Dialect Of Language Research Articles

Language variation in the Instagram discourse of Indonesian Papuan dialect

The language variations and substance of Papuan millennials' speech on the Instagram platform are unique. The choice of language used reflects the fact of speaking Indonesian with a distinctive Papuan dialect. This study aims to describe language variation in Papuan dialect Indonesian instragram discourse. This research is categorized as qualitative-descriptive research with a socio-pragmatic approach. The study data are words, idioms, terms, and quoted sentences as well as features of Papuan millennials' Instagram discourse. The data is sourced from the Igers' accounts which are taken purposively and representatively. The researcher acts as an observer (silent reader /host follower). The data is analyzed inductively through the process of description, interpretation, and explanation. The research findings show that the orientation of language choices made by Papuan dialectal Indonesian Instagram account owners leads to four (4) patterns of language variation, namely: (1) patterns of Papuan dialectal Indonesian (IDP); (2) patterns of Indonesian (IL); (3) patterns of code-switching of Papuan dialectal Indonesian-Foreign Language (IDP"FL); (4) patterns of code-mixing of Papuan dialectal Indonesian and foreign languages (IDP↔FL). The results of this study illustrate that there is a variety of Papuan dialectal Indonesian (IDP) among young Papuans on social media. With these findings, people can find out about the context of language use in society, especially on Instagram. The findings of this study also strengthen the view that language is a cultural product that cannot be separated from its social context.

The Effects of Canonity and the Authorial Weight in Translating Men in Sun’ Ghassan Kanafani into English Language

This study deals with canonity in the translation from Arabic to English of Authorial Weight and Translator Authority in the novella "Men in Sun". It debates that if Men in Sun "Rejal fel AL-Shamas" that written by famous author in Arab world Ghassn Kanafani Palestinian writer that defend on the Palestinian issue, the above mentioned novella translated to English by Dr. Hilary Kilpatrick gave the same value to the TT as it appears in the ST during translating accurately the features of figurative language idioms, religious expressions, metaphors, symbolism, and cultural items with choosing randomly examples from the novel. According to strategies found in the translation based on Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995) including direct and Oblique translation and Newmark’s (1988). moreover, the study stresses the value of perception the goal, emotiveness, ideology embedded in Arabic novel Men in Sun "Rejal fel AL-Shamas" when the translator seeks to equal between the TT and ST. The aesthetic features that notable in Arabic that really the translator attempts to reddened it in English to give the sense of the sentences. In short, involves that the translation of literally work is affected by the canonity and aesthetic features that applied.

PHRASEOLOGISMS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH IN THE WORLD’S LANGUAGE SPACE

The aim of this paper is to determine the role and place of American English in the world. American English has taken a leading place in the world, but its development is very specific, because on the one hand it is leading and at the same time integrated into the world community. Anthropocentrism is present when describing the general trends in the creation of American idioms of the English language. All processes are characterized by human worldview and human problems. The areas of creation of American phraseological units of the English language are ecology, architecture, IT technologies, leisure. During the study of phraseological units of the American English language, the inductive (when describing the American English language) and the deductive method (when predicting the development of the American English language) were used. Telescopy, new phraseology, and word formation are used in the word formation of modern phraseological units of the American English language. In general, analyzing the phraseology of the American English language, new phraseology (word combinations) are mostly used in their creation. However, among the phraseological units of the American English language, you can find affixation, abbreviation, and reduction. The modeling method helped predict the directions of development of American English phraseology.

