Semantic Identification Research Articles

Theoretical conditions for the analysis of the children choir repertoire in its historical retrospective (on the basis of the cantata for children «The Sun Circle» by L. V. Dychko)

Theoretical conditions for the analysis of the children choir repertoire in its historical retrospective (on the basis of the cantata for children «The Sun Circle» by L. V. Dychko)

Avian Figures and the Fluidity of “Jizz”

In the United States, “jizz” most commonly appears as a slang term for semen, yet initially emerged in British English as a fast method of field identification implemented by skilled birdwatchers and naturalists around the world. Jizz, as such, is messy, fluid, somewhat opaque, linked to embodied knowledge, and incredibly generative across diverse contexts. Linguistic evidence suggests the two semantic identities of jizz might be simultaneously inhabitable and etymologically interchangeable, yet all lineage is uncertain. Legend and literature have accused “jizz” of being a polysemic bastardization of an acronym, a backronym, and any one of a line-up of possible parent words. The extent to which this messiness, fluidity, and opacity penetrates jizz to its core makes this term ripe for generating a full-bodied rhetorical investigation. The nature of my investigation of jizz, a term deeply connected to human relationships with animals, is in part inspired by the “Rhetorical Bestiary” entries in the May 2017 special issue of the Rhetoric Society Quarterly. This issue is dedicated to the fledgling presence of animal studies in multidisciplinary rhetoric, and asks writers to “entangle their scholarly habits with a performative intertwining of and experimentation with human and nonhuman relationships” (Gordon, et al. 223). The resulting “Bestiary” features creative “entries” rather than “traditional essays” to demonstrate the “emergence of an animal rhetoric—one that embraces a discursive ecosystem composed of animal lives and mingles humanism with species of wisdom that are not our own” (ibid). One of the arguments I do not pursue explicitly but endeavor to suggest is that while “jizz” is explicitly used and analyzed by humans, it is not a uniquely human wisdom.

Agreement Mismatch in Partitive Relatives

Agreement Mismatch in Partitive Relatives

Distributional Models with Syntactic Contexts for the Measurement of Word Similarity in Brazilian Portuguese

The similarity between words constitutes significant support to tasks in natural language processing. Several works use Lexical resources such as WordNet for semantic similarity and synonym identification. Nevertheless, words out-of-vocabulary or missing links between senses are perceived problems of this approach. Distributional-based proposals like word embeddings have successfully been used to meet such problems, but the lack of contextual information can prevent the achievement of even better results. The distributional models that include contextual information can bring advantages to this area, but these models are still scarcely explored. Therefore, this work studies the advantages of incorporating syntactic information in the distributional models, fostering for better results in semantic similarity approaches. For that purpose, the current work explore existing lexical and distributional techniques regarding the measurement of word similarity in Brazilian Portuguese. Experiments were carried out with the lexical database WordNet, using different techniques over a standard dataset. The results indicate that word embeddings can cover words out of vocabulary and have better results in comparison with lexical approaches. The main contribution of this article is a new approach to apply syntactic context in the training process of word embeddings to a Brazilian Portuguese corpus. The comparison of this model with the outcome of the previous experiments shows sound results and presents relevant complementary aspects.

Reverse Engineering of Network Software Binary Codes for Identification of Syntax and Semantics of Protocol Messages

Reverse Engineering of Network Software Binary Codes for Identification of Syntax and Semantics of Protocol Messages

Détection de liens d'identité erronés en utilisant la détection de communautés dans les graphes d'identité

Different studies have observed that the semantic web identity predicate owl:SameAs is sometimes used incorrectly. In this paper, we show how network metrics such as the community structure of the owl:SameAs graph can be used in order to detect such possibly erroneous statements. One benefit of the here presented approach is that it can be applied to the network of owl:SameAs links, and does not rely on any additional knowledge. We evaluate our approach on 558M owl:SameAs statements scraped from the LOD cloud. This evaluation shows the ability of our approach to scale, and its efficiency in detecting erroneous identity links.

