Impact-asymmetry Analysis Research Articles

Effects of African local food consumption experiences on post-tasting behavior

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of experiences with local food in Ghana on satisfaction, favorability and behavioral intention. Design/methodology/approach Unlike previous studies that have used multiple regression analysis or structural equation modeling, this study adopts impact-range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis (IAA). A total of 336 questionnaires were used in the data analyses. Findings Factor analysis generates five domains of experience of consuming local food. Socialization and boasting and experience with various menus and quality of food contribute most to explaining the three dependent variables. Originality/value This study has significant value because it extends the study of local food consumption experience to the understudied area of African food tourism, particularly Ghanaian food and tourists to Ghana.

Exploring rider satisfaction with arterial BRT: An application of impact asymmetry analysis

Previous studies focus on rider satisfaction and its determinants to improve transit ridership. However, many incorrectly assume that service attributes have linear and symmetric influences on rider satisfaction. To overcome the limitation, this study employs an impact asymmetry analysis to explore the non-linear influence of service attributes on rider satisfaction with an arterial BRT in the Twin Cities, Minnesota. The results show that most service attributes have a non-linear influence on rider satisfaction, and that “paying fare is easy” has the largest contribution to overall satisfaction, followed by “hours of operation” and “handling of concerns/complaints.” Overall, this study introduces a more reliable and salient method to the field of transit quality of service to reveal the nuanced relationships between service attributes and rider satisfaction.

Examination of benefits sought by hiking tourists: a comparison of impact-range performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the benefits of hiking for visitors to the Jeju Olle Trail on Jeju Island in Korea, which has been designated as a World Heritage Site. Data were collected from a total of 318 tourists visiting the Jeju Olle Trail. The study focused on comparing the benefits sought by first-time visitors and those of repeat visitors. Analytical results found that first-time visitors and repeat visitors sought different benefits from their hiking experiences. First-time visitors sought to observe nature and interact with people. For first-time visitors, benefits that delighted them were buying unique souvenirs and enjoying educational experiences, whereas repeat visitors demonstrated a good assessment on interactions with new people and buying unique souvenirs.

Evaluating tourists’ emotional experiences regarding destination casino resorts: An impact-asymmetry analysis

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the basic, excitement, and performance emotions that influence tourists’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction with destination casino resorts. The study develops a measurement scale that consists of both positive and negative emotions. Two hundred and ninety eight valid questionnaire responses are analyzed using an extended impact-asymmetry analysis (IAA) in order to explain how positive and negative emotions can influence overall satisfaction of gaming and non-gaming tourists. This study demonstrates how to use an IAA to classify negative emotions into negative basic, excitement, and performance factors. The study contributes to knowledge on how to combine three-factor theory with emotion theory. The results add to our understanding that most of the negative emotions generated from gaming will not result in tourist dissatisfaction with destination casino resorts. These findings lead on to further investigation of the effects of negative emotions towards destinations in the context of three-factor theory.

Assessing management performance of the national forest park using impact range-performance analysis and impact-asymmetry analysis

High quality service is beneficial to improve satisfaction of the tourists visiting national forest parks. However, few works assessed the management performance in national forest parks, although a lot of works did it in other industries. Therefore, this study aims to assess the management performance of the Huisun National Forest Recreation Area (HNFRA) (having most natural forests in Taiwan and focusing on natural conservation) using a questionnaire survey method with impact range-performance analysis (IRPA) and impact-asymmetry analysis (IAA) to determine the priorities for service quality improvement and to realize visitor satisfaction of and loyalty toward the HNFRA. The results revealed that the visitors expressed high satisfaction toward the natural resources dimension and the physiological and psychological dimension, implying that the service quality attributes in these two dimensions should be maintained. The visitors showed a moderately high level of loyalty toward the HNFRA, with an average score of 4.19. Besides, the service quality attributes in dimensions of price reasonability, public facilities, environmental cleanliness, and management would be prioritized to improve visitor satisfaction.

Examining the Asymmetric Effect of Multi-Shopping Tourism Attributes on Overall Shopping Destination Satisfaction

Based on impact range performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis, this study aims to (1) examine the asymmetric effect of shopping tourism attributes on shopping destination satisfaction from the perspective of Chinese tourists and (2) prioritize attributes by identifying them as frustrators, dissatisfiers, hybrids, satisfiers, and delighters. The asymmetric relationships between shopping tourism attributes and shopping destination satisfaction offer an expanded view of the dynamic effects of attributes, while destination-specific attributes allow the researchers to examine the unexplored roles of government promotions and Korean pop culture/media in shopping tourism.

