Impacted Maxillary Canines Research Articles

Evaluation of impacted maxillary canine using panoramic radiograph and cone beam computed tomography

Evaluation of impacted maxillary canine using panoramic radiograph and cone beam computed tomography - JOOO- Print ISSN No: - 2395-6186 Online ISSN No:- 2395-6194 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jooo.2020.006, Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology-J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Ra

Evaluation of impacted maxillary canine position using panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography

IntroductionLocalization of impacted maxillary canine (IMC) position is essential in orthodontic treatment for accurate orthodontic treatment as well as prognosis. ObjectivesThis study aimed to: 1- investigate the relationship between the locations of IMC in panoramic radiograph (PR) using sectors in relation to their labio-palatal position in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): 2- report the incisor root resorption in CBCT in relation to its sector location of IMC in PR. Material and MethodsThe study is a retrospective imaging assessment of 60 IMCs in multiple centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sector location of IMC was determined on the PR and correlated with each of their labio-palatal positions and resorption of the root of permanent incisors using CBCT. ResultsThere is a significant correlation between sector location and impaction location of IMC. No statistical correlation was found between IMC sector location and lateral incisor root resorption, whereas a significant correlation was found between sector location and central incisor root resorption. ConclusionsFor Sectors I and II, IMC tended to be in either the mid-alveolus or labial location, whereas Sectors III and IV tended to show palatal impaction. Therefore, sector could be a good tool for localization of IMC and to predict the possibility of incisor root resorption.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OVER IMPACTED TEETH DEPENDENING ON CONDITIONS OF THEIR POSITION

Impacted teeth are rather common and complex dentofacial anomaly, which requires a balanced approach not only in differential diagnosis of its specific nosological form, but also in a choice of rational treatment methods. Taking into account the multi-factor nature of conditions formation for delay of teeth eruption, an approach to treatment should be directed towards guiding links of pathogenesis.
 The aim of the study is to increase effectiveness of surgical and orthodontic treatment of patients with impacted teeth of anterior maxillary region by studying morphological features of mucous membrane over impacted teeth, depending on conditions of their positioning.
 A group of 21 individuals aged from 15 to 17 years was formed to evaluate objectively the results of our work. Clinical situation in all the patients was the same according to diagnostic criteria as presence of impacted maxillary canines and medium level of vertical depth of impaction (in alveolar process); root formation: completely formed, with deviation of longitudinal axis of impacted tooth from correct axis of eruption from 15º to 45º. During further analysis, clinical subgroups were identified depending on conditions of impacted teeth positioning in vestibular-oral direction.
 Moderate dystrophic changes in stratified squamous epithelium, moderate sclerotic changes in papillary layer of lamina propria were found based on findings of microscopic structure of mucous membrane over palatal positioning of teeth.
 During investigation of morphological structure of mucous membrane over labially positioning of impacted teeth, there were phenomena of hyperkeratosis, an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, presence of epithelial cells in the basal layer with signs of hydropic degeneration. In papillary layer of lamina propria of mucous membrane, sclerotic changes were observed, which were more pronounced in comparison with palatal positioning of impacted teeth.
 Complex analysis of results of morphological studies showed that in mucous membrane positioning over impacted teeth there is deterioration with anemia in filling conditions of microcirculatory bed, discirculatory disorders, which leads to formation of ischemic zones and development of dystrophic and sclerotic processes.
 Morphological features of the structure of mucous membrane over impacted teeth is an important to consider while planning surgical and orthodontic treatment, and to some extent, it is possible to adjust management tactics of such patients, taking into account labial or palatal positioning of impacted teeth.