Column concept determination based on multiple evidences

SummaryTables on the web provide rich information. To make sufficient usage of web tables, the semantics of columns should be identified correctly. The absence, misspelling, and abbreviation in column names bring the challenges in column semantics identification. Facing this challenge, we extract multiple features including keywords, concepts, and structure from the content in the column. Thus, we could identify the column semantics by matching these multiple features. For the extraction and matching with these features, we propose efficient algorithms. Experimental results on real data sets show that our solution achieves high performance.

A Pragmatic Reconstruction of Law’s Claim to Authority

AbstractRaz holds thatnecessarilyall legal authorities, evende factoauthorities, make a claim to legitimate authority. He does not say that legitimacy is a necessary property of law. This view, which I call theclaim view, constitutes my focal point in this paper. Many commentators have criticized this view. I discuss and dismiss three critiques of the claim view: theverification critique(the claim view is not empirically confirmed), thelegalistic critique(law claims legal authority, not moral authority), and thesemantic critique(legal obligations are semantically distinct from moral obligations).I submit that Raz equates the meaning of legal duties with that of moral duties and yet denies that legal statements entail moral propositions. In other words, I distinguish thesemantic identity thesisfrom thesemantic entailment thesis. Instead of a semantic interpretation of the claim view, I defend a presuppositional ascription of a general claim to moral authority to authoritative duty‐imposing and normatively committed uses of legal language by official spokesmen. I show that law’s claim to authority does not prove the truth of the sources thesis, because conceptual confusion or insincerity can affect the epistemic reliability of the propositions embodied in the claim, and because blatant immorality can altogether cancel law’s pragmatically presupposed claim to moral authority. I also argue that the claim view can only warrant two qualified versions of exclusive legal positivism, one of which is almost tautological, the other self‐contradictory. Finally, I suggest that exclusive legal positivism cannot be defended on conceptual grounds.

Recommending attractive thematic regions by semantic community detection with multi-sourced VGI data

ABSTRACTAttractive regions can be detected and recommended by investigating users’ online footprints. However, social media data suffers from short noisy text and lack of a-priori knowledge, impeding the usefulness of traditional semantic modelling methods. Another challenge is the need for an effective strategy for the selection/recommendation of candidate regions. To address these challenges, we propose a comprehensive workflow which combines semantic and location information of social media data to recommend thematic urban regions to users with specific interests. This workflow is novel in: (1) developing a data-driven geographic topic modelling method which utilizes the co-occurrence patterns of self-explanatory semantic information to detect semantic communities; (2) proposing a new recommendation strategy with the consideration of region’s spatial scale. The workflow was implemented using a real-world dataset and evaluation conducted at three different levels: semantic representativeness, topic identification and recommendation desirability. The evaluation showed that the semantic communities detected were internally consistent and externally differentiable and that the recommended regions had a high degree of desirability. The work has demonstrated the effectiveness of self-explanatory semantic information for geographic topic modelling and highlighted the importance of including region spatial scale into the model for an effective region recommending strategy.

Термінологічні одиниці на позначення видів рим за граматичною ознакою

The urgent task of modern Ukrainian Rhymology is to streamline its terminology system. The importance of the grammatical parameter of rhyme was noted by the most of scientists, because it is known that, for example, verbs and adjectives generate within their category the so-called banal rhymes. Even in the context of syllabic poetry there were warnings regarding the use of book rhymes of certain grammatical paradigms. In general this guideline is fixed by modern rhyming rules. The most common approach to the “grammar” of rhyme is the three-step analysis of the grammatical features of the rhymeme and its fixation in terms. 1. Presence or absence of the semantic identity of the rhymeme (grammatically homogeneous and grammatically heterogeneous rhymes). 2. Grammatical affiliation of each rhymeme (verb rhyme, noun rhyme, noun-verb rhyme, etc.). 3. Correspondence between consonant morphemes of rhymemes (root rhyme, suffix rhyme, inflexional rhyme, suffix-inflexional rhyme, etc.). Word-change paradigms combine rows of words with common formants that are consonant. This prompts the scientists to seek out a rhyme connection between the paradigms. While classifying rhymes as to paradigm coincidence, Ivan Cherednychenko distributed the rhymes to three basic groups: regular, non-regular (partially regular and occasional-regular) and, at last, irregular rhymes. To eliminate the ambiguity of the combined terms, expanded terms with the refinement component should be used, for example, polymorphic suffixal- inflexional rhyme, multiformed suffixal-inflexional rhyme. In order to form a coherent picture of the modern terminology of rhymology, attention should be paid to the study of history and the problems of terms for other types of rhymes designation, in particular lexical-semantic, stylistic and line-strophic.