Examining pedestrian satisfaction in gated and open communities: An integration of gradient boosting decision trees and impact-asymmetry analysis

This study compares satisfaction with walkability of residents in gated and open communities in Harbin, China. The results of gradient boosting decision trees show that neighborhood attributes associated with satisfaction with walkability differ between gated and open communities. Neighborhood leisure activities, space, and street furniture are the most influential attributes for walkability in gated communities. Sidewalk quality, neighborhood safety, and leisure activities are important for open communities. Using impact-asymmetry analysis, this study illustrates the nonlinear effects of neighborhood attributes on pedestrian satisfaction and classifies these attributes into frustrators, dissatisfiers, hybrids, satisfiers and delighters. By integrating attribute classification and their performance, we found that social interaction is an improvement priority for gated communities and that neighborhood space and street furniture could be enhanced given resource availability. For open communities, we recommend that planners improve outdoor facilities, canopy and shelter, and open space.

Exploring Airbnb service quality attributes and their asymmetric effects on customer satisfaction

With the rise of the sharing economy, Airbnb has become the predominant example of the online peer-to-peer accommodation market in the hospitality industry. This study adopts a mixed method approach to systematically and comprehensively capture various service aspects of Airbnb. Two main studies are conducted to identify key service quality (SQ) attributes of Airbnb, verify the dimensionality of the SQ attributes, and examine the effects of these attributes on customer satisfaction (CS). The first qualitative study generated a list of SQ attributes by collecting and analyzing 16,430 online reviews. In the second study, online survey (N = 322) is conducted to identify multiple dimensions of SQ attributes and examine their asymmetric effects on CS using impact-range performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis. Findings suggest that Airbnb has multiple SQ attributes associated with website, host, and facility that produce distinctive effects on CS.

Evaluating value co-creation activities in exhibitions: An impact-asymmetry analysis

The goal of this study is to assess the symmetric and asymmetric effects of value co-creation activities performed by exhibitors that affect their satisfaction and dissatisfaction with exhibitions. This study encompasses two types of value co-creation activities: participation and partnership activities. An enhanced impact-asymmetry analysis method is introduced to identify the three-factor structure of satisfaction for participation and partnership value co-creation activities in exhibitions. The results of analyzing 437 exhibitors surveyed at four exhibitions in Macao indicate that ‘engagement’ is a delighter; ‘information sharing’ is a satisfier; ‘information seeking’ and ‘resolving conflict’ are dissatisfiers; and ‘responsibility’, ‘situational awareness’, ‘knowledge transfer’, and ‘commitment’ are hybrids. These findings assist exhibition organizers in formulating co-creation strategies to increase the value of their exhibitions. This study also enriches our knowledge of the theory of value co-creation using the three-factor theory.

관광 매력속성 향상을 위한 우선순위의 도출 : 영향 범위 성취도 분석과 영향 비대칭 분석

본 연구는 전통적 IPA에서 발생하는 문제점을 보완하여 관광 매력속성 향상을 위한 우선순위의 도출에 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이라 기대되는 Mikulić and Prebežac (2011)이 제안한 영향 범위 성취도 분석(IRPA)과 영향 비대칭 분석(IAA) 기법을 이용하여 관광 매력속성에 대하여 분석하였다. 즉 본 연구는 관광 매력속성의 개선을 위한 우선순위의 도출 방법에 대한 새로운 접근을 적용하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 동대문디자인플라자 방문객이 인식하는 관광 매력속성에 대하여 영향 범위 성취도 분석과 이와 결합된 분석방법인 영향 비대칭 분석을 이용하여 관광 매력속성에 대하여 분석하였다. 구체적으로 Kano의 Three factor theory의 관점에서 영향 범위 성취도 분석과 영향 비대칭 분석을 통해 각 속성에 대한 성취도가 전반적 만족(OS)에 미치는 비대칭적 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 이러한 접근방법을 통해 관광 매력속성의 개선을 위한 우선순위의 결정과 Frustrators, Dissatisfiers, Hybrids, Satisfiers, 및 Delighters로 구성된 5개 범주로의 분류에 근거하여 방문객들의 전반적 만족에 대한 효과적인 관리가 가능해질 것이다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 전통적 IPA의 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 방법론으로서의 영향 범위 성취도 분석과 영향 비대칭 분석의 적용에 대한 효과를 확인할 수 있다. 또한, Kano의 Three factor theory에 기초한 동대문디자인플라자 방문객들이 지각하는 다양한 매력속성들에 따른 방문객들의 만족/불만족 요소에 대한 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이며, 전반적 만족에 대한 각 속성들의 영향 범위도 평가할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 실무적⋅이론적 관점에서 관광 목적지의 매력속성 향상을 위한 우선순위에 근거하여 마케팅 전략을 수립하기 위한 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이며, 관광 목적지를 방문하는 고객들의 지각과 태도를 이해하는데도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Sources of satisfaction with luxury hotels for new, repeat, and frequent travelers: A PLS impact-asymmetry analysis

