Abstract
Abstract Objective The spatial position of a canine can affect the level of proximal root resorption and the success of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the mesiodistal and vertical position of impacted maxillary canines and to assess their relationship with the lateral incisor by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and method One hundred and sixty-nine CBCT scans of patients presenting with maxillary impacted canines were included in the study. The buccopalatal, mesiodistal (classified as sectors I, II, III, IV from distal to mesial) and vertical (cervical, middle, apical) position of the maxillary impacted canines were determined. The positional effect on the morphology (width, length, and depth) and resorption was assessed on the roots of the maxillary lateral incisors. Obtained data were statistically analysed by using Student t-test, the Mann Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. Results Of the maxillary impacted canines, the 34.72% that had associated resorption on the adjacent lateral incisors were buccally positioned, and 65.28% were palatally positioned. While 45.58% of sector I impacted maxillary canines were buccally positioned, 68.31% of sector IV impacted maxillary canines were palatally positioned. Furthermore, there was a statistical significance between the mesiodistal position and palatal or buccal maxillary canine impaction (p < 0.05). In addition, the vertical position of the impacted maxillary canines was also related to their mesiodistal and buccopalatal positions (p < 0.05). Conclusion While all maxillary impacted canines had the potential to cause lateral incisor resorption, there was no close relationship related to the canine’s buccopalatal, mesiodistal and vertical position. Nevertheless, if an impacted maxillary canine migrated towards the midline, the buccopalatal and vertical position of the tooth changed from buccal to palatal and cervical to apical, respectively.
Highlights
The permanent canines aid in the appearance of an aesthetically pleasing smile and have an important role in functional occlusion.[1,2] Maxillary canines are the second most commonly impacted teeth after the third molars,[3,4] with an incidence of 1–3%,5-7 and with twice the prevalence in females compared with males.[3,4] Impacted canines can cause aesthetic problems related to tipping of adjacent teeth and midline deviations
Root length and width variability was observed related to the adjacent lateral incisors, and a significant difference was determined in the buccopalatal and vertical location of the maxillary canines (p < 0.05)
Root resorption rates examined by different imaging methods reportedly vary in incidence between 6% and 67%,9,15,37 and studies that have previously examined the prevalence of lateral incisor resorption using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reported inconsistencies
Summary
The permanent canines aid in the appearance of an aesthetically pleasing smile and have an important role in functional occlusion.[1,2] Maxillary canines are the second most commonly impacted teeth after the third molars,[3,4] with an incidence of 1–3%,5-7 and with twice the prevalence in females compared with males.[3,4] Impacted canines can cause aesthetic problems related to tipping of adjacent teeth and midline deviations. They can result in migration of adjacent teeth, cyst formation, pain and infection.[3,8]. Ensuring the correct positioning of impacted canines in the dentoalveolar arch with surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment is clinically difficult and timeconsuming.[1,12,15] Appropriate surgical intervention and orthodontic management depends on the accurate spatial localisation of the impacted teeth.[1,7,16]
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