Identification Of Effective Components Research Articles

Identification of effective components in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici for alleviating gouty inflammation through integrated absorption and metabolism studies

Flos Chrysanthemi Indici (FCI) is a widely used edible flower and functional food resource, whose extract demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced inflammation in mice. However, the main active components responsible for this effect have remained elusive. Understanding the bioavailability of these components is essential for ensuring the efficacy of functional foods. In this study, we aimed to identify the active components of FCI by examining their in vivo exposure, including absorbed compounds and their metabolites. Initially, we investigated the profiles of FCI extract and absorption and metabolism in rat plasma. Subsequently, through cellular experiments, we found that luteolin, apigenin, luteolin-3′-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-glucuronide, and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against MSU-induced inflammation in THP-1 macrophage cells. The active-related parent compounds in FCI (linarin and luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside) were considered as quality control standards for the development of functional products targeting gout. This study characterized the active polyphenolics of FCI in vivo, which may contribute to its reported anti-gout properties, providing valuable insights into the health benefits of FCI polyphenols.

Screening and identification of effective components from modified Taohong Siwu decoction for protecting H9c2 cells from damage.

We found that modified Taohong Siwu decoction (MTHSWD) had cardioprotective effects after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study was to screen the effective components of MTHSWD that have protective effects on H9c2 cell injury through H2O2 injury model. Fifty-three active components were screened by CCK8 assay to detect cell viability. The anti-oxidative stress ability was evaluated by detecting the levels of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells. The anti-apoptotic effect was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL). Finally, the phosphorylation levels of ERK, AKT, and P38MAPK were detected by WB (Western blot) to study the protective mechanism of effective monomers against H9c2 cell injury. Among the 53 active ingredients of MTHSWD, ginsenoside Rb3, levistilide A, ursolic acid, tanshinone I, danshensu, dihydrotanshinone I, and astragaloside I could significantly increase the viability of H9c2 cells. The results of SOD and MDA showed that ginsenoside Rb3, tanshinone I, danshensu, dihydrotanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA could significantly reduce the content of lipid peroxide in cells. TUNEL results showed that ginsenoside Rb3, tanshinone I, danshensu, dihydrotanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA reduced apoptosis to varying degrees. The tanshinone IIA, ginsenoside Rb3, dihydrotanshinone I, and tanshinone I reduced the phosphorylation levels of P38MAPK and ERK in H9c2 cells induced by H2O2, and the phosphorylation level of ERK was also significantly reduced by danshensu. At the same time, tanshinone IIA, ginsenoside Rb3, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, and danshensu significantly increased AKT phosphorylation level in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, the effective ingredients in MTHSWD provide basic basis and experimental reference for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Identification of effective components and their determination to present complementary insurance for dental services in Iran

Background and aim: The inability of the government to finance the citizens' treatment in all therapy eras apparently shows the need for the presence and development of complementary insurance in the health field. This study aims to identify and determine the effective components to present complementary insurance of dental services in Iran. Materials and methodology: This research is applicable in terms of the goal and exploratory mixed in that of data, so 15 experts were used. The data analysis method is a theorethical coding taken from the meta-combination method. In this research, to identify the criteria after reviewing the literature of related studies and interviewing with studied elites and trustees, the meta-combination method was used. Finding: 39 papers associated with complementary health insurance were gathered by insurance organizations. The studied countries had complementary insurance coverage from private and public insurance organizations. Also, in most of the countries, the management and organization were mostly performed by the Ministry of Health at the national and supervision levels. After analyzing the data, variables were classified as nine different levels. Conclusion: Findings of the study showed that the presented complementary health model of dental services consists of 9 major dimensions, the most important of which are economic and service quality factors, and eventually using them, the customer satisfaction will increase.

Deciphering the Q-markers of nourishing kidney-yin of Cortex Phellodendri amurense from ZhibaiDihuang pill based on Chinmedomics strategy

