Critical Impact Research Articles

The Role of Environmental and Geographical Factors in the Education Process

In the course of human history, continuous learning has been a vital component of societal development, underscoring the crucial role of a standardized educational environment. The academic setting significantly molds students' learning experiences, necessitating a profound comprehension by teaching staff of environmental factors influencing this process. This article aims to investigate the impact of environmental and geographical factors on the educational process, exploring how these elements shape educational environments and conditions. The research employs a comprehensive approach, delving into the diverse characteristics of environmental elements and their role in creating meaning within learning spaces. The study also analyzes key factors such as classroom size and lighting, recognized for their critical impact on optimizing learning environments. Findings offer valuable insights into the influence of environmental and geographical factors on education, unveiling crucial contributing elements to the creation of optimal educational spaces. The study's outcomes provide a foundation for improving educational structures and enhancing learning experiences by emphasizing the need for tailored learning environments aligned with children's behavioral patterns.

Organoids as a biomarker for personalized treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: drug screen optimization and correlation with patient response

BackgroundThe inability to predict treatment response of colorectal cancer patients results in unnecessary toxicity, decreased efficacy and survival. Response testing on patient-derived organoids (PDOs) is a promising biomarker for treatment efficacy. The aim of this study is to optimize PDO drug screening methods for correlation with patient response and explore the potential to predict responses to standard chemotherapies.MethodsWe optimized drug screen methods on 5–11 PDOs per condition of the complete set of 23 PDOs from patients treated for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PDOs were exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. We compared medium with and without N-acetylcysteine (NAC), different readouts and different combination treatment set-ups to capture the strongest association with patient response. We expanded the screens using the optimized methods for all PDOs. Organoid sensitivity was correlated to the patient’s response, determined by % change in the size of target lesions. We assessed organoid sensitivity in relation to prior exposure to chemotherapy, mutational status and sidedness.ResultsDrug screen optimization involved excluding N-acetylcysteine from the medium and biphasic curve fitting for 5-FU & oxaliplatin combination screens. CellTiter-Glo measurements were comparable with CyQUANT and did not affect the correlation with patient response. Furthermore, the correlation improved with application of growth rate metrics, when 5-FU & oxaliplatin was screened in a ratio, and 5-FU & SN-38 using a fixed dose of SN-38. Area under the curve was the most robust drug response curve metric. After optimization, organoid and patient response showed a correlation coefficient of 0.58 for 5-FU (n = 6, 95% CI -0.44,0.95), 0.61 for irinotecan- (n = 10, 95% CI -0.03,0.90) and 0.60 for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (n = 11, 95% CI -0.01,0.88). Median progression-free survival of patients with resistant PDOs to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy was significantly shorter than sensitive PDOs (3.3 vs 10.9 months, p = 0.007). Increased resistance to 5-FU in patients with prior exposure to 5-FU/capecitabine was adequately reflected in PDOs (p = 0.003).ConclusionsOur study emphasizes the critical impact of the screening methods for determining correlation between PDO drug screens and mCRC patient outcomes. Our 5-step optimization strategy provides a basis for future research on the clinical utility of PDO screens.

Impact of Operational Configuration Onboard a Drillship on Main Generator Engine Subcomponents Interval and Maintenance Strategies

Maintenance intervals and approaches for marine equipment have been the subject of numerous studies, focusing on previous failure patterns and associated risks. However, in vessels like drillships, operating under high reliability requirements and possessing significant redundancy, maintenance strategies have a critical impact on overall performance. This study investigates the influence of operational configurations on maintenance intervals and approaches for generator engine subcomponents onboard a drillship. Using data on injector failures onboard drillships, we employ the maintenance concept adjustment and design (MA-CAD) method to analyse and determine maintenance intervals across various operational configurations. Initially, we analyse the failure pattern of fuel injectors and propose a reduction in maintenance intervals through Weibull probability distribution fitting. Additionally, a risk analysis is conducted to assess the impact of operational configurations on risk indices related to fuel injector reliability and safety consequences. Our findings reveal that different operational configurations of the power generation plant can lead to changes in risk indices, shifting injector reliability status from unacceptable to undesirable limits. Consequently, maintenance intervals need to be adjusted as well to ensure optimal performance and safety. Furthermore, considering various engine subcomponents and their reliability under different operational configurations suggests the need for tailored maintenance approaches. This research provides insights into optimising maintenance strategies for drillship, ensuring reliability and safety across diverse operational scenarios.