Intensional biases in affordance perception: an explanatory issue for radical enactivism

Radical Enactivism holds that the best explanation of basic forms of cognition is provided without involving information of any sort. According to this view, the ability to perceive visual affordances should be accounted for in terms of extensional covariations between variables spanning the agent’s body and the environment. Contrary to Radical Enactivism, I argue that the intensional properties of cognition cannot be ignored, and that the way in which an agent represents the world has consequences on the explanation of basic sensorimotor abilities. To support this claim, I show that the perception of visual affordances is not segregated from higher forms of cognition; rather, it is modulated by the agent’s ability to recognize the semantic identity of the visual target. Accordingly, since the semantic recognition of an object involves a way of representing it under a certain description, it can be inferred that the perception of visual affordances cannot be accounted for without considering the intensional properties of cognition. This poses an explanatory issue for Radical Enactivism.

Compounds with the Same Denotative Meaning in Different Languages

This article was devoted to the study of the specifics of national language thinking by representatives of different linguistic cultures in the nomination of complex nouns. The research was based on cognitive analysis, supported by the methods of semantic identification; descriptive-analytical and comparative. The quantitative method of material processing was used as required. A systematic approach to the study of compounds with the same denotative meaning in different languages needed the postulation of a meta-language, which could be a criterion for assessing a language in the light of its philological specificity. The peculiarities of cognitive comprehension of identical concepts and phenomena of the surrounding reality were revealed in the course of studying the relations of equivalence, continuity, inclusion, intersection, mixing, refinement, and contraindication, established between the CSOM components. The material of the work and the results of the study could also serve as a basis for further research in this area, in the practice of teaching English, German and Tatar languages among the English-language audience, and used in courses especially those in lexicology, comparative philology, cognitive semantics, as well as lexicographical practice.

Method of constructing a semantic dictionary consisting of a perfectly stable cryptosystem of text information protection

The article describes the formal structure of semantic images thesaurus for any language in general or for any subject separately. It is shown that in many applied spheres it is advisable to assign the following hierarchy of semantic units that reflect logically completed thoughts of a certain level of abstraction, where the degree of abstraction is reduced from left to right: script/situation/phrase word. At the same time, it was noted that for the construction of any perfectly stable lexicographic crypto-semantic protection system of text information it is necessary to have formal definitions of such semantic relations between semantic units as semantic identity, semantic difference, questionable semantic identity (or plausibility), questionable semantic difference (or false similarity). Accordingly, a methodological approach is proposed to protect the meaning of text messages, which is based on the use of semantic plausibility relations. In conclusion, the formal representation of textual information semantics is presented, which allows automating the process of creating semantic dictionaries.

СИСТЕМА РАСПОЗНАВАНИЯ СТЕГАНОГРАФИЧЕСКИ-ПРЕОБРАЗОВАННЫХ ГОЛОСОВЫХ КОМАНД УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БПЛА

It is created the system of recognition the steganographic-transformed voice commands of unmanned aerial vehicle control based on a cepstral analysis. It provides effective recognition and hidden commands transmission of to the board of an unmanned aerial vehicle, by converting voice control commands into a kind of steganographic characteristics vector, which implies the concealment of voice control information of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The mathematical model of the algorithm for calculating the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and the recognition classifier of voice control commands for the solution of the problem of semantic identification and securing the control information of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the communication channel is synthesized. A software package has been developed that includes tools for compiling the base of reference voice images of subjects of management for training and testing the system for recognizing steganographic-transformed voice commands of the unmanned aerial vehicle control based on the cepstral analysis and computer models of the proposed methods and algorithms for recognition voice control commands in the MATLAB environment. The expediency of applying the proposed system for recognizing steganographic-transformed voice commands of the unmanned aerial vehicle control based on a cepstral analysis is substantiated and experimentally proved. An algorithm is presented for calculating the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients that appear in the role of the main features of recognition and the result of the steganographic transformation of speech, where for the evaluation of automatic recognition of voice commands using the results of classifier constructed by the criterion of minimum distance in the role which acts as the variance of the difference of the expectation of a mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. The obtained results of the experimental research allow to draw a conclusion about the expediency of further practical application of the developed system of recognition the steganographic-transformed voice commands of the unmanned aerial vehicle control based on the cepstral analysis