The Translation of Joyce's Letters into Catalan

ABSTRACT: This essay focuses on the Catalan translation of a selection of James Joyce's letters, Cartes antologia . The essay discusses the main translation problems the translator encountered and the strategies and methods deployed to solve them. The difficulties analyzed center around the translation of 1) quotations from Joyce's own works, including those of works in the pre-publication stages of writing; 2) literary allusions to Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's Ulysses; 3) the combination of high and low registers; 4) wordplay; 5) idioms; and 6) metaphorical language. Natural, idiomatic language was required when translating idioms and metaphorical language. A sense of rhythm and poeticality was indispensable when translating the coalescence of high and low registers. Being able to create alliterations and near-homophones was of vital importance to convey wordplay. Familiarity with Joyce's works, especially Ulysses and its Catalan translation, was essential to translate urtexts. And, finally, a sound knowledge of the Catalan literary tradition, especially regarding the translations of the Odyssey , proved useful when translating literary allusions. In all, translating Joyce's letters is regarded as an act of literary translation, a creative process that demanded the ability to fashion a fresh, vibrant new text that had to live up to the original.

Моделирование функций пространства в топонимической системе дагестанских языков

The article attempts to present the possibilities of using the modeling method to study the toponymic space in Dagestan languages. A field model of the toponymic space of Avar, Dargin and Kaitag settlements is proposed, taking into account the methods of nomination and education considered through the prism of the case system of these languages. The reference to the category of space in our work is primarily due to the fact that Dagestan languages have a developed system of spatial cases, the forms of which are reflected in their rich toponymic nomenclature. The toponym, as you know, is the “name of the place”, the designation of a point on the surface of the earth. The article discusses approaches to the definition of space functions in the toponymic system of Dagestan languages. The purpose of the work is to identify and compare various functional explanations of the essence of space in the toponymic system of related languages. The article describes the toponymic systems of the Avar, Dargin languages and the Haidak dialect of the Dargin language as the most interesting linguistic units in terms of expressing locative meanings in Dagestan toponymy. The characteristics of toponyms considered from the standpoint of their cognitive and cultural understanding are shown. Dagestan toponymy is defined by names formed by means of spatial case formants, the model of which is the most characteristic, ancient and archaic.

Translation Issues of the national cultural component (based on the material of the New Zealand territorial dialect of the English language of the Auckland region)

This study is devoted to the lexical translation peculiarities in the context of the national and cultural identity of the English language territorial dialect within the Auckland region in New Zealand. Its relevance is due to the multifaceted interaction of nations and the intensity of their cultural exchange at the present stage, in which the issues of accurate lexical translation become critical for successful mutual understanding and communication. Accordingly, lexical units translation subtleties of the New Zealand territorial dialect of the English language witihin the Auckland region are considered as the study's subject, with an emphasis on regional semantic meanings. The purpose of the current work is to identify linguistic nuances that cause difficulties in lexical elements translation to preserve the dialect's unique cultural and national features. The article is based on text-based Internet materials, single- and bilingual academic dictionaries, official documents and the data of informants. Scientific novelty is determined by a comprehensive study of the English language current lexical trends in the Auckland region in New Zealand and an in-depth analysis of national and cultural characteristics, which should be taken into account when translating territorial linguistic phenomena. As a result of the conducted research, the uniqueness of English regional manifestation with concretization in examples is proved, which serves as a source of translation difficulties. Understanding of these vocabulary features is an essential component of a translator's cultural literacy and contributes to the accurate transmission of meaning and national cultural nuances in the translation process. Thus, the study of the lexical translation specifics in the context of the New Zealand dialect of English in the Auckland region makes a significant contribution to the field of translation studies and linguistics, warning against possible distortions and misunderstandings in the course of interaction between languages and cultures.

The Metalinguistic Dimension of Literary Multilingualism: Linguistic Biographies in Italian Fiction

ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that a thorough analysis of literary multilingualism and code-switching needs to take their metalinguistic dimension into account. Many scholars have noticed multilingual authors’ tendency to frame code-switches with metalinguistic comments, but they are sometimes treated marginally, or as just one of the many functions of code-switching. My article argues that metalanguage is, in fact, a fundamental characteristic of literary multilingualism, and key to its interpretation. This is particularly evident when we look at how the contemporary Italian writers Laura Pariani, Silvana Grasso and Elena Ferrante construct their characters through linguistic biographies, and how they describe dialect use, bilingualism, language loss and shift and other collective and individual sociolinguistic processes. I also show that metalanguage needs to be analysed together with other tools used by authors to flag multilingualism: namely intratextual translations and peritextual elements (such as glossaries or notes), but also visual cues, such as italics.