Impact of Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SUV4-20H2 on Cancer Onset and Progression with Therapeutic Potential.

Histone lysine methyltransferase SUV4-20H2, a member of the suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog (SUV4-20) family, has a critical impact on the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. This methyltransferase establishes the trimethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me3), a repressive histone mark that affects several cellular processes. Deregulated SUV4-20H2 activity has been associated with altered chromatin dynamics, leading to the misregulation of key genes involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis and DNA repair. Emerging research evidence indicates that SUV4-20H2 acts as a potential epigenetic modifier, contributing to the development and progression of several malignancies, including breast, colon and lung cancer, as well as renal, hepatocellular and pancreatic cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie SUV4-20H2-mediated effects on chromatin structure and gene expression may provide valuable insights into novel therapeutic strategies for targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer. Herein, we discuss structural and functional aspects of SUV4-20H2 in cancer onset, progression and prognosis, along with current targeting options.

Shadow and greybody bounding of a regular scale-dependent black hole solution

In this manuscript, we explore the shadow and the greybody bounding characteristics of a regular black hole within 4-dimensional space–time, employing the context of gravity that is scale-dependent. Our focus lies in determining limitations on the parameter denoted as ϵ̃, which serves as a descriptor for the scale-dependent solution with respect to the classically observed shadow radius Rsh as indicated in the documented data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Our result indicates that there is a unique value for ϵ̃ occurring at the reported mean of Rsh and the uncertainties could be the result of the fluctuating value of the scale-dependent parameter. We found that ϵ̃>0 is positive for Sgr. A*, but ϵ̃<0 for M87*. Utilizing M87* as a reference model, we scrutinized the shadow radius and weak deflection angle within the specified constraints. Discrepancies were observed not only in the shadow but also in the deflection angle of photons, particularly when the photon’s impact parameter closely approached the critical impact parameter.

Exploring the Impact of TiO2 and MgO Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Topographical Characteristics of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Composites with Varied Lay-up Sequences: A Taguchi Analysis

A revolutionary composite material, blending Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) with advanced nanofillers like TiO2 and MgO, showcases remarkable versatility in various industries due to its unique properties. The process involves precise control of key factors, including fiber stacking sequence (F.S.S) and nanofiller integration (MgO and TiO2). The vacuum bagging process is employed in the production of nanocomposite laminates. Experimental studies have been conducted to assess the performance of composites with and without nanofillers, with a specific focus on crucial mechanical properties, namely ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S), flexural strength (F.S), impact strength (I.S), and hardness (H). The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design optimizes parameters and enhances mechanical properties. Comparisons reveal significant improvements with nanofillers, including a 31.96% increase in ultimate tensile strength and a substantial 68.43% enhancement in flexural strength. ANOVA results highlight the critical impact of fiber stacking sequence on ultimate tensile strength (63.65%), flexural strength (65.70%), and impact strength (9.30%), while nanofillers play a lesser role, contributing 11.71% to ultimate tensile strength, 2.66% to flexural strength, and 3.61% to impact strength. Notably, in composite hardness, nanofillers play a more significant role, contributing 39.22%, while the influence of fiber stacking sequence is lower at 3.29%.

Analysis of the Impact of BOPO, FDR, NOM and NPF on ROA of Indonesian Sharia Commercial Banks Registered with the OJK

