Impact Of External Factors Research Articles

The impact of body position on neurofluid dynamics: present insights and advancements in imaging

The intricate neurofluid dynamics and balance is essential in preserving the structural and functional integrity of the brain. Key among these forces are: hemodynamics, such as heartbeat-driven arterial and venous blood flow, and hydrodynamics, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The delicate interplay between these dynamics is crucial for maintaining optimal homeostasis within the brain. Currently, the widely accepted framework for understanding brain functions is the Monro-Kellie’s doctrine, which posits a constant sum of intracranial CSF, blood flow and brain tissue volumes. However, in recent decades, there has been a growing interest in exploring the dynamic interplay between these elements and the impact of external factors, such as daily changes in body position. CSF circulation in particular plays a crucial role in the context of neurodegeneration and dementia, since its dysfunction has been associated with impaired clearance mechanisms and accumulation of toxic substances. Despite the implementation of various invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques to investigate the intracranial hemodynamic or hydrodynamic properties, a comprehensive understanding of how all these elements interact and are influenced by body position remains wanted. Establishing a comprehensive overview of this topic is therefore crucial and could pave the way for alternative care approaches. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing understanding of intracranial hemodynamic and hydrodynamic properties, fundamental for brain homeostasis, along with factors known to influence their equilibrium. Special attention will be devoted to elucidating the effects of body position shifts, given their significance and remaining ambiguities. Furthermore, we will explore recent advancements in imaging techniques utilized for real time and non-invasive measurements of dynamic body fluid properties in-vivo.

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN MUD CLAM Polymesoda erosa (Lightfoot) USING FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY ANALYSIS IN LA UNION, CABADBARAN CITY, AGUSAN DEL NORTE, PHILIPPINES

A geometric morphometric study was conducted on the population of Polymesoda erosa in La Union, Cabadbaran City, to investigate the morphological variations using fluctuating asymmetry (FA) analysis. FA acts as a reliable indicator of ecological stress and developmental instability since it detects genetic or environmental changes that an organism experiences. A total of ninety (90) individual mud clams were randomly collected and analyze. Water and soil samples were also collected to gather data on the degree of body variations and the impact of external factors on P. erosa. The result of the analysis using the SAGE software revealed a highly significant fluctuating asymmetry (P 0.0001). Significant variations in individuals, sides, and the interaction between individuals and sides symmetry were mostly responsible for the substantial variances seen in mud clam species. Particularly, landmarks 10 (dorsal margin maxima) and 13 (anterior margin maxima) exhibited notable variations. For the water quality results, the mud clam's internal valve was likely to be relatively unaffected or minimally impacted, but the level of nickel was high. In conclusion, the fluctuating asymmetry of P. erosa can be attributed to a stressed environment. Unfavorable environmental factors cause an organism's morphology to change, affecting its symmetry.

Local agricultural markets and external shocks – the case of Poland

Abstract We quantify the role of individual factors in shaping the domestic prices of selected grains and oilseeds in Poland and test the hypothesis of whether a favorable supply situation can isolate the domestic market from external shocks. We carried out estimations using error correction and local projection econometric models. The results lead to the following conclusions. First, futures contracts have a significant impact on domestic prices of wheat, corn, and rapeseed. Second, an important factor that determines the prices of wheat, corn, and rapeseed is the EUR/PLN exchange rate. However, the strength of this influence and its time horizon differs strongly depending on the analyzed commodity. Third, the influence of other factors is limited. The obtained results indicate that Poland’s relatively high degree of self-sufficiency in the production of wheat, corn, and rapeseed does not isolate the prices of these agricultural commodities from the impact of external factors.

Снижение числа несчастных случаев и аварий при управлении поездом в автоматическом режиме

Railroad transport is the main element of economic development of Russian regions; it ensures reliable communication between industrial enterprises and raw material supply bases in Russia. Transportation of enterprise employees and freights is an integral part of the successful functioning of any industrial company. Ensuring safe conditions of train traffic is a matter of high priority for all participants in the transportation process. The article provides external and internal parameters affecting the safety of rolling stock. The impact of external factors, such as weather conditions, optical visibility, illumination, and air transparency on the operation of technical vision systems when driving a train in automatic mode have been analyzed. Taking the impact of these factors into account is necessary to limit the speed of rolling stock in the sectors of low visibility and sharp reduction of visibility range of obstacles, which is crucial to ensure safe train movement when calculating the braking curve. Such a dependence requires the introduction of correcting coefficients into algorithms of the train movement model and considering the correction when calibrating and configuring computers and devices of the technical vision system. In order to determine the internal parameters of rolling stock, an algorithm for the calculation of the coordinates of a technical object has been proposed. For a moving object, the coordinates are calculated on the orthodromic trajectory using the existing dependence between the current longitude and latitude of the object and the speed projections measurements of the rolling stock on the axis of the geographic coordinate system. The proposed options to determine the rolling stock parameters improve the quality and accuracy of determining speed and coordinates and reduce computing and hardware costs aboard a locomotive, which, in turn, affects the time of decision-making to ensure optimal control of rolling stock and prevention of accidents and emergencies.