Multiple Sluicing, Scope, and Superiority: Consequences for Ellipsis Identity

This article defends a semantic identity account of ellipsis licensing. The argument comes from examples of multiple sluicing, especially from Russian. Concentrating on antecedents that contain two quantified statements, we uncover a surprising asymmetry: surface scope antecedents can license a multiple sluice, but inverse scope antecedents cannot. We explain this finding in terms of semantic accounts of ellipsis licensing, where ellipsis is licensed when the sluice corresponds to an (implicit) question under discussion. We show that QUDs cannot be computed from the truth-conditional content of the antecedents alone; instead, they must be computed only after (scalar) implicatures have been calculated and added to the common ground, along with the context of utterance. We further discuss the commitments required of syntactic/LF identity accounts of ellipsis licensing in order to accommodate multiple sluicing with quantified antecedents, and argue that such accounts are practically untenable.

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIVE FIELD OF THE STIMULUS ЦІННІСТЬ (DYNAMIC ASPECT)

Introduction. The study of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of variousethnic groups does not lose its relevance in modern psycholinguistics. The overwhelming partof the researches of this problem is based on the materials of associative experiments. There havebeen accumulated a lot of these experiments both in lexicographical works and in separatescientific researches from the middle of the last century up to now. This fact allows studyingof the linguistic consciousness at a certain time slice and in dynamics. However, the list ofstimuli is not comprehensive, therefore, the materials of free associative experiments, that wasconducted in Ukraine in 2000 and in 2012, have been used, in order to achieve the purpose ofthis work.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to reveal the structure of the associative value bythe example of the associative fields of the stimulus ЦІННІСТЬ in the Ukrainian language.Methods. The structure of associative fields was discovered through the “associativegestalt”, which made an attempt to illustrate the trends of changing in the linguistic consciousnessof the representatives of the Ukrainian ethnic group at the beginning of the 21st century.Results. The article presents the results of the psycholinguistic analysis of the associativefields of the word-stimulus ЦІННІСТЬ, that were obtained from Ukrainian respondents withthe interval of twelve years, which represent the dynamics of changes in the correspondingfragments of the world image of Ukrainians. Conclusion. The study of the meaning of the word on the material of lexicographicsources and a number of associative experiments that were applied to a specific word-stimulus isjustified and necessary for the comprehensive identification of semantics.

Web pages: What can you see in a single fixation?

Research in human vision suggests that in a single fixation, humans can extract a significant amount of information from a natural scene, e.g. the semantic category, spatial layout, and object identities. This ability is useful, for example, for quickly determining location, navigating around obstacles, detecting threats, and guiding eye movements to gather more information. In this paper, we ask a new question: What can we see at a glance at a web page – an artificial yet complex “real world” stimulus? Is it possible to notice the type of website, or where the relevant elements are, with only a glimpse? We find that observers, fixating at the center of a web page shown for only 120 milliseconds, are well above chance at classifying the page into one of ten categories. Furthermore, this ability is supported in part by text that they can read at a glance. Users can also understand the spatial layout well enough to reliably localize the menu bar and to detect ads, even though the latter are often camouflaged among other graphical elements. We discuss the parallels between web page gist and scene gist, and the implications of our findings for both vision science and human-computer interaction.

Pragmatic presupposition and unarticulated constituents

There is a tradition of purely semantic identification of variables within the logical/syntactic level, which understands the meaning of sentences as only fully linguistically complete depending on the context. However, this article argues that the meaning of our natural language loses its epistemic relevance if we only refer to a semantically context-sensitive analysis, since speakers are the ones who mean things with words and not language by itself.

Hidden information retrieval and evaluation method and tools utilising ontology reasoning applied for financial fraud analysis.