BackgroundCortex Phellodendri amurensis (CPA) has high medicinal value in the treatment of kidney-yin deficiency diseases. However, due to the lack of research on the therapeutic material basis of CPA, the current quality control standard for CPA is defective, and the effect of the nourishing kidney-yin of CPA was limited. PurposeBased on the principle of correspondence between the syndrome and prescriptions, we studied the CPA in ZhibaiDihuang pill (ZBDH) to identify quality markers (Q-markers) of CPA in ZBDH for treating kidney-yin deficiency and seek the potential Q-markers of CPA under nourishing kidney-yin effect combined with the analysis of single CPA. MethodsTaking Chinmedomics as the core strategy, metabonomics analysis and effective component identification were performed by UPLC-MS. ResultsA total of 121 chemical components of ZBDH were identified, among which the contents of berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine changed the most obviously with the addition of CPA. Forty-five components were identified in the blood in the markedly effective state, including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine. The therapeutic material basis of ZBDH in the treatment of kidney-yin deficiency was found, and 6 components were found to derive from CPA, including magnoflorine and jatrorrhizine. In addition, seventeen components were identified in the blood in the single CPA treatment, including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine. ConclusionsMagnoflorine and jatrorrhizine were the Q-markers of CPA for treating kidney-yin deficiency in the formula of ZBDH and they were also potential Q-markers of the nourishing kidney-yin of CPA.

Identification of Effective Components in Hospital Performance Assessment: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: An appropriate and applicable model of hospital performance assessment can potentially lead to accountability, quality of service, and patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on hospital performance assessment. Methods: In this qualitative study, in order to elucidate the experts’ experiences of hospital performance assessment, based on purposive sampling, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 health services management professors, university and hospital managers, national accreditors, and the authorities in charge of quality improvement of hospitals in Mazandaran Province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, codified, classified, and analyzed based on the conventional content analysis approach. Results: The participants’ experiences indicated the need to take into account all dimensions influencing performance assessment as well as a balanced measurement of the structure, process, outcome, control, and context of the hospital that provides services. Totally, 5 main themes and 18 sub-themes were extracted from the data analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that a comprehensive performance assessment system needs to measure all dimensions of hospital performance. It is therefore recommended that in hospital performance assessment, in addition to traditional attention paid to resources and facilities, hospital processes, the outcomes of proper implementation of processes, control, and the context in which the hospital provides services also be taken into account.

Obesity prevention - is school an effective place? A systematic review

Abstract Background Juvenile and childhood obesity or overweight are associated with various secondary diseases and physical limitations, as well as with the effects of discrimination and social exclusion. The early prevention of obesity remains a key area of action worldwide. Schools are considered as a classical setting. The analysis focuses on the effectiveness of interventions, the identification of effective components and conditions as well as barriers. The aim is to provide a differentiated presentation of the current study situation. Methods The systematic literature search in eleven databases included studies in English and German published in 1990 to 2015. A control group and posttest data were obligatory. Evaluated outcome measures must map effects on the prevalence of obesity (e.g., BMI, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio). Included full texts were evaluated with the instrument ROBINS-I. Due to the heterogeneity of studies (especially in terms of design, intervention and outcomes) results were analysed qualitatively. Results 48 primary studies were included of which most studies report data on changes in mean BMI over time, and show predominantly (small) effects in favour of the intervention. Almost all identified interventions include behavioral measures, most of them combine the fields of nutrition and physical activity, with behavioral prevention being overrepresented in particular in activities addressing nutrition. Conclusions The results allow the conclusion, that school-based measures to prevent obesity are effective in terms of anthropometric outcome measures, but to a limited extent. There is clear evidence that the effects achieved tend to be maintained beyond the intervention. There are also clear indications for the cost-effectiveness of school-based obesity prevention. The studies from this field of research have clearly gained in quality over the years and are now flanked by health economic analyses. Funded by DIMDI Key messages School-based measures to prevent obesity are effective in terms of anthropometric outcome measures, but to a limited extent. In order to fully realize its potential, school-based measures to prevent obesity should be accompanied by interventions at other levels, like the health-promoting design of living environments.

Preventive and therapeutic effects of Trichinella spiralis adult extracts on allergic inflammation in an experimental asthma mouse model

BackgroundHelminths immunomodulate the host immune system by secreting proteins to create an inhibitory environment as a strategy for survival in the host. As a bystander effect, this balances the host immune system to reduce hypersensitivity to allergens or autoantigens. Based on this, helminth therapy has been used to treat some allergic or autoimmune diseases. As a tissue-dwelling helminth, Trichinella spiralis infection has been identified to have strong immunomodulatory effects; the effective components in the worm have not yet been identified.MethodsThe soluble extracts of T. spiralis adult worms and muscle larvae were used to treat airway inflammation before and after an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitization/challenge in an OVA-induced asthma mouse model. The therapeutic effects were observed by measuring the level of inflammation in the lungs.ResultsThe soluble products derived from T. spiralis parasites, especially from adult worms, were able to ameliorate OVA-induced airway inflammatory responses which were associated with reduced eosinophil infiltration, OVA-specific IgE, Th2 cytokine IL-4, and increased IL-10 and TGF-β. The stimulation of the Treg response may contribute to the alleviated allergic inflammation.ConclusionsTrichinella spiralis worm extracts stimulate regulatory cytokines that are associated with reduced allergic airway inflammation. The identification of effective components in the adult worm extracts will be a crucial approach for developing a novel therapeutic for allergic and autoimmune diseases.