Radiographic Features and Treatment Strategies of Impacted Maxillary Canines

Objective: Treatment of impacted maxillary canines is essential, both aesthetically and functionally. This study aims to define the radiographic features of maxillary impacted canines, evaluate treatment options, and to detect related pathologies.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, orthopantomographs, treatment options, and demographic features of the patients were analyzed. Impacted maxillary canines were classified according to the study of Yamamoto et al. According to this classification, maxillary canines are evaluated under seven types according to the occlusal plane and their relative location to adjacent teeth. Moreover, the pathologies around impacted canines were detected via panoramic radiographies.Results: 323 impacted maxillary canines of 270 patients were analyzed. Two hundred fifteen of these teeth (66.6%) belonged to females, while the rest 108 (33.4%) belonged to males. It was observed that impacted maxillary canines were bilateral in 53 patients and unilateral in 217 patients. In the classification based on direction and position of impacted maxillary canines, the highest rates was Type 2 (55.42%) which was followed by Type 4 (26.93%), Type 1 (12.38%), Type 7 (2.79%), Type 3 (1.86%) and Type 5 (0.62%), respectively. Twenty-eight patients with cystic lesion related to impacted maxillary canines were detected. Impacted maxillary canines concomitant with odontoma was detected in 4 patients. In 52 of the patients, it was detected that maxilla was edentulous except for the impacted canines, and the extractions of impacted canine teeth were due to prosthetic reasons. Thirty impacted maxillary canines of 24 patients (n=30, 9.28%) were placed buttons for orthodontic maintenance, while surgical tooth extraction was preferred as a treatment option in other patients.Conclusions: Orthodontic, surgical treatments or combinations may be preferred depending on the impact level of the canine. Early diagnosis and correct orientation of the patient is essential for the success of the treatment.

Interrelation between Sella Turcica Bridging and Incidence of Maxillary Canine Impaction

Aims: To perceive an interrelation between sella turcica bridging and maxillary canine impaction among impaction patients. Methods: Lateral cephalometric and Panoramic Radiographs of 50 subjects with impacted canines (25 buccal and 25 palatal) ware collected from Orthodontic clinics. The control group consisted of 25 orthodontic patients without a history of impaction. The size of Sella turcica (length, depth and diameter) was calculated and the bridging was gauged among the study groups. Results: Results were evaluated using independent sample t-test and chi-square test on SPSS software (PConclusions: The occurrence of sella turcica bridge in patients with canine impaction is increased.Early detection of Sella Turcica bridge during the development phasemay alert clinicians to likely canine impaction in advanced life.

Comparison of post-treatment changes with and without retention in adolescents treated for maxillary impacted canines—a randomized controlled trial

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate whether retention is needed after orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canines.Trial designTwo-arm parallel group single-centre randomized controlled trial.Materials and methodsSixty-three patients, 39 girls and 24 boys, were recruited to the study. The inclusion criteria were patients with at least one impacted or unerupted maxillary canine, and moderate irregularity of the maxillary six anterior teeth according to Little’s index (LI). After gaining informed consent from the patient and their custodians, the patients were randomized to one of two groups, i.e. to a non-retention group or a retention group. The randomization process was prepared and carried out by an independent person not involved in the trial and the randomization used blocks of 20 (10 + 10). Primary outcomes were changes in single contact point discrepancy, and LI measured on digitalized three-dimensional study casts 1-year post-treatment. The study casts were anonymized before assessment and the changes were blinded for the assessor. Data were evaluated on an intention-to-treat basis. Thus, all randomized patients were incorporated into the final analysis. In the non-retention group a 10-week interim period was used to detect patients who eventually have a relapse immediately after treatment. If so, the patient got the arch-wire reinserted. Most patients in the retention group received a vacuum-formed retainer and pretreatment spacing cases got a bonded retainer.ResultsMean irregularity change was 0.4 mm in the retention and 1.3 mm in the non-retention group (P < 0.001). Maximum change was 2.5 mm in the retention and 3.2 mm in the non-retention group (P < 0.001). Most changes in the non-retention group occurred during the 10-week interim period. In the non-retention group, one patient developed contact point discrepancy of >2 mm during the interim period and was realigned.HarmsOne patient met the stopping guideline criteria. This patient had the arch wire reinserted for 2 months. After realignment, the patient received a retention appliance.LimitationsThe trial was a single-centre study and short-term changes were evaluated.ConclusionsChanges between the retention and the non-retention group were statistically but not clinically significant. Since satisfactory clinical results 1-year post-treatment were found in the non-retention group, retention does not appear to be needed. The 10-week interim period was useful in detecting patients who might have a relapse immediately after treatment.Trial registrationThe trial was not registered.

The correlation between the three-dimensional radiolucency area around the crown of impacted maxillary canines and dentigerous cysts.

This study aimed to reveal the correlation between the radiolucency area around the crown of impacted maxillary canines and dentigerous cysts using cone beam CT (CBCT). CBCT data were obtained from patients with impacted maxillary canines. Three points of five areas (tooth cusp area and buccal, lingual, mesial and distal areas of the crown) were randomly selected, and the distance between the point and the surrounding hard tissue was measured respectively. The mean values were recorded as the radiolucency area. These results were compared with the occurrence of dentigerous cysts during surgery. 58 patients with 76 impacted maxillary canines were included. 14 of the 76 impacted canines were accompanied by cysts (18.42%). With the increase in the thickness of the radiolucency area, the incidence of cysts was significantly increased (p < 0.05). No cysts were found in the compacted canines with 0-1 mm thickness of the radiolucency area. The highest incidence (71.43%) was observed in canines with 3-4 mm thickness of the radiolucency area. This study found that the thickness of the radiolucency area around the crown of the maxillary impacted canine was closely related to the occurrence of dentigerous cysts. CBCT can be used to estimate the occurrence possibility of dentigerous cyst and guide surgical operations.