Environment court, shareholder conflict and corporate governance: evidence from market reactions to bank loan announcements

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of environmental risk on corporate governance through market reaction to bank loan announcements. Design/methodology/approach Using the establishment of environment court in China as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper adopt the difference-in-differences approach based on listed firms during 2003–2013 to explore the impact of environment court on corporate governance. Findings This paper find that the environment court would weaken the cumulative abnormal return of loan announcements. Then, this paper confirm that the potential reason is that environment court worsens the interest conflict between majority and minority shareholders. Further, cross-sectional analysis suggests that bank’s supervision, market competition and analyst coverage can alleviate the impact of environment court on corporate governance. Practical implications Environment courts intensify firms’ internal interest disputes, thus causing the decrease of corporate governance, which can be observed through the effect of bank loan announcements. Social implications This paper provide reference for environmental policy formulation and implementation, firms’ decision-makings and improving the banking regulatory system. Originality/value This paper makes a contribution to the studies about the impact of environment court on firms’ decision-making and investors’ reaction, the impact of external factors on corporate governance and bank loan announcements effect.

Determinants of the development of photovoltaics in Poland

The photovoltaic (PV) industry is a rapidly growing sector of the Polish economy. The motivation for this study is the lack of detailed research on the impact of external factors on PV development in Poland. Therefore, we consider the different interests of various participants in the industry, encompassing installers; engineering, procurement and construction; designers; distributors; and manufacturers. The main objective of the study is to identify and analyse the legal, economic, environmental, technical and social factors that influence the development of PV in Poland and their determinants, considering the specific needs of different market stakeholders. The research is based on analysing the literature, publicly available reports and websites to complement the findings from in-depth interviews and surveys conducted among key PV market participants. Computational methods are employed, including Bartlett's sphericity tests, and the adequacy of the correlation matrix is evaluated using the Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin coefficient. The research results identify the main determinants of PV industry development in Poland, which include the lack of connection capacity, the cost of non-RESs and hourly pricing in the prosumer billing system. The study also determines the different perspectives between market stakeholders, finding that social factors have little impact on PV industry development. The main conclusion of the study is that the identified barriers must be addressed and removed to ensure the stable development of PV in Poland.

Analysis of ZARA's Social Media Marketing Strategy in China

The rapid iteration of the fashion industry and the influx of numerous niche emerging fast fashion brands into the market have driven continuous innovation in social media marketing strategies, with new promotional methods constantly emerging. This article, utilizing literature analysis and observational methods, examines ZARA's social media marketing strategy in China. This analysis is beneficial for companies in the fast fashion industry, particularly those looking to expand their influence in the Chinese market. After a detailed analysis of the characteristics and marketing methods of Chinese social media platforms, the impact of external factors on Chinese consumers, and ZARA's social media presence, the article provides detailed recommendations for social media marketing strategies. ZARA, as a pioneer in the fast fashion industry, has established a certain market presence on Chinese social media platforms. However, its promotional strategy still shows potential for improvement. On platforms like Weibo and Little Red Book, ZARA's content strategy lacks specificity and diversity. In contrast, its live streaming marketing on platforms like TikTok demonstrates excellent visual effects and interactivity. This article provides several specific recommendations for ZARA's social media marketing strategy in China, such as strengthening brand storytelling and product showcases on Little Red Book, hiring celebrity endorsements, and regularly hosting styling challenges on TikTok. In summary, by implementing these strategies, ZARA is poised to achieve more effective brand building and market expansion in China's social media landscape.