Return on Resources (ROA) is a marker used to evaluate the effectiveness of an organization in producing benefits utilizing the resources it possesses. The point of this examination is to distinguish factors that impact the degree of organization benefit. Specialists use organization size factors, BOPO, FDR, NOM, and NPF on ROA. The example in this study was 12 banks, and 15 banks had a populace since 3 banks were not deserving of examination in Sharia Business Banks enlisted with the OJK in the period 2019 - 2022. Signaling Theory and Agency Theory are utilized in this study. This examination classification incorporates quantitative strategies utilizing an acquainted methodology, the focal point of which is investigating the effect of at least two factors and utilizing auxiliary information. The tests in this examination are the Traditional Supposition test and Numerous Straight Relapse Test. The consequences of this exploration show that there is an impact between all free factors on the reliant variable, there are two factors that have a huge positive impact (FDR and NOM), and there are two factors that have a critical adverse impact (BOPO and NPF). It is hoped that the findings of this study will help banks manage the factors that affect their level of profitability in order to boost profitability. It is likewise trusted that this study can turn into a reference for lenders and borrowers to survey banking execution all the more effectively and give a premise to navigation. It is hoped that it will provide additional variables that influence bank profitability as a direction for future research.Return on Resources (ROA) is a marker used to evaluate the effectiveness of an organization in producing benefits utilizing the resources it possesses. The point of this examination is to distinguish factors that impact the degree of organization benefit. Specialists use organization size factors, BOPO, FDR, NOM, and NPF on ROA. The example in this study was 12 banks, and 15 banks had a populace since 3 banks were not deserving of examination in Sharia Business Banks enlisted with the OJK in the period 2019 - 2022. Signaling Theory and Agency Theory are utilized in this study. This examination classification incorporates quantitative strategies utilizing an acquainted methodology, the focal point of which is investigating the effect of at least two factors and utilizing auxiliary information. The tests in this examination are the Traditional Supposition test and Numerous Straight Relapse Test. The consequences of this exploration show that there is an impact between all free factors on the reliant variable, there are two factors that have a huge positive impact (FDR and NOM), and there are two factors that have a critical adverse impact (BOPO and NPF). It is hoped that the findings of this study will help banks manage the factors that affect their level of profitability in order to boost profitability. It is likewise trusted that this study can turn into a reference for lenders and borrowers to survey banking execution all the more effectively and give a premise to navigation. It is hoped that it will provide additional variables that influence bank profitability as a direction for future research.

Evaluating the Intellectual Capital of Intensively Tourism-Dependent Countries Between, Prior, and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The tourism industry has grappled with the challenges posed by the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since the start of 2020, experiencing a complete lockdown that profoundly affected travel activities. This viral outbreak had a critical impact on both the financial and non-financial aspects of life, including the intellectual capital (IC) of the tourism and hospitality sectors. However, there is a scarcity of studies addressing this issue within the context of tourism-related businesses. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the changes in the overall IC and its components before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on understanding the transformation of IC in the tourism industry of Thailand, a country that is highly dependent on tourism. The study involved 37 tourism-related companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). Organizational data from financial and annual reports published between 2019 and 2020 were collected for analysis. The assessment of value added intellectual capital (VAICTM) was employed to evaluate the performance of the overall IC and its components during the pandemic. The results, based on the testing of four hypotheses, indicated that most hypotheses were accepted, signifying a substantial transformation in the overall IC performance of tourism-related companies during the pandemic crisis. This transformation was observed in the IC components of physical and human capitals. However, the structural capital was the only IC component that did not experience a significant impact from COVID-19. To comprehend the reasons and effects of the IC transformations during the pandemic, this study delved into the relevant literature. Additionally, the paper includes implications to support firms in preparing for future challenges.

The Simulation of Bracciano Lake (Central Italy) Levels Based on Hydrogeological Water Budget: A Tool for Lake Water Management when Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts Occur

Bracciano Lake is one of the major water bodies of Lazio region and the eighth lake in Italy by area. Similarly to other water bodies located on the Tyrrhenian side of the Italian Peninsula, Bracciano Lake has a volcanic origin. This water body is a strategic resource for both the emergency and ordinary water supply of Rome megacity, thanks to the short distance (about 30 km). During the last years, the concurrence of climate change and anthropogenic activities led to important water level drops of the lake: the last and worst in 2017, when the lake faced the most important water crisis of its entire history, with a critical impact on the ecological system and the consequent interruption of water supply. This paper, using the inverse hydrogeological water budget (HWB) method in a GIS environment, aims to define the water budget of Bracciano Lake on a 15-year time series (2008–2022), providing a framework of climate change and human impacts on lake water levels. The outputs have been used for the simulation of lake water levels during the same period, with a focus on the drought of 2017. The variation between simulated and observed level is, on average, 2 cm and in any case never more than 28 cm. Results show the fragile balance between inputs and outputs, highlighting the need for sustainable management of both surface water and groundwater withdrawals from the surrounding aquifer.