Prevalence and Classification of Maxillary Canine Impaction among Iraqi patients at An-Najaf City

Canines play an important role in functional occlusion, occlusion protection and in aesthetic smile. So the proper knowledge of permanent canine impaction incidence and its position is essential before orthosurgical procedures. The aim of this study is to highlight the prevalence and difficulty of the treatment of maxillary impacted canine. A 1995 panoramic radiographs were taken, total number of males were 737 (37%) and 1258 (63%) were females, a 79 (3.9%) patients were diagnosed with canine impaction where females were 3.6 times more than males, also most patients diagnosed with unilateral, right-sided and type II impactions.

Impacted maxillary canines and their relationship with lateral incisor resorption: a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study

Abstract Objective The spatial position of a canine can affect the level of proximal root resorption and the success of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the mesiodistal and vertical position of impacted maxillary canines and to assess their relationship with the lateral incisor by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and method One hundred and sixty-nine CBCT scans of patients presenting with maxillary impacted canines were included in the study. The buccopalatal, mesiodistal (classified as sectors I, II, III, IV from distal to mesial) and vertical (cervical, middle, apical) position of the maxillary impacted canines were determined. The positional effect on the morphology (width, length, and depth) and resorption was assessed on the roots of the maxillary lateral incisors. Obtained data were statistically analysed by using Student t-test, the Mann Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. Results Of the maxillary impacted canines, the 34.72% that had associated resorption on the adjacent lateral incisors were buccally positioned, and 65.28% were palatally positioned. While 45.58% of sector I impacted maxillary canines were buccally positioned, 68.31% of sector IV impacted maxillary canines were palatally positioned. Furthermore, there was a statistical significance between the mesiodistal position and palatal or buccal maxillary canine impaction (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the vertical position of the impacted maxillary canines was also related to their mesiodistal and buccopalatal positions (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion While all maxillary impacted canines had the potential to cause lateral incisor resorption, there was no close relationship related to the canine’s buccopalatal, mesiodistal and vertical position. Nevertheless, if an impacted maxillary canine migrated towards the midline, the buccopalatal and vertical position of the tooth changed from buccal to palatal and cervical to apical, respectively.

Učestalost bukalnih i palatinalnih impakcija maksilarnih očnjaka

Introduction: Maxillary canines are usually impacted teeth the second after third molar. Frequency of impacted maxillary canines is about 1 to 3% of population (in 85% of the cases palataly, and in 15% of the cases bucaly). The aim of this research was to find the frequency of bucal and palatal impacted maxillary canines in relation to sex and position of impacted tooth. Matherial and method: We analyzed three-dimensional computed tomography images (CBCT) of 64 examinees (aged 12 to 33 years) with 80 unerupted maxillary canines to plan the orthodontic therapy. Results: Among 64 examines with impactions, 80 impacted maxillary canines are diagnosed. The average age of all respondents in the survey is 16,3±4,3. Of 64 examinees in research 41(64.1%) were female which is significantly more important than the representation of male examinees whose number was 23(35.9%). Frequency of unilateral impactions of maxillary canines is three times higher 48 (75%) in comparison to bilateral impactions 16 (25%). Of total 80 impacted maxillary canines 19 (23.75%) were bucal impacted, 3 (2.75%) in the middle of alveolus and 58 (72.5%) palatally. With the bucal and palatal impaction usually was represented partially vertical impaction (70%); completely horizontal impaction (10%) was represented only in the palatal impaction. Conclusion: The analysis of CBCT images of maxilla shows a statistically significant frequency of partially vertical, unilateral and paltally localized impacted maxillary canines.