Exploring job satisfaction’s impact on turnover tendency among employees in Kosova’s microfinance institutions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to delve into the intricate link between job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intentions. To accomplish this, a detailed structural model was constructed, incorporating five essential constructs: job satisfaction, turnover intention, satisfaction with financial factors, satisfaction with non-financial factors and external factors. Design/methodology/approach The research used a questionnaire with 28 items based on established tools, focusing on five different constructs. The model’s validation involved applying structural equation modelling to 147 non-managerial employees in microfinance institutions. Findings The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Satisfaction with financial factors significantly outweighs satisfaction with non-financial factors in shaping job satisfaction. In addition, the impact of external factors on turnover intention was observed to be minimal and inconsequential. Research limitations/implications This review highlights the importance of investigating the moderating factors in the job satisfaction–turnover relationship, distinguishing between types of satisfaction and conducting longitudinal studies across diverse contexts. It notably presents a diverse range of recent findings in this field, emphasising the breadth of the results that have emerged in this area of research. Practical implications Understanding job satisfaction and turnover intention is crucial for microfinance institutions. By prioritising efforts to enhance job satisfaction through improved financial offerings and non-financial factors like a supportive work environment and opportunities for growth, organisations can effectively mitigate turnover rates and foster success. Social implications The study underscores the societal value of supportive work environments beyond just benefits and career opportunities. By understanding the external influences on employee satisfaction, organisations can contribute to building more decent workplaces and promote social well-being, while advocating for social considerations in organisational practices. Originality/value This paper uses a novel integrated model comprising five distinct constructs not previously used together. It stands among the pioneering works that not only elucidate the correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention but also delineate the constituents of job satisfaction itself.

CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATIONS: ITS CONNECTION TO A HEALTHY AND PRODUCTIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT

In this day and age, conflict is a topic that is still being discussed. Conflict cannot be completely avoided in an organization, but it can be managed by minimizing it. The study employed a qualitative approach using systematic literature review methods to analyze and synthesize existing research on organizational conflict and its implications for healthy and productive work environments. Data collection involved reviewing 30 articles from reputable national and international journals, focusing on conflict management, leadership styles, and the impact of external factors on organizational dynamics. Effective conflict management by organizational leaders is essential in fostering a cooperative environment for handling conflicts within teams. Constructive conflict management can lead to positive changes and learning experiences for all parties involved in organizational conflicts. Effective conflict resolution strategies can stimulate innovative problem-solving among employees and prevent a decline in motivation and creativity due to high levels of conflict.

Digital model of hydraulic drive for solar tracker rotary control

An important area in the field of solar energy is considered, focusing on the use of a hydraulic drive in high-power solar trackers. In the context of the relevance of environmental problems and the commitment to energy efficiency, the role of solar trackers in increasing the productivity of solar power plants is investigated. An analysis of current trends in the field of hydraulic drive is presented, highlighting the prospects for its application. The analysis of the directions of improvement of the drives of the solar tracker is carried out. The hydraulic drive of the tracker is considered as an object of regulation. Disturbing loads of various types acting in the process of changing the position of the tracker are determined. The main load acting on the tracker drive is positional, caused by the gas–dynamic effect of the wind flow impinging on the tracker plane or the ambiguity of the behavior of the snow and ice cover. It is determined that the inertial load, when turning a high-power tracker, has a significant effect on the friction forces in the attachment points of the hinge support mechanisms. Options for the implementation of new circuit solutions for the tracker hydraulic drive are considered. Using information from sensors of movement of the rods of hydraulic motors of the tracker position drive, the sun position sensor, the control electronic module positions the solar tracker platform by supplying control signals to the electric hydraulic distributors of the drive. The hydromechanical regulators of the pump adjust the characteristics of the system to a random change in external loads on the tracker. A mathematical model of the hydraulic drive of the basic circuit tracker has been developed. The digital model of the tracker drive is designed to optimize the operation of the hydraulic drive, taking into account various factors such as inertia, viscous damping, hydraulic losses, system nonlinearities, thermal losses, elasticity of elements and the impact of external factors. The results obtained emphasize the efficiency and accuracy of the control system, making the hydraulic drive an important element in the development of clean and efficient energy.

Resilience as a Key Factor in the Success of Women-Led Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Literature Review

Resilience in female entrepreneurship emerges as a critical component that significantly influences the achievement and capacity to overcome challenges inherent in the creation and management of businesses. To address this topic, the present article focused on conducting a systematic review of the scientific literature to examine how resilience stands as a determining factor enabling female entrepreneurs to navigate obstacles and achieve success in their ventures. In line with this objective, a bibliographic methodology was implemented that included synthesizing information from various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. The results reveal a scarcity of publications on this particular topic, thus highlighting the importance of addressing these gaps in the literature. This approach is essential for gaining a more holistic understanding of the relationship between resilience and female entrepreneurship in various contexts. In this sense, the 152 articles analyzed during the research constitute a valuable starting point for future investigations, evidencing the need to delve deeper into the analysis of resilience in the context of female entrepreneurship. Identifying and understanding these gaps in the scientific literature not only enriches the existing knowledge but also guides new research directions that contribute to the advancement and consolidation of this field of study. Consequently, resilience in female entrepreneurship not only acts as a driver for overcoming challenges but also plays a crucial role in building a more equitable and diverse business environment. The scientific evidence found during the systematic literature review is considered an essential component of promoting gender equality and diversity in the business sphere. In the abovementioned review, the relevance of factors such as resilience, self-efficacy, and support networks in the realm of female entrepreneurship is highlighted. These studies provide valuable perspectives that not only enrich existing knowledge but can also guide the development of policies and practices aimed at creating a more inclusive and equitable environment for female entrepreneurs. The interconnection between these elements underscores the importance of considering not only individual resilience but also the impact of external factors and support in fostering a more favorable business ecosystem for women. Received: 17 January 2024 / Accepted: 8 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