Comparison of Schlemm's Canal Morphology Parameters Between Propensity Score-Matched Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Exfoliation Glaucoma.

This study aimed to histologically compare the status of Schlemm's canal (SC) and Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells between trabeculectomy specimens from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliation glaucoma (EXG). A total of 182 eyes from 152 patients with POAG and 138 eyes from 116 patients with EXG underwent immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin. Equal numbers of cases were selected from both groups using propensity score matching. The following parameters were evaluated: total SC length, staining positive and negative SC length (PSC and NSC, respectively), opened and closed SC length, staining positive and opened SC length, staining positive and closed SC length, staining negative and opened SC length (NOSC), and staining negative and closed SC length. After matching for age and gender, 87 cases were selected in each group. The EXG group had significantly higher preoperative IOP and medication scores. PSC was significantly longer in the POAG group, while NSC and NOSC were longer in the EXG group. Multiple regression analysis of these 174 cases revealed that PSC was significantly shorter in the EXG group. After matching for age, gender, preoperative IOP, and medication score, 64 cases were selected in each group, and NOSC was significantly longer in the EXG group. These findings suggest that in EXG, SCE loss occurs independently of background factors such as aging and medication use. The loss of SCE may have a more critical impact on IOP elevation in EXG compared to POAG.

Ion Sieve Interface Assisted Zinc Anode with High Zinc Utilization and Ultralong Cycle Life for 61 Wh/kg Mild Aqueous Pouch Battery.

The cycling stability of a thin zinc anode under high zinc utilization has a critical impact on the overall energy density and practical lifetime of zinc ion batteries. In this study, an ion sieve protection layer (ZnSnF@Zn) was constructed in situ on the surface of a zinc anode by chemical replacement. The ion sieve facilitated the transport and desolvation of zinc ions at the anode/electrolyte interface, reduced the zinc deposition overpotential, and inhibited side reactions. Under a 50% zinc utilization, the symmetrical battery with this protection layer maintained stable cycling for 250 h at 30 mA cm-2. Matched with high-load self-supported vanadium-based cathodes (18-20 mg cm-2), the coin battery with 50% zinc utilization possessed an energy density retention of 94.3% after 1000 cycles at 20 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the assembled pouch battery delivered a whole energy density of 61.3 Wh kg-1, surpassing the highest mass energy density among reported mild zinc batteries, and retained 76.7% of the energy density and 85.3% (0.53 Ah) of the capacity after 300 cycles.

A Systematic Literature Review: Design and Control of Warehouse Order Picking in Development of E-commerce Transaction

Order picking is the process of retrieving items from storage to meet a specific customer order, which is known to be the most labor-intensive and costly function among all the warehouse functions. This function is also important in that it has a critical impact on downstream customer service especially in facing the current covid-19 pandemic. This research aims to provide information, description and more comprehensively identifies the design and control of warehouse order picking by using empirical literature review. In this research, the stages are Identification of potential study, Study Selection based on criteria, quality assessment, data extraction, and data analysis. A systematic literature review identified 37 relevant articles for the research purpose. These articles focus on the design and control of warehouse order picking, aiming to enhance e-commerce transactions.

Influence of Nano-Particulate Impurities and β-glucans on the Stability of Protein-Based Formulations.

Pharmaceutical grade sugars manufactured under Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and complied with International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) quality standards, also contain a significant amount of nano-particulate impurities (NPIs). This review will focus on the origin of NPIs, the mechanism of their interference with Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and endotoxin tests, filtration technology to effectively reduce the NPIs, methodologies for analytical quantification of NPIs, guidance for setting the limits of threshold concentration and the overall impact of NPIs on the therapeutic activity, performance, stability of biopharmaceuticals and protein-based formulations. NPIs with an average particle size of 100 to 200 nm are present in sugars and are a combination of various chemicals such as dextrans (with the presence of β-glucans), ash, inorganic metal salts, aromatic colorants, etc. These NPIs primarily originate from raw materials and cannot be removed during the sugar refinement process. While it is commonly believed that filtering the final formulation with a 0.22 μ sterilizing grade filter removes all microbes and particles, it is important to note that NPIs cannot be filtered using this standard sterile filtration technology. Exceeding the threshold limit of NPIs can have detrimental effects on formulations containing proteins, monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs), nucleic acids, and other biopharmaceuticals. NPIs and β-glucans have a critical impact on the functionality and therapeutic activity of biomolecules and if present below the threshold limit of reaction, stability and shelf-life of biologics formulation will be greatly improved and the risk of immunogenic reactions must be significantly decreased.

