Impact Of Anthropogenic Factors Research Articles

Impact of anthropogenic factor on changes in physical and chemical properties of chernozems in the lake Sevan basin of the republic of Armenia

This article focuses on the study of changes in the physical and chemical composition of mountain chernozems of the Republic of Armenia under the influence of an anthropogenic factor. It is established that under long-term and unsystematic agricultural use of chernozems in arable variants of soils, in comparison with virgin soil, significant changes in their physical and chemical properties are observed. Especially, absorption capacity decreases as a result of reduction of such important bases as absorbed calcium and magnesium. To improve the physical and chemical properties, increase fertility, effective use, and protection of mountain chernozems of the Lake Sevan basin of the Republic of Armenia, it is necessary to develop and apply a complete scientifically substantiated system of agrotechnical measures.

Mathematical model for conservation of biological diversity

This article discusses a mathematical model designed to analyze the dynamics of populations and their interactions in an ecosystem. The model is based on a system of Lotka-Volterra differential equations, extended to take into account additional environmental factors such as climate change, natural resource use, and the impact of anthropogenic factors. Creating a mathematical model for the conservation of biological diversity is a complex task that requires taking into account many factors and interactions between them. The model includes coefficients describing population growth rates, their interactions, and diffusion, which takes into account the spatial distribution of species. The study demonstrates the application of the model using the example of an ecosystem in the dry regions of Uzbekistan, where interactions between plant populations and parasitic insects are examined. The modeling results make it possible to predict changes in the ecosystem in response to various climatic and anthropogenic impacts, as well as to develop adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. The proposed model is a powerful tool for environmental research, allowing not only to understand current processes in ecosystems, but also to predict their future state. Thus, the model contributes to the development of effective measures for environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources.

Переход к экономике замкнутого цикла в рамках комплексного управления водными ресурсами. Обзор методов оценки

The transition from a linear water use model to a circular economy (CE) is an urgent task in the context of growing freshwater shortages, pollution of natural water bodies and climate change. It is important to integrate «grey» (engineered) infrastructure with «green» (in particular, with nature-based solutions) infrastructure, which will connect water systems managed by humans and nature. Addressing these issues requires developing approaches to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the economic impact of CE in the water sector from a systems perspective, to develop a circular policy. The object of study are linear and circular models of water resources (WR) management. The subject of the study is the prospects for the transition to integrated WR management, considering alternative types of water supply, supported by assessments. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the relevance of the transition to integrated WR management, including solutions aimed at the transition to closed circular cycle water systems; consideration of circular strategies inherent in WR; review of approaches for assessing circular solutions in the water sector. The authors proceed from the following: the generally accepted definition of a CE in the water sector is one of the decisive factors for the successful transition to circular systems; the concept of a CE appears to be one of the key approaches to achieving sustainable development of the water sector; nature-based solutions are seen as an important tool for environmental conservation, providing additional benefits (improving urban microclimate, water quality, preserving biodiversity, reducing the impact of anthropogenic factors on water bodies); integration impact assessment approaches for CE in the water sector contributes to comprehensive assessment of circular solutions. Conclusions: integrated water resources management must consider alternative water supplies; systemic changes caused by the transition to a CE in the water sector should be given priority attention, giving preference to solutions integrating traditional and «green» infrastructure; the transition to CE requires the development of approaches (with the ability to adapt and scale them to specific conditions) for the economic assessment of the systemic impact of circular water systems. The study is aimed at researchers and decision makers in the field of WR management. The conclusions drawn can be used in developing strategies for the development of water management and making decisions at various levels. A systematic literature review methodology was used, based on tracking keywords in articles posted in scientific electronic libraries; scientometric analysis; analytical and logical methods for process analysis in the context of CE and water management.