The paper summarizes a semantic association evaluation and reasoning method, utilising domain and problem solving ontologies. The method combines algorithms for data aggregation and logic reasoning utilising concrete financial data. As an outcome method supports suspicious behaviour recognition of money loundering schemes. These scenarios and schemes are implemented by the analysts using ontology-based constructs. Provided tools cover all stages of data processing starting from structural data extraction and migration, aggregation to reasoning using logic (DL and FOL) constructs. Advances in automatic reasoning and the availability of semantic processing tools encourage analysts to extend existing link analysis methods towards contextual data processing. To demonstrate presented method, a proof of concept environment IAFEC Ontology Toolkit has been described. It delivers initial financial fraud identification schemes (rules) based on set of problem solving ontologies. The novelty in such approach comes from incorporating heterogeneous types of data, which usually are processed by graph methods. The semantic tool, extend capabilities of graph-based (homogeneous) approach by delivering context-aware indirect association identification, and inference path explanation and inspection capabilities. Presented material describes the method and analytical algorithms, which demonstrate description logic reasoning and graph-based semantic association identification and ranking. Developed method has been implemented, as a Protégé OWL 5.0 environment extension, supplemented with web-services delivering distributed data processing, aggregation (not available in ontology languages). The environment provides declarative processing capabilities enabling analysts to design configurable processing flow, and new financial fraud identification schemes.

추측확인법과 확인추측법의 의미와 기원

The grammatical sum does not form a coherent semantic identity. In the arrangement of the prefinal ending, the following elements add the grammatical and semantic meanings to the preceding elements. In conclusion, the arrangement of the prefinal ending of the estimation－confirmation is composed of the functions of estimation and confirmation and adds the semantic qualities of the information to the assumed element, and the confirmation－estimation undermines grammatical structure by less emphasizing the significance of confirmation. The ‘－리어－’ of the estimationconfirmation and the ‘－어리－’ of the confirmation－estimation have different syntactic structures, leading to different semantic qualities in terms of [±Confirmation]. This is accompanied by a change in the semantic elements of the estimation according to the meaning of the confirmation that precedes to or follows after the ‘－리－’, which is realized in the same form. Specifically, the form of estimation－confirmation carries the semantic element of simple assumption, while functioning to deliver the information. Therefore, the meaning unit of confirmation is not clearly distinguished. On the other hand, confirmation－estimation takes a form of rhetorical questionand therefore conveys the opposite meaning. It strengthens the role of confirmation, by placing the semantic element of the confirmation after the prefinal ending. The sentence of the confirmation－estimation often takes a form of “interrogative －려” (or “interrogative －리어－”) in front of the final ending. On the other hand, confirmation－estimation is associated with ‘－아－ + －리 － + －아 (＜ 가)’. The grammatical arrangement and placement determines different semantic roles.BR If ‘－리－’ is realized in the form of estimation, it can be used to express the semantic differences determined byaccording to the order of arrangement. However, as a result, this research shows that ‘－리₁－’, which is settled in the form of estimation－confirmation, and ‘－리₂－’, is realized in a form of the confirmation－estimation, and the both are originally different grammatical elements. In a historical sense, there is no precedent to ‘－리₁－’ coming before the prefinal endings of ‘－거/어－아－’, except for ‘－리₂－’. ‘★’ and ‘★’ in Sǒktok kugyǒl during the Koryǒ period, which reveals the historical trajectory of the grammar functions corresponding to ‘ － 리₁－’ and ‘－ 리₂－’ of the 15th century Korea, respectively. For example, ‘★’ functions as the prefinal ending and ‘★’ functions as the interrogative ending in combination with interrogative auxiliary element.BR In the 15th century, ‘－리₁－’ and ‘－리₂－’ show different grammatical categorization, as the ‘－리－’ element was originally a combination of two or more morphemes, not a single morpheme, deriving from other grammatical elements. The element was drawn from a combination of a gerund ending and a copula, but ‘리₁－’ and ‘－리₂－’ were differentiated by which prefinal ending the element is being combined with. The two forms derived from the grammaticalization process of the interrogative endings and formed new grammar categories. Although they contain different semantic compositions, their properties indicates that they share the semantic function of the estimation.