Identification of effective components from Naoxintong Capsules intestinal absorption liquid in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet aggregation

Intestinal absorption liquid was prepared by using everted intestinal sac method; meanwhile, its recipes were decomposed or restructured. Platelet aggregation activity was examined by biochemical tests and a microplate reader. One or more kinds of Chinese medicines which displayed inhibiting activity in Naoxintong Capsules were screened through separation and combination of prescription. The results showed that Naoxintong Capsules could inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Recipe decomposition and restructuring results showed that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Hirudo were the main effective medicines in inhibiting platelet aggregation. Furthermore, Cinnamomi Ramulus played a vital role in inhibiting activity among those four kinds of Chinese medicines. Coumarin derived from intestinal absorption liquid of Cinnamomi Ramulus had inhibiting activity in the range of 50-200 μmol·L⁻¹, and other ingredients such as cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamaldehyde also had inhibiting activities. In conclusion, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Hirudo are the main components for inhibiting ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and Cinnamomi Ramulus has the most strongest inhibiting activity in Naoxintong Capsules.

Identification of Effective Components for Increasing the Sustainable Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants (with emphasis on Air Pollution) Using the SBSC Technique

Identification of Effective Components for Increasing the Sustainable Efficiency of Thermal Power Plants (with emphasis on Air Pollution) Using the SBSC Technique

A systematic review investigating the behaviour change strategies in interventions to prevent misuse of anabolic steroids.

We examined intervention effectiveness of strategies to prevent image- and performance-enhancing drug use. Comprehensive searches identified 14 interventions that met review inclusion criteria. Interventions were predominantly educational and delivered within school sport settings, but targeted a wide range of mediating factors. Identification of effective components was limited across studies by brief or imprecise descriptions of intervention content, lack of behavioural outcome measures and short-term follow-up times. However, studies with components in addition to information provision may be more promising. Interventions outside of sport settings are required to reflect the transition of this form of substance use to the general population.

Acacia senegal Possesses in vitro Cytotoxicity Against Human Cancer Cells

In vitro assay for cytotoxic activity of Acacia senegal has been carried out against four human cancer cell lines from four different tissues via aqueous extract at the concentration of 10, 30 and 100 μg/ml using Sulphorhodamine blue (SRB) assay. Results revealed that fruit and seed part of the plant showed remarkable in vitro cytotoxic potential against three human cancer cells of cervical (SiHa), neuroblastoma (IMR-32) and lung (A-549) origin at the concentration of 30 and 100 μg/ml. Based on in vitro data, it is suggested that further in vivo studies as well as identification of effective components could be useful in designing new anti-cancer therapeutic agents from this particular plant.

Jatamansi : ASource Against Lung and Colon Cancer Cells

In vitro assay for cytotoxic activity of Nardostachys jatamansi has been carried out against eight human cancer cell lines from six different tissues via 95 per cent methanolic and aqueous extract at the concentration of 100 μg/ml using Sulphorhodamine blue (SRB) assay. Results revealed that methanolic extract from the stem leaves of N. jatamansi showed highest in vitro cytotoxic effect against four human cancer cell lines (A-549, COLO-205, SW-620, NCI-H322) from lung and colon origin. Based on in vitro data, it is suggested that further in vivo studies as well as identification of effective components from methanolic extract and their exact mechanism of action could be useful in designing new anticancer therapeutic agents.

Revealing the role of catalysts in carbon nanotubes and nanofibers by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy.

The identification of effective components on the atomic scale in carbon nanomaterials which improve the performance in various applications remains outstanding challenges. Here the catalyst residues in individual carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) were clearly imaged with a concurrent characterization of their electronic structure by nanoscale scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Except for prominent catalyst nanoparticle at the tip, tiny catalyst clusters along the tube (fiber) were detected, indicating a migration of the catalysts with the growth of CNTs (CNFs). The observation provides the direct evidence on the atomic metal in CNT for oxygen reduction reported in the literature. Interaction between catalysts (Fe, Ni) and CNTs (CNFs) at the tip was also identified by comparing the X-ray absorption spectra. A deep understanding of catalyst residues such as Fe or Ni in carbon nanomaterials is very vital to growth mechanism development and practical applications.