The Impact of External Factors on The Evolution Characteristics of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in the Kashi Region

The Impact of External Factors on The Evolution Characteristics of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in the Kashi Region

Impact of External Factors on Determining E-commerce Benefits among SMEs in Jakarta and Palembang

Technological trends have triggered a more advanced technology-based approach to influencing customers and encouraging the growth of the e-commerce industry in Indonesia. E-commerce is now considered a bridge for MSME players to market with a broader reach, even to international markets, which is one of the factors for the rise of Indonesian MSMEs, as well as the growth of the digital economy in Indonesia. However, very few MSMEs are still using technology to grow their business. This article examines how external factors, specifically customers and competitors, can encourage SMEs in Jakarta and Palembang to adopt e-commerce and promote e-commerce adoption. Small and medium enterprises benefit from applying this technology. The research method used was the quantitative conjoint type, using primary data in questionnaires distributed to 101 MSME owners in Jakarta and Palembang using a Google form. The data analysis technique in this study used structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) by examining the measurement model and model structure. The results of this study indicate that perceived customer benefits have a significant influence on external relationships and are found to influence cost reduction, as well as a significant influence on loyalty. customer's status. At the same time, perceptions of competitive value increase relationships with external parties and customer loyalty. In contrast, competitive value only affects customer loyalty without significantly affecting cost reduction and external relations

The dynamics of port competition and efficiency in Vietnam amidst COVID-19: a decadal analysis

Vietnamese seaports play an important role as crossroads for import, export and transformation in delivery from maritime transport to rail, road and inland waterway transport. Over the last two decades, the seaport system has been reformed with the participation of private and foreign investors. Consequently, this issue enhances competition between seaports and brings changes to the seaports’ operations. In this article, the relationship between seaport competition and efficiency is examined in the context of Vietnam, an emerging market economy. The longitudinal data from 2011 to 2022 is collected to quantify the competition degree of Vietnamese seaports and Data Envelopment Analysis is used to measure seaport efficiency. A number of measures are used to quantify the competition level of the seaport system over time, including concentration ratio, Gini index, and Hirschman-Herfindahl Index. Besides, market share at both national and regional levels and distance to the nearest competing seaport are criteria of port-level competition. The results advocate an increasing trend of seaport competition in Vietnam. Moreover, based on Tobit regression models, the competition among seaports relates positively to efficiency using both the 2021-2022 and 2015-2016 data sets. Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of external factors on seaport efficiency is insignificant and inconsistent due to the disruption of logistics systems and disrupted links to the outside environment.

Stocks and Sources of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Non-Native Kandelia obovata Afforestation and Spartina alterniflora Invasion: A Case Study on Northern Margin Mangroves in the Subtropical Coastal Wetlands of China

For decades in China, carbon neutrality policies have spurred the establishment of northern margin mangroves as artificial blue carbon ecosystems. However, there has been limited research on the impact of plantation and invasion on the stocks and sources of soil carbon and nitrogen in rehabilitated coastal wetlands. Non-native Kandelia obovata afforestation began on Ximen Island, Zhejiang, China, where Spartina alterniflora invasion had also occurred decades ago. Soil cores were collected from both mangrove and salt marsh habitats with depths from 0 to 50 cm and were analyzed for total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and the isotope of carbon and nitrogen in sediments. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the TC, SOC, and C/N ratio between the K. obovata and the S. alterniflora, but there were significant differences in TN, isotope δ13C, and δ15N. The SOC content of both ecosystems in the 0–20 cm layer was significantly higher than that in the 30–50 cm layer. Our study has shown that the main sources of carbon and nitrogen for mangroves and salt marshes are different, especially under the impact of external factors, such as tidal waves and aquaculture. These findings provide insight into the ecological functioning of subtropical coastal wetlands and an understanding of the biogeochemical cycles of northern margin mangrove ecosystems.