Formation of pollen of different quality in some fruit trees under the influence of technogenic pollution

This article focuses on investigating the impact of anthropogenic factors on fruit-bearing trees - specifically, apple, cherry, apricot, walnut, and quince - in urban environments. The study delves into the influence of technogenic pollution on these plant species, conducting an ecological comparison of heavy metal accumulation in plants situated in both polluted and relatively dusty environments. Through a comprehensive analysis of scientific data, the article provides valuable insights for biomonitoring and environmental protection. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between urbanizationinduced pollution and plant life, offering crucial information that can inform measures for safeguarding the environment. The work represents a significant advancement in the realm of environmental science, shedding light on the ecological implications of human activities on the plant kingdom within urban landscapes.

Study of temporal changes in the hydrographic network of small mountain rivers in the Ile Alatau, Kazakhstan

Abstract The article presents the outcomes of an assessment of hydrographic network changes within the Almaty city, utilizing geographic information system (GIS) technology and Earth remote sensing data. Two gauge stations were selected along the main rivers within the Almaty city. To identify distinctive alterations in these rivers, hydrological data series encompassing the maximum runoff from 1970 to 2021 were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Differential integral curves were constructed to pinpoint periods corresponding to peak and trough runoff levels. For each of these identified periods, the processing of satellite imagery allowed for the computation of meandering coefficients for the river channels. Additionally, refinements were made to the slope values of the rivers during these same timeframes, and connectivity graphs were established to elucidate the relationship between slope and liquid runoff for each period. The analysis encompassed an assessment of the impact of anthropogenic factors on both artificial and natural bodies of water while also considering shifts in the boundaries of the Almaty city. The findings derived from this study have practical applications in the planning and design of water supply systems and in the implementation of measures aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of anthropogenic factors on water bodies.

Evaluating the impact of dam construction on extreme shrinkage of Urmia Lake using spatial data.

In this study, the extreme shrinkage of Urmia Lake is investigated, aiming to assess the impact of anthropogenic factors, particularly the over-construction of dams and natural anomalies associated with climate change. Historically available multispectral spatial data obtained from Landsat missions 4-5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI were utilized which totally covers a period of 36 years (1967-2020). Additionally, this data was employed to identify the locations of constructed water reservoirs and determine their construction timelines by analyzing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). To examine the temporal patterns of annual precipitation in the lake basin, we obtained time series data from historical precipitation records, which were then converted into rasterized format. Our findings indicate that approximately 22% of the lake basin has been designated for feeding dam reservoirs. The impact of precipitation anomalies on the lake's water level was found to be relatively less significant when compared to the increased storage capacity of the dams. Furthermore, the construction of dams prior to 2000 contributed to enhancing the lake's stability during periods of drought. However, the substantial increase in the total storage capacity of dams after 2000 has significantly accelerated the shrinkage process. As a result, it was concluded that any effective rescue plan should prioritize ignoring a considerable portion of the reservoirs' storage capacity by releasing stored water, thereby allowing the lake to attain a stable condition.

Гістологічна структура зябер карася сріблястого річки Самара Дніпропетровської області