Localization of Impacted Canines - A Comparative Study of Computed Tomography and Orthopantomography

Our aim was to evaluate the location of impacted canines and their proximity to the lateral and central incisor to assess the prognosis of the impacted canine and compare the reliability of 2D versus 3D imaging solutions.We carried a prospective study on 17 subjects with impacted maxillary canines. Later, the patients underwent radiologic examination, i.e., sectional computed tomography and orthopantomography. The obtained records were compared regarding the location of the impacted maxillary canine, the proximity and resorption of the impacted canine to the lateral and central incisors, the prognosis of the impacted canine, and the linear distance of the canine from the vertical and horizontal reference lines drawn.Eleven males (45.8%) and 13 females (54.1%), 11 (45.8%) impacted canines on the right side, and 13 (54.1%) on the left side, as well as 2 (8.3%) transpositions, were noted. Buccally impacted teeth caused less resorption of the adjacent teeth. Among the 24 teeth examined using orthopantomography with the sector method, 3 (12.5%) teeth were found in sector 1. There were 8 (33.33%) teeth in sector 2, and 11 (45.8%) of the impacted canines were in sector 3. In localizing impacted maxillary canines, computed tomography revealed an increased accuracy of 31% compared to orthopantomography.Even though both computed tomography and orthopantomography revealed similar records, computed tomography showed more accuracy, also having an added advantage of its 3D viewing capabilities in precise localization of the impacted maxillary canine.

Different Management Approaches in Impacted Maxillary Canines: An Overview on Current Trends and Literature

This study aimed to overview and collect the current trends and techniques in managing maxillary impacted canines by retrieving recent literature, in a chronological manner from the prevention to the very late stages of treatment in adults. We performed a review on the recent literature regarding the current trends on the management of impacted canines. We have researched various types of available articles such as clinical trials and case presentations, meta- and systematic analyses, and literature reviews focusing on clinical management of impacted canines and their outcome evaluations. We adhered to those articles published within the last decade with a focus on treatment planning for impacted and displaced canines. Depending on the diagnosis and its timing of it, a maxillary impacted canine can be managed by either prevention or interception, surgical opening followed by autonomous eruption or orthodontically traction, autotransplantation, and at last by removal and space closure. These techniques are elaborated one by one according to the age and severity of the diagnosis. Impaction of the canines is a manageable abnormality which is highly dependent on the timing and localization of the displaced tooth. Early detection will give the upper hand to orthodontists to engage by either prevention through extraction of deciduous canines or intercepting via assistant devices to create more space. According to the clinical situation, open or closed surgical uncovering might be required to bond an attachment. However, generally, those techniques did not show any significant clinical distinction in the outcome assessments. These approaches are highly technique sensitive and require collaborations with other specialties. Proper diagnosis and prognosis assessment are necessary before making any decision to bring an impacted canine in alignment.

Long-term results of orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canines.

A total of 61 children who had 83 maxillary canines impacted were followed up for a mean of 3.5 years (range 1.1-10.9 years) after treatment to evaluate the long-term results of the treatments. In most of the children, the impacted maxillary canines had been surgically exposed and treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. In 11 cases, lateral incisors had been extracted because of extensive root resorption. The esthetic results as well as functional and periodontal conditions were evaluated. Only four of the 61 children were not satisfied with the esthetic result, whereas orthodontists judged only 56% of the results as esthetically acceptable on clinical evaluation and 57% as esthetically acceptable on color slides. The periodontal conditions and the occlusal function on sides with previously impacted canines and on sides with normally erupted canines, on the whole, were similar. Exceptions were pocket depths of the left lateral incisors and left canines, but these variables were significantly different mainly because of one patient. In lateral movements of the mandible, however, significant differences in contact pattern were found between sides with normally erupted canines and sides with impacted canines. Canine rise occurred more often on working sides with normally erupted canines than with impacted canines.

The prognosis of impacted maxillary canines and orthodontic management

Background: The orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canine is a major challenge for orthodontics, the treatment of which usually requires an interdisciplinary approach. If treatment is not initiated, there is always a risk of retention and also resorption of the roots of permanent incisors. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canines in Moroccan patients. The PIDAQ was cross-culturally adapted into Malay version by forward- and backwards-translation processes, followed by psychometric validation Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 consecutive patients with impacted maxillary canines (23 females and 11 males) aged 9- 36 years (mean 21 years) from December 2015 to February 2016. Our analysis incorporated patients’ files, including clinical observation, X-ray imaging and iconography of good quality of patients. All the data were collected from an information collection sheet by a single operator. The assessment of the degree of difficulty of disinclusion of impacted teeth was revealed following the sector and angulation methods. Results: The circumstances in which inclusions were found were dominated (58.8%) by the reason for consultation in relation to delayed eruption or persistence of deciduous canine teeth. 61.9% of practitioners considered the difficulty of traction of the canines in this series as moderate to difficult. The assessment of the difficulty of placement of the retained teeth was revealed by 2 methods: (1) sector and (2) angulation methods. The sector technique showed that the majority of patients (52.9%) revealed canine inclusions in sector 4. The angulation method ranged from 21° to 82° with an average of 55.9°. The failure rate of placement represented 23.5%. Conclusion: The successful management of impacted canine requires close cooperation of oral surgeons and orthodontists. In this study, successful treatment was possible in approximately 76.5% of impacted canines and the sector method associated with the angulation method on the orthopantomogram could help orthodontists to assess the prognosis of included canines.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of orthodontic Egyptian patients using orthopantograms

Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of Egyptian orthodontic patients. Patients and methods This is a retrospective study where 435 digital orthopantograms taken of patients, ranging in age from 14 to 30 years with a mean age of 19 years were studied. The patients were presented for treatment at a private practice in Cairo during the period from 2017 to 2019. The orthopantograms were reviewed for impactions (including and excluding third molars), congenitally missing teeth or hypodontia (including and excluding third molars), ectopic eruption, microdontia (peg-shaped and small-sized maxillary lateral incisors), rudimentary 8's, root dilacerations and supernumerary teeth. Results Excluding third molars, the number of patients that had at least one dental anomaly was 183 or 42.1%. The prevalence of patients with impacted teeth was 66 (15.2%), while the prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was 44 (10.1%). Equal prevalence between males and females was recorded for impacted maxillary permanent canines (M = 16, F = 16) and congenitally missing maxillary permanent canines (M = 1, F = 1). The least prevalence were microdontia (n = 15, 3.4%), dilacerated roots (n = 8, 1.8%) and supernumerary teeth (n = 8, 1.8%). Rudimentary wisdom teeth count was 12 (2.8%) out of the total sample with only maxillary third molars being affected. The prevalence of impacted third molars was 25% (n = 109, M = 27, F = 82). The prevalence of congenitally missing third molars (at least one missing third molar) was 19.3% (n = 84, M = 22, F = 62). Females showed higher prevalence than males for all anomalies except for impacted mandibular permanent canines where males were higher than females (M = 9, F = 5), impacted upper incisors and upper first premolars (M = 1, F = 0) and supernumerary teeth (M = 6, F = 2). The prevalence of patients with impacted permanent second molars was 4.6%. Conclusions Excluding third molars, the most common dental anomaly was impaction followed by teeth agenesis. The most prevalent impaction was the maxillary permanent canine and the most congenitally missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors. Root dilacerations and supernumerary teeth were the least common anomalies. Congenitally missing and impacted third molars constitute a large segment of dental anomalies and must be evaluated separately. A large variation exists between the different populations regarding the prevalence of the various anomalies.

Orthodontic knowledge and referral patterns: a survey of paediatric specialists and general dental practitioners

Abstract Introduction Early diagnosis and referral is essential in order to provide the best orthodontic care. Paediatric specialists (PSs) and general dental practitioners (GDPs) are usually the first dental professionals to diagnose a malocclusion. Aim To evaluate the knowledge and approach of PSs and GDPs in the management of children in reference to the timing of referral and early orthodontic intervention. Methods A survey assessed referral patterns and the respondents’ orthodontic knowledge regarding treatment timing and indications for early treatment in the early and late mixed dentition. Results One hundred and seventeen dentists participated in the study, of whom 79 were GDPs and 38 were PSs. The average total accuracy score in a 27-knowledge questionnaire was 68.6%, resulting in a statistically significant difference between the PSs and the GDPs. This difference arose from confusion regarding the prevention of maxillary permanent canine impaction and the need for a leeway space maintainer. Conclusions The GDPs and the PSs had a sound knowledge of orthodontics and a reasonable referral pattern, although the knowledge of PSs was significantly higher than that of the GDPs. There is a need for further education regarding orthodontic treatment needs and timing both in undergraduate/postgraduate training as well as in professional continuing education programs.

Combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of impacted maxillary canine in young patient with class II malocclusion: A case report

The impaction of maxillary canines is one of the biggest challenges in orthodontics practice. This case report describes successful surgical and orthodontic approach to the treatment of palatally impacted maxillary canine in a 14-year-old boy. Intraoral clinical examination revealed an absence of the upper right canine, an ectopic position of the upper left canine and crowding in the maxillary arch. The impaction of right maxillary canine and class II malocclusion were confirmed by lateral cephalogram, orthopantomogram and cone beam computed tomography. In the first phase, a transpalatal arch to the upper first molar teeth was applied, first premolars were extracted, and brackets were placed on all teeth and nickel-titanium arch wire was applied. The initial orthodontic phase was soon thereafter followed by the surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of the impacted canine using ligature wire attached from the button with chain to the open coil on the arch wire. The orthodontic treatment took two years with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results at the end. This clinical case has shown that adequate treatment of impacted maxillary canine can be achieved by using combined surgical technique and appropriate orthodontic approach.