Scenario Planning Approach of Coal Market Sales on PT ABCoal Towards Energy Transitions Era

Nowadays, energy transition is one of the major events faced by coal producers, particularly Indonesian coal producers. PT ABCoal is one of the largest coal producers in Indonesia. Based on the company’s 5-year plan, PT ABCoal is expected to increase its production volume from 25 to 30 million metric tons to around 35 to 45 million metric tons. Within the export market, most of the sales (around 50%) were sold to the Chinese market through off-takers. Meanwhile, the 25% for the domestic market is obliged by the Indonesian government regulation and is not negotiable. This research aimed to understand the future condition of the coal market within the next five years and what scenario would likely happen in the next five years. Afterward, it would try to provide the coal sales strategy that will fit into those scenarios using explorative scenario planning with expert interviews to obtain the perspective and knowledge from an interviewee who has expertise in this field. The obtained answers are then mapped into the PESTLE analysis framework to obtain more understanding and collect thorough driving forces data. The critical impact and high uncertainty were determined through qualitative-quantitative analysis from interview results using content analysis. Based on the analysis in this research, it is concluded that the top driving forces that are being used for scenario elements are coal price and government regulation. This research creates four scenarios that are called business as usual, finding a new home, home sweet home, and more is better. Each scenario needs a different approach to coal sales strategy to optimize its revenue and ensure the sustainability of its selling operation. The coal sales strategy optimization for each scenario is based on domestic and export composition, preferable domestic industry target composition, and developing-country export composition.

The Influence of Experiential Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Brand Image on Customer Loyalty for Everwhite Beauty Products

This inquire about points to evaluate the impact of Experiential Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Brand Image on Client Dependability for Everwhite excellence items. The sampling technique used a questionnaire technique with the number of research samples was 100 respondents. Speculation test comes about demonstrate that Experiential Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Brand Image have a positive and critical impact on customer loyalty for Everwhite beauty products. These show that the stronger the Experiential Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Brand Image, the more client dependability for Everwhite beauty products will increase. The comes about of coefficient of assurance (r²) test gotten an r square coefficient (r²) esteem of 0.523, which suggests that Experiential Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Brand Image contribute to client dependability by 52.3%. Therefore, these there variables together will have a positive and noteworthy impact on client dependability for Everwhite magnificence items.

They have a point: Testing strategies to improve receptivity to interracial criticism and promote behavioral change

People tend to be more resistant to criticism of their own group when it is given by outgroup members as opposed to ingroup members because they view the criticism as less constructive and legitimate when delivered by an outsider—a phenomenon known as the intergroup sensitivity effect, or ISE. The present study (N = 827) examines the effectiveness of two rhetorical techniques—balanced criticism (delivering criticism of one’s own group in addition to the target group) and buttering up (delivering praise alongside criticism) in reducing the ISE among European Americans, African Americans, and Latino Americans. The impact of criticism on intentions to engage in corrective behavior was also explored. Participants read a fictitious interview excerpt containing criticism of their racial group delivered by a racial ingroup or outgroup member and then rated the critic and their statement on several dimensions. We found buttering up reduces the ISE among European Americans and Latino Americans, but not African Americans, while critiquing one’s own racial group alongside the target group is ineffective in reducing the ISE for the three examined groups. Additionally, we found African Americans were more willing to engage in corrective behavior to address criticism directed toward their racial group than their European American or Latino American counterparts. However, contrary to previous research, the group membership of the critic did not affect participants’ willingness to engage in corrective action. These findings contribute to our understanding of interracial dynamics in the United States and illuminate how to facilitate interracial criticism.