Purpose. To study the histological structure of the gill apparatus of the Prussian carp (Сarassius gibelio) from the point of view of the presence of pathologies with differentiation according to areas with different levels of anthropogenic pressure of the Samara River in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Methodology. The generalized sutdy results were obtained during 2019–2021. The study was conducted within three sampling sites with different types of human impact. The object of the study were age-6 Prussian carps of both sexes. Histological studies were performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. Gills were obtained by anatomical dissection from freshly caught fish. Photographs of histological specimens were taken using a digital camera “SciencelabT5005.17M” and an microscope “Ulab XY-B2TLED”. Measurements of the samples were performed using the “ScienceLabView7”. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in MS Excel 2010. Findings. The conducted histological studies showed that pathological changes in the structure of the gill apparatus were observed in age-6 Prussian carps in all sampling sites of the Samara River. In particular, such pathologies as curvature of lamellae terminals, accumulation of mucus and hyperplasia of the epithelium of gill filaments, fusion of lamellae were found. Single cases of necrosis and twisting of lamellae threads were recorded. Most often, histopathological changes in the gill apparatus were observed in fish caught near the city Novomoskovsk. Organometric studies showed that there was no significant difference between the length and width of gill arches of Prussian carp from different sampling sites. The length and width of the lamellae of the gill apparatus was the largest in individuals sampled near the city Novomoskovsk, which may indicate a greater need for oxygen for the fish body in the specified area. The length of the respiratory lamellae was the lowest in Prissian carp sampled near the village of Novoselivka. The lowest width of the lamellae were found in fish from the village of Khashcheve. The obtained data give reason to conclude that the conditions of existence for Prussian carp are most favorable near the village of Novoselivka. Originality. For the first time the histological structure and pathology of the gills aparatus of Prussian carp in the conditions of the Samara River in the Dnipropetrovsk region was studied. Practical value. The obtained data on the histological changes of the gill apparatus of fish can be used to identify adaptive reactions, will allow assessing the impact of anthropogenic factors on hydrobionts, and will also provide the opportunity to monitor the morpho-physiological state of a specific population under the impact of pollutants of various origins. Key words: Prussian carp, gill apparatus, morphological and histological indicators.

Spatiotemporal differentiation and mechanism of anthropogenic factors affecting ecosystem service value in the Urban Agglomeration around Poyang Lake, China

Clarifying the impact of anthropogenic factors on ecosystem service value (ESV) is crucial to achieving sustainable development. However, the dynamics of human-disturbed complex ESVs vary from region to region, and the specific mechanism of this remains unclear, confusing land use planning. Therefore, this study focuses on the Urban Agglomeration around Poyang Lake in a typical area of China, uses the improved equivalent factor to analyze ESV estimation and spatial–temporal change, and employs Geographically Weighted Regression model and Geographical Detectors to explore the regional differences and impact mechanisms of anthropogenic factors on ESV. The results indicate that ESV in the study area has increased from 2000 to 2020, with a slowed-down growth rate. Spatially, ESV shows a decreasing trend from the core area to the periphery area as the distance from the lake increases. Further analysis reveals significant spatial heterogeneity in the impact of anthropogenic factors on ESV, with more potent interaction effects than single effects. Specifically, there is a strong interaction between urban development factors and industrial/agricultural factors. Furthermore, the anthropogenic-driven forces affecting ESV become increasingly complex from the core area to the peripheral area. These findings provide valuable insights into the distribution, dynamics, and mechanisms of ESV.

A study of the dynamics of the flow and the round process in urbanized areas of plain rivers

This article analyzes the materials concerning the study of the dynamics of the flow and the channel process in urban areas in the delta of the Amudarya river. In this section, the regularities of the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the dynamics of the river flow and the course of channel processes were studied. The scale of the impact of urbanization factors that significantly change the course of the channel process is determined and the structural levels of channel forms are assessed. The most cost-effective method for cleaning river beds from polluted bottom sediments by specially created volley water discharges from the upper pool of existing hydroelectric facilities is proposed. Changes in the channel processes in the delta of the Amudarya river under the influence of annually recurring catastrophic low water and strong wind erosion are shown. The time scales at various structural levels of the channel process have been refined. The article used general scientific research methods based on the analysis and generalization of natural and experimental materials.