Japanese Idiom Learning through Cognitive Linguistics Concept (Idioms Presentation)

Idioms in Japanese are crucial and intricate for pupils to acquire, as they necessitate rote memorization. Occasionally, the figurative interpretation of an idiom involving a Japanese language cannot be inferred from its literal definition. Consequently, pupils must commit them to memory without relying on any mnemonic devices. An effective approach to consider is the application of the principles utilized in cognitive linguistics. Specifically, this involves elucidating the connection between the literal meaning of words and their figurative meanings by examining three rhetorical devices: metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. The purpose of this is to offer further support to Japanese language students in comprehending the significance of each idiom they acquire. This study aims to implement a series of steps to teach 27 idioms in the Japanese language to fourth semester students. The objectives of this research are: (1) to describe the figures of speech present in each idiom used as teaching material; (2) to assess the learning outcomes of Japanese idioms after applying three figures of speech to connect the lexical and idiomatic meanings; and (3) to determine if there is a significant difference between the experimental class, where students were given explanations using the three figures of speech, and the control class, where students studied independently. The data analysis reveals that the connection between the literal meaning and figurative meaning of each idiom can be illustrated through the use of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. Furthermore, the t-test analysis demonstrates a notable disparity between students who were taught idioms by utilizing associated figures of speech, as opposed to those who simply memorized them independently. Essentially, using figures of speech to illustrate connections between ideas is significantly more impactful than doing so without them. Moreover, acquiring idioms through this method is widely regarded as significantly more pleasurable and accessible for pupils to actively participate in.

Penolakan Radikalisme Agama melalui Idiom Palembang

This research aims to describe the forms of Palembang language idioms that are still used by the community and map the forms of community resistance to religious radicalism. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The informants in this research were Palembang speakers in the Seberang Ulu and Seberang Ilir areas who were selected based on predetermined criteria. The research process started from desk-review, field observation, documentation, in-depth interviews and FGD. Data analysis in this research uses data reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The results obtained from the research are that there are 158 Palembang idioms that are still used by the public, and there are 10 idioms that are appropriate for resisting radicalization, namely: (1) Ado gawe, (2) Balak duobelas, (3) Besak kelakar, (4) Katek aguk, (5) Katek antanan, (6) Makan olo'an, (7) Ngeci'ke bala', (8) Pakem tuo, (9) Tempuan tahlil, (10) Wong kito galo. Rejection of destructive-anarchist actions both towards adherents of other religions and those of their own religion. This study illustrates the need for these idioms to be disseminated to the public and taught in schools. Further research needs to be carried out to fully understand how idioms can influence children's thoughts and behavior through experimental studies. Discussion and other limitations will be explained in this paper.

ЧИСЛО ГЛАСНЫХ В УЗБЕКСКОМ И ТУРКМАНСКИХ ДИАЛЕКТАХ ХОРЕЗМСКОЙ ДИАЛЕКТНОЙ ЗОНЫ

People who speak the Uzbek dialects of Oghuz and Kipchak, as well as Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Turkmen, live in the Khorezm dialectal zone, which is a component of the Turkic linguistic region and of the Uzbek language massif. The Oghuz group of Turkic languages, which historically include Uzbek and Turkmen, has both similarities and differences. Phonetics, particularly the vowel system, shows these similarities and contrasts. The Old Turkic language's phonological structure is known to have 8 vowel phonemes. Due to historical growth, impact from related and unrelated languages (metization and hybridization), and different vocalisms, these languages have different levels of retention of shared elements. Research has demonstrated the presence of Tajik components in these dialects as well as Uzbek elements in the Tajik language as a result of the close and ongoing contact between urban and city-type dialects of the Uzbek language and the Tajik language. The Oghuz dialects of Uzbek and Turkmen, who traditionally inhabited in the same region, have distinctive qualities that set them apart from other Uzbek and Turkmen language dialects and make them exclusive to this region. The back row, semi-labial, low-wide vowel ā ,for instance, started to be actively utilized in the Uzbek dialects of the dialectal zone under the influence of the Uzbek literary language ,like ālíj, āmmavíj. In the zone's Turkmen languages, this vowel ,therefore ,started to occur irregular. The article offers details on the typical indications of vowel sounds in Uzbek and Turkmen, two languages spoken in the region, according to the sign of quality.