There are differences in service expectations according to travelers' experiences. This study aims to identify the structure of service quality factors with regard to satisfaction with luxury hotels concerned with new, repeat, and frequent travelers to Macau. The data are analyzed by a partial least squares (PLS) impact-asymmetry analysis in order to explain how the structure of factors can influence the behaviors of three visitor segments. The results of this study explore the transformation of the factor structure of customer satisfaction across different experiences encountered. This study contributes to the knowledge of life cycle theories using three-factor theories that position most of the quality attributes in the introduction stage as excitement factors; they show various types of factors in a growth stage, and they unify to performance factors when the products and services mature. Thus, asymmetrical analyses are highly appropriate for studying customer behavior throughout the customer life cycle.

Exploring relationships between customer-based brand equity and its drivers and consequences in the hotel context. An impact-asymmetry assessment

The development of customer-based brand equity plays a critical role in tourism. This paper attempts to study which variables contribute to brand equity creation and to examine whether brand loyalty can be considered as a consequence of brand equity in the hotel context. In addition, it seeks to provide more detailed insights into possible asymmetric effects among customer-based brand equity and its drivers and consequences. Four constructs are found to influence significantly brand equity: two perceptual (image and perceived quality) and two relational variables (trust and affective commitment). Additionally, both behavioural and attitudinal components of loyalty are confirmed as brand equity outcomes. The impact-asymmetry analysis reveals that perceived quality does not play a significant role in explaining brand equity, while awareness and trust emerge to have a significant negatively asymmetric impact. The paper is novel as the proposed model includes two new variables that are deemed critical to hospitality research, that is, trust and affective commitment. The relationship structure of the model is new to the literature as loyalty is conceptualized as a consequence of brand equity, thus confirming theoretical assumptions with limited empirical evidence. Finally, it is the first study that examines asymmetric impacts of customer-based brand equity drivers.

Quality of work life and job satisfaction among frontline hotel employees

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to achieve three objectives: to investigate perceived quality of work life (QWL) need attributes among frontline employees in the lodging industry, to assess the asymmetric relationships between QWL attributes and job satisfaction (JS) and to prioritize QWL attributes for the effective management of JS.Design/methodology/approach– Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, impact range-performance analysis and impact-asymmetry analysis.Findings– Each QWL attribute showed significant and various asymmetric or linear impacts on JS or job dissatisfaction (JDS).Practical implications– Study results provided critical information for hotel managers to prioritize several attributes, such as safe work place, fair pay, empowerment and effective training, to enhance JS and reduce JDS for frontline personnel.Originality/value– This study sheds light for identifying the underlying structure of QWL and further investigate the asymmetric relationship between QWL attributes and JS/JDS using need satisfaction, self-determination and three-factor theory in the lodging industry.

Critical Factors of the Maritime Yachting Tourism Experience: An Impact-Asymmetry Analysis of Principal Components

ABSTRACTAs the first study to explore key drivers of the maritime yachting tourism experience, this study applies principal component analysis (PCA) and impact-asymmetry analysis (IAA) to the context of Croatian nautical tourism. The data used in this article were collected as part of the TOMAS Nautica Yachting study, an institutional study on attitudes and expenditures of yachtsmen in Croatia. Overall, the study encompassed 2171 tourists who were interviewed during the 2012 tourism season. The analysis revealed a five-dimensional structure of the yachting tourism experience, with three dimensions having an asymmetrical impact on tourists’ global judgment of their yachting experience. It is noteworthy that the onshore destination experience emerged as the factor to have the largest potential to impact tourists’ overall experience. This is despite the fact that the attributes underlying this dimension are not directly related to the yachtsman’s primary travel motive – namely sailing.