The ecological determinancy of development of bronchial asthma in adult population (as exemplified by the Republic of the North Ossetia-Alania

The intensive impact of anthropogenic factors on health causes more than 40% of all human diseases. First of all, it has to do with respiratory organs and comes out as the main determinant of development of chronic respiratory pathology. The article presents an assessment of negative impact of environmental factors on dynamics of increasing of incidence of bronchial asthma morbidity in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The indicators of the general morbidity that increased up to 75.6% and for the first time detected up to 97.5% over six-year period. The results of present study correspond with the results of similar studies implemented in various territories of Russia indicating at mediation of increasing of bronchial asthma morbidity by negative impact of environment risk factors. In the Republic, over a period of many decades, contribution of the metallurgical plant producing zinc, cadmium, sulfuric acid and zinc-aluminum alloys, to atmospheric air pollution made up not less than 40%. Only two out of eight rural municipal districts are relatively environmentally problem-free today. In rural areas, more than 50% of atmospheric air pollutants is related to carbon oxide. Nowadays, along with industrial emissions into atmospheric air and their accumulation, increases importance of motor transport in environmental pollution. The cars account for 50-70% of all harmful emissions. The presence of harmful substances contained in exhaust gases exceeds permissible standards by 2-3 times. According to the data of systematic analysis of urban air quality, most of the year citizens breathe atmospheric air not meeting normative requirements. The actual situation favors development of bronchial asthma. In the Republic, its morbidity has not decreased for many decades. To improve indicators of bronchial asthma morbidity can be achieved by leveling harmful effects of environment through identification of main sources of environmental troubles. The priority is both to decrease industrial emissions that pollute atmosphere and to transit to more ecologically safe modern power supplies of motor transport facilities.

Anthropogenic threats associated with mortality and biomass of stranded sea turtles on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

ABSTRACT Beach monitoring programmes along the Brazilian coast in recent years have provided stranding data which can be analysed to show the effects of human impacts on sea turtle populations. In Brazil, the five species recorded are threatened with extinction. In this study, data from strandings of sea turtles on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, over six years (2015–2021), were used to evaluate whether human activities are associated with impacts on the populations and to analyse the effects of seasonality on abundance. There were 6411 strandings of sea turtles, the majority being Chelonia mydas, followed by Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Eretmochelys imbricata and Dermochelys coriacea. Strandings occurred mainly during winter and spring. Where it was possible to determine the cause of death of an individual, there were several associations with anthropogenic factors, mainly solid waste, fishing gear, collisions with vessels, injuries and dredging. The high incidence of strandings of sea turtles on the Brazilian coast, mostly juveniles, and the great impact of anthropogenic factors in the causa mortis indicate the need to adopt ocean education strategies and public policies that can establish effective management and conservation plans of marine ecosystems.

Report on the impact of anthropogenic factors on the properties and functions of soils from a selected area of Central European Lowland province

PurposeThe study aims to assess the impact of human activity on the content and migration of trace elements in soil profiles of various physico-chemical properties. The research hypothesis assumed that human impact related to the functioning of buildings, agriculture, industry and communication negatively affected the trace element contents and physico-chemical properties of soils in a selected urban area (the Grudziądz Basin).Materials and methodsSeven soil exposures were made in areas that differed in land use and soil type over an area totalling approx. 200 ha. In the soil profiles, samples of soil of disturbed structure were taken from each genetic horizon. Selected physico-chemical properties of soils were determined: soil texture, soil pH, TOC, CaCO3 content. The total content of heavy metals in the soils was determined by AAS after digestion in hydrofluoric acid and bioavailable forms in 1 M DTPA. The sources of elements in the studied soils were assessed using the following indices: Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Contamination Factor (CF).Results and discussionThe sand fraction dominated the examined soil profiles, with its content ranging widely and averaging 64.7%. In general, the humus horizons had lower pH values than the deeper layers and parent rock horizons. The organic carbon content ranged from 0.07 to 4.64%. The vertical decomposition of total N was strongly related to the decomposition of organic carbon. The highest metal contents in the soil samples were for zinc, and then for nickel. Conversely, the lowest concentrations were for mercury. Most of the profiles had higher contents of the analysed elements in their upper horizons. The humus horizons were characterised by the accumulation of Cr, Hg, Zn and Fe. The samples from the soil profiles were highest in bioavailable forms of zinc and nickel.ConclusionsThe assessment of human impact on the concentrations and migration of trace elements in profiles of agricultural soils found the contents of heavy metals to be variable. Only in a few profiles were EF values for Cd, Pb and Ni found to indicate the effects of human activity. Likewise, CF and Igeo attest to only slight contamination in the research area.