الاحتجاج بالقرآن الكريم في علوم اللغة العربية

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. With His help, we seek assistance, and in Him, we put our trust. He is the Most Merciful of all. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, sent as a mercy to all worlds, and upon his family, companions, and spouse, with abundant salutations until the Day of Judgment. Every matter has a guiding principle, and similarly, every language has sources it relies upon and draws from. Undoubtedly, the most important sources of the Arabic language are the Quran, the Prophetic Hadiths, and the poetry and sayings of the Arabs. The use of the Quran as evidence holds significant importance, serving as a source from which all branches of Arabic studies have drawn, whether it be linguistic dictionaries, books of interpretation (Tafsir), grammar, rhetoric, literature, or other areas within the various sciences of Arabic. This is because the Quran is considered the primary source in all these fields. Linguists have used the Quran from two perspectives: As a source to validate the accuracy of a linguistic term, grammatical structure, or a specific dialect of the Arabic language. It is a crucial reference for determining the correctness of meanings related to the sciences of Arabic. Its benefit is vast, whether at the level of individual Quranic words or syntactic structures, even down to phonological aspects, where Quranic words act as guiding lights for the interpretation and clarification of many language terms. It helps in determining the meanings of numerous Arabic terms, as the Quran is rich in linguistic expressions. In the interpretation of the Quran itself, the primary approach to understanding the meaning of Quranic terms is through the interpretation of the Quran by the Quran.This study includes several key topics, such as the meaning and significance of using evidence, its sources, the importance of citing the Quran, Quranic readings, and how linguists have benefited from citing the Quran and its readings. It also discusses the difference between Quranic readings and the Quran as a whole, especially in terms of their use as evidence in the sciences of Arabic. With this, we ask for Allah's guidance. Our Lord, accept this from us Indeed, you are the Hearing, the Knowing. (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:127).

DIALECTOLOGY IN MODERN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND METHODS

In the context of modern dialectology, we are observing the influence of a wide range of new theoretical approaches and technological innovations that are changing the traditional understanding and study of linguistic dialects. The development of digital technologies, especially in the areas of machine learning and big data processing, opens up new opportunities for analyzing language structures and the interaction between different dialects. This allows researchers to study and understand language differences in more detail and assess their impact on social and cultural processes. Modern dialectology also integrates cognitive and socio-linguistic approaches, enabling a more complete consideration of language as a complex system that reflects not only communicative but also cognitive and sociocultural aspects of human life. Expanding the availability of language data, in particular, through online platforms and social networks, opens up new perspectives for studying the dynamics of language dialects in the modern world. This requires us to rethink traditional approaches and adapt them to rapidly changing socio-cultural conditions. The research shows how the use of synchronic, diachronic and cognitive approaches enriches the understanding of linguistic variations. Particular attention is paid to the influence of cognitive linguistics on the perception of linguistic dialects, as well as the role of structural approaches and diasystems in understanding the interrelationships of different dialects. The conclusions of the academic paper emphasize the need to integrate various approaches in modern dialectology. The combination of traditional and innovative methods makes it possible to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of language differences and their role in social and cultural processes. The success of modern dialectology lies not only in the preservation and use of traditional methods but also in the active incorporation of the latest research strategies that reflect the rapid changes in the linguistic and sociocultural landscape.