Anti-protozoan Effects of Methanol Extracts of the Ferula szowitsiana on the Trichomonas Vaginalis Trophozoites in vitro

Objectives: Trichomonas vaginalis which is flagellated unicellular organism is the causative agent of vaginitis. Medications used to treat trichomoniasis often have unpleasant side effects or are not effective. Given the prevalence of this disease, the production of safe, effective and affordable medicines is necessary. Various species of ferula are antibacterial and anti-fungal and anti- protozoan. So far, no study has been done on the effect of Ferula szowitsiana on trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis. Materials and Methods: Coma (Ferula), native to Eastern Azerbaijan province, was collected and methanol extracts were prepared. Trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis was cultured in vitro in CPLM medium and the effect of the mentioned extracts on the growth and survival of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite was measured by Mack-master slide. Results: Concentrations of 2 and 3 mg/ml in Methanol extracts of F. szowitsiana and could inhibit the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite completely after 72-hour incubation. Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite survived at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.375 and 0.25 mg/ml and methanol extract of F. szowitsiana were 42, 52 and 68%, respectively. The reduction of the number of parasites was visible 48 hours after incubation which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ferula extract in different concentrations inhibited the growth of the dose-dependent trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis. The results of this study showed that native species of F. szowitsiana is suitable for the study of anti-trichomonas nature of it in vitro. Therefore, further study and identification of effective components in the methanol extract in the studied species are required.

DTGS: Method for Effective Components Identification from Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula and Mechanism Analysis

Because of the complexity of the components in Traditional Chinese Medicine formula (TCM formula), it is still a challenge to identify its effective components, to elucidate the mechanism of the components, and to discover the relationship between components and therapy objectives. In this paper, a method called directed TCM grammar systems (dTGS) for effective component identification was proposed using entity grammar systems (EGS) as the theoretical framework. The component-disease relationship of a TCM formula (i.e., Bai-Hu decoction plus Wasting-Thirsting formula, BHDWT) and one disease (i.e., type 2 diabetes mellitus) treated with it was studied, and the effective component groups (ECGs) were identified. 19 compounds were found acting on 20 proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) disease network, and 15 compounds were determined as the candidate effective components. Results indicated that this method can be used to identify the effective components and provide an innovative way to elucidate the molecular mechanism of TCM formulas.

Cytotoxic effect of Mentha spicata aqueous extract on cancerous cell lines in vitro

Mentha spicata is a herb with several biological properties. Cytotoxicity of essential oils of M. spicata on some cancer cells has been reported. In this study the cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of M. spicata on two tumor cell lines (Wehi-164 fibrosarcoma and U937 leukemic monocyte) has been evaluated in vitro . Wehi-164 and U937 cells were separately cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS. Then the cells at logarithmic growth phase were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of aqueous extract of M. spicata (0.1 to 10 mg/ml) at 24, 48 and 72 h periods. The cell proliferation was assessed with trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT assays. Aqueous extract of M. spicata significantly reduced the proliferation of Wehi-164 and U937 cells dose and time- dependently. The LD 50 values of M. spicata extract were 5.97, 4.63 and 4.77 mg/ml for the Wehi-164 cells and 5.6, 5.3 and 4.84 mg/ml for the U937 cells, after 24, 48 and 72 h treatment respectively. Aqueous extract of M. spicata showed cytotoxic effect in mouse fibrosarcoma Wehi-164 and human monocytic U937 cells. Thus, M. spicata could have potential anti-tumor activity. In vivo studies as well as identification of effective components of M. spicata with anti-cancer activity and their exact mechanism of action could be useful in designing new anti-cancer therapeutic agents.

ホタテガイ合成エキス中のアルギニンの苦味抑制成分の同定

ホタテガイ合成エキス中のアルギニンの苦味抑制成分の同定

Identification of effective component from a traditional herbal medicine and the inhibitory effects on experimental glomerular lesion in mice.

Effective constituents for renal disease were partially purified from a herbal prescription. The efficacy on renal diseases was examined using an experimental model system of glomerular lesion in mice induced by Agkistrodon acutus venom (Ac1-P). The extract of boiling water of the herbal prescription (P-3) was first fractionated by ether into an acidic fraction and a mixture of basic and neutral fractions. The acidic fraction was proved to be more effective and then further examined by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. One of the main components was confirmed to be caffeic acid which had inhibitory effect on renal failure in mice by Ac1-P. This effect was considered to be caused by caffeic acid inhibiting the proteolytic enzyme activity of Ac1-P. Caffeic acid should thus have prophylactic or inhibitory effect on glomerular disease in which proteolytic enzymes may have pathogenic roles.