Soluble urate-induced effects on cytokine production in vitro – Assessment of methodologies and cell types

BackgroundHyperuricemia has been shown to be an inducer of pro-inflammatory mediators by human primary monocytes. To study the deleterious effects of hyperuricemia, a reliable and stable in vitro model using soluble urate is needed. One recent report showed different urate-dissolving methods resulted in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of dissolving urate on both primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 cells. The two methods tested were ‘pre-warming’ and ‘dissolving with NaOH’. MethodsPrimary human PBMCs and THP-1 cells were exposed to urate solutions, prepared using the two methodologies: pre-warming and dissolving with NaOH. Afterwards, cells were stimulated with various stimuli, followed by the measurement of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1Ra, TNF, IL-8, and MCP-1. ResultsIn PBMCs, we observed an overall pro-inflammatory effect of urate, both in the pre-warming and the NaOH dissolving method. A similar pro-inflammatory effect was seen in THP-1 cells for both dissolving methods after restimulation. However, THP-1 cells exhibited pro-inflammatory profile with exposure to urate alone without restimulation. We did not find MSU crystals in our cellular assays. ConclusionsOverall, the urate dissolving methods do not have critical impact on its inflammatory properties. Soluble urate prepared using either of the two methods showed mostly pro-inflammatory effects on human primary PBMCs and monocytic cell line THP-1. However, human primary PBMCs and the THP-1 differ in their response to soluble urate without restimulation.

Impact of the circadian clock on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology

Circadian rhythms are the innate approximately 24-hour oscillations that orchestrate a multitude of physiological processes encompassing sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, thermoregulation, metabolism, and behavioral patterns. Also, those rhythms are intrinsically governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ensconced in the anterior hypothalamic region. The SCN, synchronized during daylight hours receives and transmits diverse bodily signals to calibrate physiological dynamics, and imbue disturbances with potential repercussions reverberating across a plethora of physiological and behavioral domains. Previous studies have proven that the diurnal changes in the circadian rhythm multiple myocardial processes and have a critical impact on the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. This comprehensive review emphasizes the profound influence of circadian rhythms, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, on cardiovascular health. It reveals that disruptions in circadian rhythms impact blood pressure, myocardial function, platelet responsiveness, and the autonomic nervous system, all of which are critical for cardiovascular well-being. The significance of this research lies in its potential to guide interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention and management, particularly in the context of modern challenges like shift work. Understanding this intricate relationship is crucial for safeguarding cardiovascular health in our fast-paced world.

Assessment of critical impact of superbugs in human health: A known beyond

A superbug is described as a bacterium that has seen to develop resistance to traditional treatment of antibiotics. The World health organization has produced the first-ever fulfilled report on the AMR danger, which consists the information from 114 nations and ranks it amongst the one of the severe global health hazards of the 21 century. Every year, about 1 million people die due to the non-treatable drug-resistant diseases caused by these superbugs. Bacterial resistance is on the rise, putting many of our current antibacterial treatments in danger. Discovery of brand-new antibiotics has lagged behind the growth of germs resistant to them. Numerous novel approaches to target different substances in bacterial cells have been developed and are being researched. The present review emphasizes on the various types of superbugs with its possible solution. Also, it illustrates that, we should not be startled by the fast emergence of resistant pathogens dubbed "superbugs" by the media but what has been astonishing is the rapidity with which these superbugs have evolved and spread resistance, frequently at little or no cost to their health. The article provides an overview of the most prevalent forms of superbugs and potential novel medicines that might be utilized in a clinical setting shortly to fight these superbugs.

Intercropping Systems to Modify Bioactive Compounds and Nutrient Profiles in Plants: Do We Have Enough Information to Take This as a Strategy to Improve Food Quality? A Review.

Various environmental, food security and population health problems have been correlated with the use of intensive agriculture production systems around the world. This type of system leads to the loss of biodiversity and natural habitats, high usage rates of agrochemicals and natural resources, and affects soil composition, human health, and nutritional plant quality in rural areas. Agroecological intercropping systems that respect agrobiodiversity, on the other hand, can significantly benefit ecosystems, human health, and food security by modifying the nutritional profile and content of some health-promoting bioactive compounds in the species cultivated in this system. However, research on intercropping strategies focuses more on the benefits they can offer to ecosystems, and less on plant nutrient composition, and the existing information is scattered. The topic merits further study, given the critical impact that it could have on human nutrition. The aim of this review is therefore to collect viable details on the status of research into the profile of nutrients and bioactive compounds in intercropping systems in different regions of the world with unique mixed crops using plant species, along with the criteria for combining them, as well as the nutrients and bioactive compounds analyzed, to exemplify the possible contributions of intercropping systems to food availability and quality.