Impact of the circadian clock on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology

Abstract

Circadian rhythms are the innate approximately 24-hour oscillations that orchestrate a multitude of physiological processes encompassing sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, thermoregulation, metabolism, and behavioral patterns. Also, those rhythms are intrinsically governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ensconced in the anterior hypothalamic region. The SCN, synchronized during daylight hours receives and transmits diverse bodily signals to calibrate physiological dynamics, and imbue disturbances with potential repercussions reverberating across a plethora of physiological and behavioral domains. Previous studies have proven that the diurnal changes in the circadian rhythm multiple myocardial processes and have a critical impact on the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. This comprehensive review emphasizes the profound influence of circadian rhythms, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, on cardiovascular health. It reveals that disruptions in circadian rhythms impact blood pressure, myocardial function, platelet responsiveness, and the autonomic nervous system, all of which are critical for cardiovascular well-being. The significance of this research lies in its potential to guide interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention and management, particularly in the context of modern challenges like shift work. Understanding this intricate relationship is crucial for safeguarding cardiovascular health in our fast-paced world.