The ecological determinancy of development of bronchial asthma in adult population (as exemplified by the Republic of the North Ossetia-Alania

Abstract

The intensive impact of anthropogenic factors on health causes more than 40% of all human diseases. First of all, it has to do with respiratory organs and comes out as the main determinant of development of chronic respiratory pathology. The article presents an assessment of negative impact of environmental factors on dynamics of increasing of incidence of bronchial asthma morbidity in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The indicators of the general morbidity that increased up to 75.6% and for the first time detected up to 97.5% over six-year period. The results of present study correspond with the results of similar studies implemented in various territories of Russia indicating at mediation of increasing of bronchial asthma morbidity by negative impact of environment risk factors. In the Republic, over a period of many decades, contribution of the metallurgical plant producing zinc, cadmium, sulfuric acid and zinc-aluminum alloys, to atmospheric air pollution made up not less than 40%. Only two out of eight rural municipal districts are relatively environmentally problem-free today. In rural areas, more than 50% of atmospheric air pollutants is related to carbon oxide. Nowadays, along with industrial emissions into atmospheric air and their accumulation, increases importance of motor transport in environmental pollution. The cars account for 50-70% of all harmful emissions. The presence of harmful substances contained in exhaust gases exceeds permissible standards by 2-3 times. According to the data of systematic analysis of urban air quality, most of the year citizens breathe atmospheric air not meeting normative requirements. The actual situation favors development of bronchial asthma. In the Republic, its morbidity has not decreased for many decades. To improve indicators of bronchial asthma morbidity can be achieved by leveling harmful effects of environment through identification of main sources of environmental troubles. The priority is both to decrease industrial emissions that pollute atmosphere and to transit to more ecologically safe modern power supplies of motor transport facilities.