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И СЕЗОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ В ВИСЛИНСКОМ ЗАЛИВЕ БАЛТИЙСКОГО МОРЯ В 2020–2022 гг.

To study current hydrochemical conditions in the Vistula Lagoon and the trend of their change under changing anthropogenic impact in 2020–2022 seasonal variability and spatial distribution of hydrochemical parameters (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, mineral forms of phosphorus and nitrogen) were investigated. The water body is exposed to intense anthropogenic impact from the Kaliningrad agglomeration, the nature of which has undergone qualitative changes in recent years, therefore, a comparative analysis was carried out with the period 2007–2016, which preceded the launch of modern treatment facilities in Kaliningrad. The Vistula Lagoon is characterized by spatial variability of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions, which was considered for 4 different types of regions (eastern, near-Baltic, central and Primorskaya Bay). The impact of anthropogenic factors on the dynamics of hydrochemical conditions had the greatest impact on the eastern region and Primorskaya Bay. The eastern region of the lagoon accounts for the main inflow of nutrients from the catchment area (from the Pregola River), and since 2016 the wastewater outlet from Kaliningrad is located here. Compared to the period before 2016, in the eastern area a significant increase of BOD5, a decrease of dissolved oxygen concentrations, a multiple excess of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in comparison with the all of the water area lagoon were recorded. In the Primorskaya Bay, where until 2016 low-purity wastewater was supplied from the city of Kaliningrad, in 2020–2022 pollution for most of the studied indicators (BOD5, phosphate phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen) decreased and corresponded to the average values for the water area. The near-Baltic and central regions are strongly affected by natural conditions (sea water inflows), where in 2020–2022, as in the previous period, lower concentrations of nutrients were observed due to the remoteness from the main sources of pollution. Despite the decrease in the intensity of local pollution in the Primorskaya Bay in 2020–2022, the concentrations of mineral forms of nutrients remained at high levels, providing intensive development of algae (including the growth of BOD5) and eutrophication of the Vistula Lagoon.

Theoretical-definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for investigating the management of environmental safety in an enterprise

Relevance of the research topic. Modern requirements for enterprises include compliance with environmental norms and standards to ensure not only the safety of people's lives and health but also the preservation of the natural environment. Such an approach is a necessary condition for the development of sustainable business and ensuring economic stability of enterprises in the long term. Problem statement. Environmental safety management of enterprises is one of the most pressing and complex problems faced by business structures today. On the one hand, companies are interested in maximizing sales of their goods and services, while on the other hand, they must comply with the requirements of state legislation and international recommendations in the field of environmental protection. Analysis of recent research and publications. The works of such Ukrainian scientists as O.I. Basarab, Ye.S. Belash, I.V. Breslavska, V.I. Danylevsky, H.M. Drozd, O.O. Drozdova, M.I. Zhurba, I.P. Kalinina, and others are devoted to the study of theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of environmental safety management of enterprises. Highlighting previously unresolved parts of a common issue. Despite the abundance of scientific studies on the management of environmental safety in enterprises, the question of its role and position within the broader system of national security of the state remains a topic of ongoing discussion. The aim of the article is to develop a theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of enterprises. The main objectives of the study are: to investigate existing approaches to interpreting the essence of the concept of «environmental safety management of enterprises» and to develop, based on their analysis, a theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of enterprises, taking into account modern trends and challenges of sustainable development. Research methods. The article utilized a historical approach, a systems approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, logical method, and generalization as the basis of the research. Results of the research. The following approaches to interpreting the essence of the concept of «environmental safety management of enterprises» were identified: social, complex, sectoral, legal, regional, natural resource, risk-oriented, process-oriented, and results-oriented approaches. Each of these approaches has its own characteristics and is used depending on the needs of the enterprise and the specific situation. A theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of enterprises was developed. Field of application of the results. The research findings can be used to improve theoretical approaches and develop effective strategies for managing the environmental safety of enterprises. Conclusions. Thus, the environmental safety of an enterprise is an integral part of national security. The theoretical and definitive exposition of the categorical apparatus for managing the environmental safety of an enterprise is presented as follows: Safety is a comprehensive state of absence of threats and risks that can cause harm to people, the environment, and property, which is ensured not only by reactive responses to potential threats but also by a proactive approach to ensuring safety through preventive measures and reducing the potential consequences of potential threats. Environmental safety of an enterprise is a complex state in which the activities of the enterprise do not violate the self-regulation ability of natural ecosystems, ensure the preservation of biodiversity and climate, avoid the creation of new environmental risks, reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the environment, and ensure the safety and health of the population. Management of the environmental safety of an enterprise is a system of strategic planning, coordination, and implementation of measures to minimize the negative impact of the enterprise on the environment, ensure compliance with environmental legislation and standards, reduce environmental risks, and promote the principles of sustainable development.