Destination Attractiveness Drivers among Urban Hostel Tourists: An Analysis of Frustrators and Delighters

AbstractThis study is based on data from 679 tourists staying at hostel accommodation facilities in Zagreb, a propulsive city‐break destination in Central Europe. Besides providing insight into the socio‐demographic and behavioural characteristics of hostel tourists, this study uncovers determinant destination attributes influencing their perceptions of destination attractiveness. In particular, impact asymmetry analysis identified potential sources of delight and frustration among hostel tourists. Since the hostel tourist segment, as such, is almost completely unconsidered in contemporary tourism research, partly covered only by a few studies on youth travellers and backpackers, the results of this case study are valuable to both practitioners and researchers related to the hostelling industry and city destination marketing organizations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Determining the Attributes of Casino Customer Satisfaction: Applying Impact-Range Performance and Asymmetry Analyses

ABSTRACTThis case study assesses the asymmetric relationship between the relative importance of service quality attributes and overall customer satisfaction in Korean casino settings, using impact-range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis (IAA). Results validated the rigor of IRPA and IAA over importance–performance analysis (IPA) in identifying key determining attributes of customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction among various casino service quality attributes based on three-factor theory. The theoretical and practical implications of this study’s findings are included to enrich both academicians’ and casino industry professionals’ understanding of customers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards casinos, and the development of a marketing strategy.

Exploring drivers of student satisfaction and dissatisfaction: an assessment of impact-asymmetry and impact-range

The purpose of this study is to explore the key drivers of student satisfaction in a Croatian higher education (HE) setting. In particular, this study seeks to identify lecturer and course characteristics with either diminishing or increasing returns in student satisfaction. This study uses data collected during the official student satisfaction assessment at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Zagreb in the academic year 2011/2012. Overall, 23,804 fully completed questionnaires collected at the end of the winter and the summer term form the data of this study. Impact-asymmetry analysis (IAA) was used to detect and quantify nonlinear effects in the formation of student satisfaction. IAA helps to approximate the potentials of individual teaching and lecturer attributes to further enhance overall student satisfaction. Impact range and average performance of teaching and lecturer characteristics were further calculated and mapped into a matrix to detect key areas that need to be improved in future quality initiatives. This study provides detailed and interesting insight into the formation of overall student satisfaction relevant for all those concerned with quality issues in HE. The results reveal the most influential teaching and lecturer characteristics and several characteristics with diminishing and increasing returns in overall student satisfaction.

Prioritizing convention quality attributes from the perspective of three-factor theory: The case of academic association convention

This study examines the asymmetric effects of convention attribute performance on attendee satisfaction (AS) from the perspective of three-factor theory through impact range-performance analysis and impact-asymmetry analysis. This approach enables classification and prioritization of convention attributes as frustrators, dissatisfiers, hybrids, satisfiers, and delighters for the effective management of AS. Moreover, this approach allows assessment of each attribute's range of impact on AS. Through these methods, researchers/practitioners are able to easily pinpoint areas of concern for performance improvement. Findings are to offer industry practitioners insights into prioritizing attributes and effectively addressing AS.

The Classification of Extranet Attributes in Terms of Their Asymmetric Influences on Overall User Satisfaction

Information systems (IS), such as Internet applications, are widely used by the tourism and travel industry. Extranets, in particular, allow controlled access of outside organizations into a company’s internal systems. In the travel industry, these technological applications are generated and supplied by tour operators and used by travel agents to conduct their business. Use of an extranet is of benefit to a travel operator who gains more revenue if travel agents select or recommend its particular products. This article classifies the attributes of a tour operator’s extranet system in terms of its asymmetric influence on its user (travel agency sales representatives) satisfaction. In addition, a revised version of impact-asymmetry analysis is presented, called asymmetric impact-performance analysis, which is a simple and visual technique that assesses the key attributes for increasing overall user satisfaction.

Impact-range performance analysis and asymmetry analysis for improving quality of Korean food attributes

The objective of this study is to assess the key-drivers of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction and their asymmetric effects in the formation of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction in Korean restaurants by using impact-range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis (IAA) approaches. Two hundred thirty-nine diners at two Korean restaurants in a U.S. southern metropolitan city participated in this study. Results validated the rigor of IRPA and IAA for identifying key determining factors and assessing magnitude among various restaurants’ attributes. Food taste, presentation, cleanliness, and fair price had severe impacts on CS. The theoretical and practical implications of this study's findings are included to enrich both academicians’ and restaurant industry professionals’ understanding of customers’ perceptions of and attitudes toward restaurants, and development of a marketing strategy.