational doctor registered 28 recognitions of occupational accidents. Problems related to the building (light, noise, ventilation, odors) were more often felt by the symptomatic people. In total, 71% of people were dissatisfied with the work in open-space, the main inconveniences mentioned being: difficulty of concentration, noise and lack of confidentiality. The interviews of the psychosocial component put forward various elements that could have favored the epidemic phenomenon, such as the disruption of the organization of work, a damaged and impersonal work environment or communication problems with management. Conclusions The various investigations led to the identification of many symptomatic people, although we cannot exclude some biases of information and selection, and allowed us characterizing these events as sick building syndrome. The occurrence of various and non-specific symptoms having the particularity of disappearing at the exit of the building, the large number of recurrent cases and the higher attack rate in women are characteristic of these episodes. There are also triggers at the environmental level such as insufficient ventilation and noise- or lighting-related annoyances. The new organization of work in open-space was also a particularly contributory factor. Recommendations on the technical points but also on the working conditions were developed in consultation with the management and will require a mid-term evaluation.

Improved Quality of Care for IBD Patients Using HealthPROMISE App: A Randomized, Control Trial

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (“IBD”) is a chronic condition affecting over one million people in the United States (1). The recurrent and potentially debilitating nature of IBD elevates patients' risk for adverse health outcomes. IBD patients and providers report rushed visits, impersonal communications, and constrained resources as barriers to quality care (2). IBD patients are an ideal population to assess the therapeutic potential of a digital intervention used in conjunction with clinical methods for long-term IBD management. HealthPROMISE is an innovative software platform, developed by Sinai AppLab, comprising a patient mobile application linked to a cloud-based decision support dashboard designed to improve health outcomes and enhance quality of care (“QOC”) by increasing patient engagement, self-management skills, and communication transparency (3,4). METHODS: Recruited patients provided informed consent during in-person office visits and were randomized into intervention (HealthPROMISE) or control. Patients completed an intake questionnaire assessing health literacy, disease severity, general health status, and demographic information. The primary endpoint is QOC data based on American Gastroenterological Association's QOC indicator checklist, which was verified against and conformed to EPIC records. Secondary endpoints include decrease in IBD-related emergency visits and hospitalizations, change in quality of life (“QOL”) score from baseline, and proportion of patients reporting controlled disease status per group. In the app, HealthPROMISE patients update their information and receive a disease summary of QOC metrics and IBD-specific QOL trends. A population health coordinator monitored patient data in real-time on the HealthPROMISE dashboard and communicated with the care team and patients as needed. Ongoing collection of follow-up exit survey data captures overall medication adherence, system usability scale (SUS), SIBDQ, patient activation measures (PAM-13), and general health status (EQ-5D). (https://clinicaltrials.gov/;ct2/show/NCT02322307) RESULTS: 320 patients were enrolled in the study. 162 were randomized to intervention group and 158 to control group (Females 49.1%; White 82.2%; Black 5.3%; Hispanics 9.1%; English as primary language 96.3%; Everyday Computer Usage 93.4%) (Figure 1). IBD-QOL continued to improve among HealthPROMISE patients over a follow-up of 575 days (25.2±11.3 vs. 30.3±11.3 baseline, P<0.001) (Figure 2). Patients reported that uncontrolled anxiety (89.4%) and uncontrolled fatigue (80.9%) were major drivers of poor QOL and disproportionately contributed to disease burden (Figure 3). After an average follow-up of 495±135 days, QOC improved among all patients (78% vs. 59% control), with a more significant increase since baseline observed among HealthPROMISE users (+28 ppt vs. +9 ppt, P<0.01). After a second follow-up of 575±135 days, QOC continued improving (84% vs. 65% control) with a more significant change from baseline observed among HealthPROMISE users (+34 ppt vs. +15 ppt, P<0.01) (Figure 4). After 575 days, Screening Colonoscopy was the most met QOC indicator (92% met) while Smoking Cessation Screening with the least documented QOC indicator (7% met) (Figure 5). CONCLUSION(S): A significant improvement in QOC was observed among patients using HealthPROMISE. IBD patients engaging with HealthPROMISE reported more equitable participation in their care decision-making process, and showed improved health outcomes compared to patients not using HealthPROMISE. Digital health interventions and IBD remote monitoring can address gaps in QOC, increase patient engagement, and improve health outcomes.