Siting MPAs for multiple protecting purposes by co-consideration of ecological importance and anthropogenic impacts

The global marine ecosystem has been significantly altered by the combined effects of multiple anthropogenic impacts. Systematic planning of marine protected areas (MPAs) is of paramount importance in alleviating conflicts between humans and the sea. Existing approaches, however, merely integrate both ecological and anthropogenic factors for multiple conservation purposes. By combining the three main anthropogenic impact factors with two main ecological importance factors, this study used a GIS-based AHP-OWA method to identify different levels of priority protection for MPAs in Zhejiang, China. Our results proved that: 1) the multi-objective MPA siting issues can be addressed by the GIS-based AHP-OWA method through scenario simulation; 2) the best locations for MPAs are in the northeast, central, and southern marine areas of Zhejiang; 3) considering the trade-off degree, spatial conservation efficiency, and spatial heterogeneity, an optimized MPA siting scheme can be developed for decision-makers. The proposed MPA siting method and case study may provide an effective technical reference for solving regional marine spatial planning (MSP) issues in the future.

Life forms of plants of natural and anthropogenic landscapes

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the solution of environmental issues to preserve the natural biological diversity of plant life forms in Central Asia and the Balkan Peninsula. The most important task of Uzbek botanists is to investigate all aspects of the structural and dynamic organisation of vegetation cover and changes in plant communities in areas affected by the intense impact of anthropogenic factors. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative characterisation of plant life forms of natural and anthropogenic landscapes of Central Asia and the Balkan Peninsula. The leading approach to the examination of this problem is spatial-comparative, which allows comprehensively investigating the elements of the system of plant life forms of natural and anthropogenic landscapes. In addition, during the empirical study, the collected field material was analysed by generally accepted geobotanical and forestry methods, which consist in describing the topographic position of woody, semi-woody, polycarpic, and monocarpic terrestrial grasses, aquatic plants. The authors used both herbarium and live material from expedition surveys on the Biosphere Reserve and the protected area of the Uvac river gorge by Kazakh, Uzbek, Greek, and Turkish researchers. As a result, a comparative characteristic of the state of modern plant communities of Central Asia and the Balkan Peninsula by the nature and degree of anthropogenic impact was presented. The main life forms of plants of the regions under study were covered; the interrelation of environmental conditions with the process of flora formation was identified and substantiated. The materials of the study are of practical value for ecologists, landscape researchers, geographers, and biologists to use the findings in creating long-term plans for the development of natural landscapes for nature reserves, ecological centres, and nature protection zones. The developed method of comparative characteristics can be used to investigate natural and anthropogenic landscapes of other territories

Evapotranspiration Over the Indian Region: Implications of Climate Change and Land Use/Land Cover Change