Diet Mediate the Impact of Host Habitat on Gut Microbiome and Influence Clinical Indexes by Modulating Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites.

The impact of external factors on the human gut microbiota and how gut microbes contribute to human health is an intriguing question. Here, the gut microbiome of 3,224 individuals (496 with serum metabolome) with 109 variables is studied. Multiple analyses reveal that geographic factors explain the greatest variance of the gut microbiome and the similarity of individuals' gut microbiome is negatively correlated with their geographic distance. Main food components are the most important factors that mediate the impact of host habitats on the gut microbiome. Diet and gut microbes collaboratively contribute to the variation of serum metabolites, and correlate to the increase or decrease of certain clinical indexes. Specifically, systolic blood pressure is lowered by vegetable oil through increasing the abundance of Blautia and reducing the serum level of 1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:0/16:1), but it is reduced by fruit intake through increasing the serum level of Blautia improved threonate. Besides, aging-related clinical indexes are also closely correlated with the variation of gut microbes and serum metabolites. In this study, the linkages of geographic locations, diet, the gut microbiome, serum metabolites, and physiological indexes in a Chinese population are characterized. It is proved again that gut microbes and their metabolites are important media for external factors to affect human health.

Progress and evolution of hotspots in butterfly diversity research in green spaces.

Ecosystems depend on biodiversity; therefore, protecting biodiversity is beneficial for the development of ecosystems. Butterflies are indicator species that respond quickly to environmental changes and reflect environmental conditions. Butterfly diversity is a crucial evaluation indicator of habitat quality in green spaces. We used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research relating to butterfly diversity in green spaces. Based on 538 papers published from 2002-2022, we systematically reviewed the status, frontiers, and hotspots for research on butterfly diversity in green spaces. Our results showed that: (1) Research on butterfly diversity in green spaces has consistently demonstrated an upward trend between 2002-2022. Studies on this subject have garnered attention from researchers worldwide, with notable interest and contributions from scholars in the United States. (2) Early studies focused on butterfly habitat preferences and extinction concerns, and later articles appeared on the influence of external environmental factors (land use, climate change, plants, etc.). (3) Three main research topics received much attention between 2002 and 2022: biodiversity conservation, butterfly habitats, and the relationship between butterfly diversity and its influencing factors. (4) The relationship between green spaces and butterfly diversity (landscape features, vegetation features, and human activities) was discussed; these factors on butterfly communities should be considered in the planning and constructing of future green spaces. (5) Two significant future directions have been identified: more research on the impact of external factors and a need for more technical integration with the big data field. Future research on butterfly diversity in green spaces should adopt a more multi-scale, multi-disciplinary approach and aim to enhance the practicality and guidance of research findings.

An Analysis of Optimizing Engagement and Conversions in Pinterest Shopping Through Cross-Channel Integration Strategies

This paper examines the transformative journey of Pinterest from a visual discovery platform to a dynamic shopping hub, focusing on the period spanning 2017 to 2022 in the United States. The study investigates the role of technological innovations and cross-channel integration strategies in optimizing user engagement and conversions on the platform. Utilizing a comprehensive analysis, encompassing statistical trends, shifts in user behavior, and the impact of external factors, the research uncovers critical insights into the evolving e-commerce landscape within Pinterest. The findings underscore the paramount importance of strategic cross-channel integration for businesses aiming to thrive in this dynamic shopping ecosystem.

Impact of external factors on enzymatic catalysis: The case of distal mutations and solvent environment

Impact of external factors on enzymatic catalysis: The case of distal mutations and solvent environment

Unveiling the Transformative Influence: Qualitative Insights into Teachers’ Innovative Work Behavior in Chinese Higher Education

This article uses a qualitative research methodology to delves into the transformative influence of leadership and trust dynamics on teachers’ innovative work behavior in Chinese higher education. Through thematic analysis from 20 educators representing diverse roles, disciplines and institutions from educators, we unveil the essential role of visionary leadership, where leaders inspire a collective sense of purpose by vividly painting the future of education. Concurrently, trust, fostered through transparent communication and shared values, emerges as a cornerstone, creating a safe environment that could inspire educators to experiment with innovative teaching methods. The study also highlights the individual empowerment facilitated by transformative leadership, recognizing and valuing each educator’s unique contributions. While offering valuable insights, this research has limitations, primarily related to the qualitative nature and the specific cultural and institutional context. Suggestions for future research include the use of mixed methods, where both qualitative and quantitative research are important as the use of mixed research methods would be more comprehensive; widening the range of participants and the need to consider the impact of external factors on the educational environment.