Bilateral maxillary canine impaction with comparable migration track: Prevalence, sociodemographics and radiographic observations

Introduction: Canines are perceived as cornerstones of the dental arch and plays an essential role in maintaining the facial coordination. When impacted, these functions are lost. We present the prevalence and radiographic presentation of distinctive bilateral maxillary canine. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients presenting for routine dental treatment between 2018 and 2020 at a dental center, Najran. A total of 2016 panoramic radiographs were screened and all patients with bilateral impacted canines were further screened radiologically using cone beam computed tomography. Data such demographics and presence of bilateral maxillary impacted canines were identified. Data analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for IOS Version 25 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp). Results: A total of 2016 panoramic radiographs were examined out of which 149 cases were the total impacted canines. Of these, 42 cases were bilateral impacted maxillary canines in comparable migration tract with a prevalence rate of 28.2%. There were 18 males and 24 females with an M: F of 1:1.3. Age ranged from 15 to 75 years with mean age ± standard deviation (27.9 ± 10.6) years. We observed the bilateral impacted canine positions were in relation to the central and lateral incisors in the anterio-posterior plane and the cervical and root portions of the roots of the central and lateral incisors in the inferior-superior plane. We attempted to group them into 3 main types (Types 1-3) with 3 subtypes (Subtypes a-c) each. Limitations: This a hospital based study and findings may not be generalized. Population based study is which is required to find out the prevalent rate in the community. Conclusion: These observed positions can be used to predict the favorability or otherwise of orthodontic traction of the impacted bilateral canines.

Effect of facemask protraction on the development of impacted maxillary canines: a retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if maxillary protraction with facemask increases the risk of maxillary canine impaction. Materials and method: The records of 76 skeletal Class III subjects with a cervical vertebral maturation stage between CS1 and CS3 and a displaced maxillary canine were retrospectively collected. Intraoral photographs, orthopantomography and lateral cephalograms were collected, and patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of treatment received – a Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE), a RPE in conjunction with a facemask (RPE-FM), or a Class III functional appliance (FA). The patient’s records were used to determine if the maxillary canines were correctly erupted after that phase of treatment. A binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of treatment modality and skeletal maturation stage on the chance of maxillary canine impaction. Results: No effect of the three different treatment modalities and of the skeletal maturation stage on the risk of canine impaction was observed. Conclusions: The protraction facemask can be used in growing skeletal Class III subjects without increasing the risks of maxillary canine displacement.

Tek Taraflı Maksiller Palatal Gömülü Kanine Sahip Bireylerde Dentoalveolar Ark Simetrisinin Karşılaştırılması

Objective: To compare the dentoalveolar measurements of the subjects with unilateral palatally impacted canines versus nonimpacted contralateral side on cone-beam computed tomography. Material and Methods: This retrospective study comprised 27 patients (16 female, 11 male; mean age: 15.34±1.95 years) with unilateral palatally impacted canine. Dolphin imaging software was used to reconstruct coronal, sagittal, and axial images. Coronal images were used for the evaluation of the angulation of the canine and lateral teeth, dentoalveolar height from the central and lateral incisors. On sagittal images, canine, lateral, first premolar angulation, and the distance of the canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane, on axial images; the lateral incisor rotation and arch width from premolar to mid-palatine raphe were evaluated. The paired samples t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for the statistical evaluation. Results: Lateral incisors on the impacted side showed significantly higher coronal angulation and lower sagittal angulation, compared to the non-impacted side (p<0.05). On impacted side, axial width from the first premolar to the mid-palatine raphe and lateral incisor rotation was significantly lower than on the non-impacted side (p≤0.001). Canine cusp tip-occlusal plane was negatively correlated with the dentoalveolar height of the central (r=-0.400; p=0.039) and lateral incisors (r=-0.373; p=0.055). Conclusion: The results of the study implicate that unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines can provide asymmetric dentoalveolar measurements. The deviation of the lateral incisors from normal angulation should be taken into consideration during orthodontic examination.