Nasal Vowels in Solor Dialect of Lamaholot Language and Their Morpho-Syntactic Significance

The Lamaholot language spoken in East Flores and Lembata has several interesting distinctive features, compared to its neighboring languages. One of these features is nasal vowels. Nasal vowels in this language are phonemic, in that they show distinct meanings in contrasted minimal-pair words. Because of this phonemic characteristic, the nasal vowels in the dialect have significant influences on the Lamaholot linguistics. This research will examine the importance of nasal vowels in Solor dialect of Lamaholot morphologically and syntactically. Two research problems this study has tried to answer are (1) what are the morphologic and syntactic significances of the nasal vowels of Solor Dialect of Lamaholot Language, and (2) what meanings do these nasal vowels indicate when they involve in morphological processes? Apart from being an additional linguistic reference for the study of languages in eastern Indonesia in particular, and Austronesian languages at a broader level, this research also contributes to the efforts to maintain regional languages in East Nusa Tenggara. The approach to be used in this study is descriptive. The theory referred to is functional typology with the concepts of Basic Linguistic Theory based on generative structural grammar. References to the theory can be read, among others, in Payne (1997), Dixon (2010a), Comrie (1989) and Sophen (2007a, 2007b, 2007c). Data for this study was collected through recording and elicitation from the native speakers of Solor dialect. The collected corpus in the form of audio data is analyzed and stored electronically with the Praat application, and then transcribed into text form. The text data is sorted, then analyzed and stored electronically with the Toolbox application, which can later be used as additional data for the Solor – Lamaholot dialect dictionary database, which the author is currently working on. The research results show that the presence of nasal vowels in the Solor dialect of the Lamaholot language gives very significant and influential contribution to the communication and speech of speakers of this dialect. This grammatical feature is so important that its presence can give rise to different interpretations by listeners. Morphosyntactically, the nasal vowels in Solor dialect of the Lamaholot language express five functions, namely (1) to express the pronominal form of ownership; (2) to express the form of alienable ownership; (3) to express the enclitic form of third person singular possession in common nouns; (4) to state the participial function derived from the verb; and (5) to express the attributive function of adjectives in the Solor dialect of the Lamaholot language.

Not Batting an Eye: Figurative Meanings of L2 Idioms Do Not Interfere with Literal Uses

Encountering idioms (hit the sack = “go to bed”) in a second language (L2) often results in a literal-first understanding (“literally hit a sack”). The figurative meaning is retrieved later, subject to idiom familiarity and L2 proficiency, and typically at a processing cost. Intriguingly recent findings report the overextension of idiom use in inappropriate contexts by advanced L2 users, with greater L2 proficiency somewhat mitigating this effect. In this study, we tested the tenability of this finding by comparing eye-movement patterns for idioms used literally, vs. literal control phrases (hit the dirt) in an eye-tracking-while-reading paradigm. We hypothesised that if idiom overextension holds, processing delays should be observed for idioms, as the (over)activated but contextually irrelevant figurative meanings would cause interference. In contrast, unambiguous control phrases should be faster to process. The results demonstrated undifferentiated processing for idioms used literally and control phrases across measures, with L2 proficiency affecting both similarly. Therefore, the findings do not support the hypothesis that advanced L2 users overextend idiom use in inappropriate contexts, nor that L2 proficiency modulates this tendency. The results are also discussed in light of potential pitfalls pertaining to idiom priming under typical experimental settings.

Unravelling Emotional Tones: A Hybrid Optimized Model for Sentiment Analysis in Tamil Regional Languages

Review comments from digital platform such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube used for identification of emotional tones from text. Nowadays, reviews are posted in different languages such as English, French, Chinese, and Indian regional languages such as Tamil, Telegu, and Hindi. Identification of emotional tones from text written in Indian regional language is challenging. During the translation of the regional language to the English language for sentiment analysis, lexical and pragmatic ambiguity are the major problem. The above problem arises due to dialects in language such as regional, standard, and social dialects. In this paper, dialect-based ambiguity problems solve through proposed Hybrid optimized deep learning transformer Models like M-BERT, M-Roberta, and M-XLM-Roberta for Tamil language dialects recognise and classified. The proposed algorithms provide better sentimental analysis after Hybrid optimization due to adaptation mechanisms, dynamic changes in the parameters and strategies in fine-tuning the search. The proposed Hybrid optimized algorithms perform better than existing algorithms such as SVM, Naïve Bayes, and LSTM with an accuracy of 95%.