Communication, interactivity, and satisfaction in B2B relationships

This study examines how traditional and new communication media impact satisfaction in business-to-business (B2B) relationships. We develop a conceptual model and empirically investigate hypotheses linking personal face-to-face (F2F), digital, and impersonal communication to buyer and supplier contacts, rationality, social interaction, and reciprocal feedback, and these interactivity dimensions to relationship satisfaction. Structural equation models are estimated with data from the commercial printing and graphic design industry. The findings indicate that personal has a stronger positive association than digital communication with dyadic contact (buyer and supplier contacts), social interaction, and reciprocal feedback, but a weaker positive association than digital with rationality. Digital has a stronger positive association than impersonal communication with dyadic contact, rationality, and reciprocal feedback, but a weaker positive association than impersonal with social interaction. Only rationality and reciprocal feedback have positive associations with satisfaction. Dyadic contact, however, has a negative association with satisfaction that is stronger for personal than digital communication.

The Use and Intended Outcomes of Presence: A Focus Group Study.

To explore and understand the use and intended outcomes of presence from the perspective of and as experienced by nurses. Twenty-seven nurses participated in one of four focus groups. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method. Four themes emerged: (1) therapeutic communication; (2) nurse well-being; (3) dimensions of presence; and (4) intention to improve client outcomes. Presence was described as a multidimensional intervention that required therapeutic communication and nurse well-being with the intention of improving client outcomes. Study findings provide evidence of the significance of presence in the face of human interaction that is shifting to virtual, impersonal communication.

Desempenho da Marca Organizacional na Rede Social: Dinamismo e Sinergia da Comunicação Integrada de Marketing

Publicidades, promoes de vendas e informativos esto entre as aes de comunicao de marketing mais frequentes para uma marca organizacional tornar-se reconhecida no mercado. A efetividade delas no desempenho da marca na rede social sugere anlises longitudinais devido s oscilaes das mtricas e uso de aes combinadas de comunicao devido aos mltiplos assuntos sobre a organizao que provocam interesses nos usurios. Este trabalho investiga a dinmica e a sinergia das aes de comunicao de marketing no desempenho da marca organizacional na rede social. Dados das veiculaes dirias das aes de comunicao e o monitoramento dos indicadores de desempenho de uma organizao na rede social foram coletados ao longo de 424 dias seguidos. O estudo props trs dimenses do desempenho na rede social como variveis dependentes e quatro dimenses das aes de comunicao implementada pela organizao como variveis explicativas. Os resultados das regresses dinmicas demonstraram que as aes de comunicao impessoal apresentaram maior efeito nas dimenses de desempenho de consumo e participao na pgina da organizao; de popularidade e incentivo ao boca a boca eletrnico dos posts da organizao; e de alcance e visualizao desses posts. Alm disso, quanto mais sinergias de aes de comunicao, maior era o desempenho em cada uma de suas dimenses. Os achados permitem concluir que gestores de mdia social devem utilizar frequentemente aes de comunicao simultneas, principalmente promoes de venda, publicidade institucional e divulgao de eventos para intensificar o desempenho da marca organizacional.