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a significant role in climatic studies, directly influencing the hydrological cycle, energy balance equation, and surface vegetation. ET comprises three components: bare soil or ground evaporation, evaporation, and transpiration, in which vegetation removes water influenced by food grain production. In turn, soil moisture availability depends on precipitation characteristics over land, surface net radiation, and wind speed are the major climatic factors that together determine the magnitude of ET. This controls moisture availability in the lower troposphere, hence atmospheric stability, chances of cloud formation, and precipitation. Though the study of evapotranspiration is important for determining agricultural water consumption and analyzing drought situations, there is a lot of uncertainty in its accurate estimation. Land use/Land cover changes (LULCC) occurring throughout the Indian subcontinent have been found to affect the characteristics of low to moderate rainfall events and surface temperature extremes (Halder et al. 2016). A global warming scenario will change the hydrological cycle, and the impact of anthropogenic factors has also necessitated the need to understand the mechanisms that control changes in ET over India. In this study, we want to analyze the relationship between transpiration and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and investigate the relationship between canopy interception with respect to NDVI all over the Indian region. Attempts have been made to assess the impact of changes in climate and LULC on ET and its three components over the Indian region from 1981 till the present time. The monsoon season increases precipitation, and soil evaporation is found to increase at first, along with an increase in NDVI followed by canopy evaporation and transpiration. It is noted that changes in precipitation and LULCC across the Indian subcontinent have contributed significantly to changes in ET in different seasons. As variability in surface net radiation also plays an important role in controlling changes in total ET, it is being investigated.

Investigation of Vermicompost Influence on Seed Germination of the Endangered Wild Rubber Species Scorzonera tau-saghyz

In this paper, the effect of an organic fertilizer, namely, “vermicompost tea” (VCT), on the germination of seeds of the rare wild species Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et & G.G. Bosse was studied. S. tau-saghyz is an alternative rubber plant to Hevea brasiliensis, and it was widely distributed and grew well in the northwestern spur of the Tien Shan in the pre-war years (1931–1943). In recent decades, the number of wild species of S. tau-saghyz in natural populations has declined sharply due to climate change and the impact of anthropogenic factors. In this context, it has become necessary to restore the number of wild species. One of the critical phases in the restoration of surviving S. tau-saghyz populations and domestication is seed germination. The approaches that have been explored to increase seed germination, such as stratification and seed dressing with ethyl mercuric chloride, have not yielded good results. The current study covered 4 and 8 h short-term seed treatments with 1, 5 and 10% VCT. The priming of S. tau-saghyz seeds with 10% VCT was found to significantly increase germination from 39.0 (in the control) to 76.7% and to improve seedling vigor, mean germination time, and seedling weight. The combination of soaking the seeds in 10% VCT for 8 h and cultivating the seedlings in soil with 20% vermicompost further improved both germination and seedling growth. The vermicompost incorporation lengthened the main root, which normally accumulates rubber, and it increased its crude biomass by 1.6 times compared to that of the control.

Дигрессия напочвенного покрова растительных сообществ рекреационных стоянок на территории национального парка «Валдайский»

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of recreational pressure on the ground cover of forest communities in the Valday National Park. The comparison of trial plots with different degrees of recreational pressure in terms of species composition, abundance of species and the ratio of ecological cenotic groups of plants is given. The bioindicator species of recreational digression were identified in the studied areas. The most resistant species of herbaceous plants (anthropotollerants) (Plantago major L., Poa annua L.) were identified on the taste areas. The stages of recreational digression on the tasted areas were determined. The main factors of anthropogenic impact оn the ground cover are presented. The dependence of the species composition of the ground cover on the сrown density was identified. The options of conservation of the ground cover were suggested. The recommendations for the restoration of plant communities of recreational areas with a high stage of digression were given.

Skin condition of mice under impact of anthropogenic factors

Skin condition of mice under impact of anthropogenic factors