Perception verbs in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province

The subject of this work is the verbs of perception in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province. The research material is two dialect dictionaries: "Dictionary of Russian dialects of the Amur region" and "Dictionary of dialects of Heilongjiang province". The study revealed 26 verbal units from the "Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur region" (including 18 verbs and 8 phraseological units with the meaning of visual and auditory perception, as well as perception of smell and touch); 18 verbs with the meaning of visual perception from the "Dictionary of Dialects of Heilongjiang province". The purpose of the study of this article is the comparative classification of perception verbs in the border regions of the Russian Federation and China, separated by the Amur River (in Chinese, Heilongjiang). In developing the classification of the studied language units, continuous sampling, contextual, descriptive-analytical and comparative methods were used. The relevance and novelty of the work lies in the fact that the perceptual verbal vocabulary in the dialects of both ethnic groups is poorly studied; for the first time an attempt was made to study the comparative classification of the verbs of perception of the Russian dialects of the Amur region and the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province; the effectiveness of the study of perception verbs can contribute to the reconstruction of the dialect linguistic picture of the world and the linguistic personality of speakers of the dialect of two different ethnic groups. The main conclusions of this study summarize that perceptual vocabulary connects the world of objective reality with the expression of this world in the language of human communication and that in the dialects of both ethnic groups (in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province) verbal units with the meaning of visual perception prevail over other groups.

Верхнекамское наречие коми-пермяцкого языка: особенности вокализма

the article presents the results of the study of the vocalism system of the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permyak language: the articulatory characteristics and distribution of vowels are considered; phonetic phenomena in the area of vowels, such as assimilation, intra-dialect correspondence, alternation, contraction, were analyzed; features of accentuation are described. A comparison of the linguistic phenomena of the described idiom with similar phenomena in the Komi-Permyak and Komi-Zyryan dialects are carried out. Objective: to identify and describe the peculiarities of vocalism of the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permyak language. Research materials: the empirical basis of the research consisted of language materials from the author’s dialectological expeditions to the area of residence of the Kirov Permyaks. Results and novelty of the research: the article for the first time considers the peculiarities of vocalism of the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permyak language. It has been established that the vowel system in this idiom is represented by seven phonemes: и, э, ы, ö, у, о, а, which have the same articulatory-acoustic characteristics as in the other Komi dialects. In native words, the vowels и, ы, ö, a can occupy any position: anlaut, inlaut, auslaut; they can be used both in the first and in subsequent syllables of a word; the vowels у, э, о occur predominantly in the first syllable. A significant place in the idiom under study is occupied by assimilative phenomena, which, in turn, are the source of intra-dialectal correspondences of vowels: o // a // y, ы // a, ö // o, ы // y, ö // ы. It has been revealed that the accentuation system of the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permyak language is characterized by the stress on the first syllable, as well as features of morphologization and vocalization. The analyzed dialect material complements the available information about the features of the Komi-Permyak dialects and can be used in compiling generalizing studies on the Permian languages, creating dialect dictionaries and atlases, studying systemic changes as a result of interlanguage contact