The Level of Mass Media Usage in Cattle Extension Communication Network

This research aim were: (1) To recognize the communication behavior of cattle farmers in searching information, (2) To analyze the level of farmer participation in cattle farmer communication network, (3) To explore the relationship between individual characteristics, (4) To explore interpersonal communication behavior and mass media utilization in cattle farmer communication network. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant difference of communication behavior between the advanced cattle farmers group and the less advanced one. This result informed the distinction of mass media used by cattle farmers in searching information i.e. interpersonal communication relationship in receiving and diffusing information and impersonal communication (media communication) behavior, particularly from television, broadcast and newspapers. (2) There was a significant relationship between formal education characteristic and impersonal communication behavior (television and radio and newspaper). There were significant relationship between economic class and newspaper impact behavior, between mass media ownership and television impact behavior, between education level and mass media ownership with the information search behavior. Individual characteristics of advanced farmers group have negative correlation with the information distribution behavior. Advanced farmer group were characterized by: well educated, higher economic class, more variety of mass media ownership, have more capability to select information according to their needs, profit oriented, risk taker, cosmopolites, have a communication pattern and good relationship among cattle farmer group. All of those characteristics caused un-proper of information diffusion

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-COMMERCE WORLD MARKET

E-commerce influences on the increase of international moving of commodities, capital, services, information, technologies and others like that. The aim of the article consists in the determination of the state and prospects of world market of ecommerce, the exposure of methods of improvement and development of electronic commerce in Ukraine due to embodiment of foreign experience. However in the works of home scientists the question concerning the state and prospects of world market of e-commerce development is examined not enough deeply and needs more sound analysis. To Internet properties the following ones belong: - openness of all parties for expansion due to new participants; - possibility of unfinished complication; - availability (lightness and relative cheapness of connection); - maximal combination of individual and collective work; - maximal possibility of creation of the variety of configurations; - flexibility. Such advantages of e-commerce of В2С for a consumer are considered: 1. Adjusted system for commodities delivery. 2. The presence of systems for the search of necessary commodities and services. 3. Lower price, than in the shops of traditional trade. 4. The widest range of goods. 5. The possibility of access to the shop twenty-four hours. 6. Impersonal communications with a salesman. 7. The speed of purchase realization. 8. Comfort et cet. It is forecasted that in the nearest future the Asian-Pacific region will become a world leader after the use of e-commerce. The market of e-commerce in the world and in Ukraine has and will have the future. For the increase of business efficiency, the acquisition of proof competitive advantages, general cost cutting Ukrainian enterprises need to introduce in their practical activity modern models of e-business.

The Impact of E-mail on the Use of New Convenience Voting Methods and Turnout by Overseas Voters: A Field Experiment to Address Their Challenges with New Technology

Research on absentee and early voting laws has led many scholars to conclude that these convenience voting methods do little to boost turnout. But most of this work has evaluated these methods well after their implementation and without consideration for how information campaigns about them might alter voter behavior. Voter mobilization research shows that impersonal communications produce little-to-no effect on turnout. But we know much less about how mobilization might influence changes in the method of voting. Using a field experiment during the 2010 midterm primary and general elections in Maryland, we demonstrate that e-mail messages with concise subject lines that appeal to relevant reference groups combined with an easy-to-use electronic absentee ballot delivery system, increase the likelihood that overseas voters will use a new technology when they participate in elections. Our findings have scholarly and practical implications for election reform, campaign communications, and voter mobilization.

You Say You Want a Revolution? Drawing on Social Movement Theory to Motivate Transformative Change

Personal well-being of service employees and others is declining, yet well-being is likely to influence on-the-job productivity. Workplace wellness programming (WWP) is prevalent among service organizations, but is controversial with critics questioning the appropriateness and efficacy of employer involvement in personal health. To understand how employers engage employees in personal wellness, we conducted a qualitative field study of WWP in 10 diverse organizations. We found lower employee engagement and higher resentment in firms that relied primarily on wellness training, incentives, and impersonal communications. Employee engagement was higher in firms that collaborated with wellness-minded employees to (1) tap into long-standing, deeply held belief systems to forge an inspirational wellness ideology, (2) leverage social capital to recruit participants and resources, and (3) modify the physical environment to signal the importance of healthful behaviors and to reduce obstacles to healthful choices. The three strategies are pillars of social movement (SM) organization. Drawing on the rich SM literature and our fieldwork, we developed and tested an SM-inspired model for cultural and behavioral change. The findings have implications for internal marketing and social marketing theory and for managers seeking to create a culture of health and improve employee productivity and effectiveness in serving customers.