Вводные слова в ливвиковском наречии карельского языка: семантика, этимология и функционирование

the presented article is a comprehensive study of parenthetical words in the Livvik dialect of the newly written Karelian language. Within the framework of the study, the authors turn to the consideration of semantics, etymology and functioning of modal words in the newly written Livvik dialect of the Karelian language. Objective: to study the semantic groups and etymology of the subjective modal components of a sentence functioning in the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language. Research materials: textbooks and dictionaries of the Livvik dialect of the newly written Karelian language. Results and novelty of the research: the article proposes a functional and semantic classification and etymological analysis of Karelian parenthetical modal words. In the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language about 40 parenthetical elements collected in newly written Karelian dictionaries are recorded. The data obtained in the process of studying dictionary materials on the Livvik dialect make it possible to distinguish 5 categories of parenthetical words by their meaning, of which the richest in composition of lexemes is the class intended to express varying degrees of reliability of a statement; other semantic subgroups (expressing a link to the source of a message, a call to an interlocutor, logical connections in a text, the emotional state of a speaker) demonstrate a much more modest segment of the field of subjective-modal collocations in the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language in terms of the number of units recorded in the dictionaries. The etymological analysis of parenthetical modal words showed that parentheses expressing the speaker’s assessment of his statement are in the process of their formation, replenishment with new lexemes; the formation of parenthetical modal phraseology is largely accomplished through syntactic derivation as the transition of notional words (names and verbs) into the class of parenthetical modal ones. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that a semantic classification of parenthetical constructions of the Livvik dialect is proposed based on data from newly written dictionary sources, as well as observations in the field of etymology of parenthetical modal words.

Генерация именных словоформ южнолюдиковского диалекта

the Ludic dialect has practically found itself on the periphery of the revitalization processes. There are no academics dictionaries on this dialect in Russia (compared to the Livvi dialect), which affects the low rate of filling of the Ludic sub-corpus in the VepKar. The central part of our work is the developed rules for generating nominal word forms. The rationale for choosing the South Ludic dialect for creating rules is given. The prepared tables demonstrate examples of the Ludiс dialect’s nominal inflection paradigm for single-stem and double-stem words. Inflectional types of names of the South Ludiс dialect are formalized. Rules for identifying stems that are needed for the subsequent generation of nominal word forms of the dialect of Svyatozero are proposed. A program is described, which is part of the VepKar corpus, in which these rules are programmed. The program allows us to speed up the generation of word forms in dictionary entries for subsequent text markup. Objective: to illustrate the rules for the automatic generation of word forms, prepared using a list of stems of nominal parts of speech of the Ludic dialect of the Karelian language. Research materials: lemmas and word forms from the Open Corpus of the Vepsian and Karelian languages (VepKar). Results and novelty of the research: based on the studied theoretical sources, the researchers were able to identify grammatical patterns. In the course of the experiments carried out in the study, a list of the stems and pseudo-stems of the nominal inflection of the Ludic dialect of the Karelian language (Southern Ludic dialect) was formed; a system of rules for generating word forms was developed; a corresponding program was prepared and tested. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a system of unified rules for the automatic generation of word forms for the Ludic dialect of the Karelian language, which is being implemented for the first time

Patient with Foreign Accent Syndrome in Post Infarct Thrombotic Stroke: A Case Report

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of disability worldwide. One of the disabilities is language disorder. Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS) is a clinical condition associated with a noticeable change of accent, affecting verbal communication and social interaction skills. By identifying this case earlier, we hope the patient’s daily living is less disrupted. Case: A 54-year-old woman came with complaints of weakness and tingling in the right limbs accompanied by a change in language accent. Weakness in the right limbs was felt since 4 years ago, then 1 year later the patient began to experience a change in the speech accent, from a Javanese accent to a Madurese accent, where previously the patient had never lived or studied Madurese. The results of the neurobehavior examination showed the patient had disturbances in the language and memory domain. MRI revealed cerebral infarction in the bilateral hippocampi, small vessel ischemic in the bilateral frontal lobes, and corona radiata. Discussion: The accent change, known as FAS experienced by the patients, is thought to be due to neurological causes, which was stroke. In a study using a lesion network mapping approach, it was concluded that the lesion causing accent disorder was located within a single network in the bilateral frontal lobe. In line with the existing theory, the MRI results in this patient showed ischemia in the blood vessels of the bilateral frontal lobes.