Ideas Of Pluralism Research Articles

Plurality and Constitutionalism

In the establishment of the new South African democracy, modernisation through constitutionalism, globalisation and economic freedom resulted in a pluralist space with pluralist ideas and pluralist politics. Living in plurality means living in a world of difference and living cooperatively with other religions, and this is also inextricably entangled with the history, economics, politics and culture of societies and individuals. Religion remains a key player in society, and, though the State is seen as secular, the Constitution does recognise and support religions and protects the religious rights of the citizenry. But navigating religious differences in a liberal democracy can create tensions when the application of rights is blind to how citizens differ. This article reveals how constitutional interpretations in public education can be perceived by religions as unequal treatment underscoring the limits of plurality.

Promoting Theoretical Pluralism in International Relations: Through the Empirical Case of Realism and Constructivism

The traditional interrelation of theories in the discipline of International Relations (IR) could essentially be deemed as one of tension, which has arguably trumped the academic development of the discipline by impeding theories from dialoguing with each other. Fortunately, following the promotion of theoretical pluralism by scholars, a pathway towards the harmonious consolidation of theories has potentially been constructed. This essay appreciates the value of theoretical pluralism to IR and henceforth aims to further promote its ideas in the discipline. It makes this case by empirically demonstrating the utility of theoretical pluralism in IR through the case of realism and constructivism. It shows that while the two theories are both unable to provide a comprehensive account of state behaviour if applied in perfect isolation, they can nevertheless jointly form a more comprehensive account of state behaviour if dialogued under the light of pluralist ideas.

Moral impact of technologies from a pluralist perspective: Artificial photosynthesis as a case in point

We propose and illustrate a model for evaluating the moral impact of technologies from a pluralist perspective. We conceptualize technological artefacts as having moral profiles that consist of the values served and disserved along five levels of decision-making: (1) problem, (2) strategy, (3) resources, (4) product and (5) design. The notion of complex equality, directly stemming from the pluralist philosophy of Michael Walzer, can function as a heuristic principle to guide the identification and analysis of imbalances along these five levels. We provide an illustrative case study of the moral profile of artificial photosynthesis (AP), an emerging technology for renewable fuel production that promises to resolve our current dependence on fossil fuels. We conclude by providing future directions for the implementation of pluralist ideas in R&D policy and in societal discourse on emerging and incumbent technologies.

Криза концепції біорізноманіття? Глобальні тенденції та погляд з України

The concept of biological diversity (BD) emerged in the early 20th century, and since then the term has been widely used in both scientific and popular science, often as a substitute for the concepts of species richness and species diversity. ‘Biodiversity’ has grown into an extensive scientific concept that underpins the theoretical and practical foundations of nature conservation around the world. However, there are many critics of the concept of biodiversity, in particular because of the lack of unambiguous definitions that would simultaneously include the entire scope and all levels and aspects of the diversity of living matter. As a rule, diversity studies focus on such aspects as ‘rarity’, ‘threatened’, and ‘extinction’, which in practical terms is manifested in the attempt to preserve rare and endangered genetic, taxonomic, and ecological units, while the vast majority of living things are left out. So, is the concept of biodiversity in general in a real crisis, or is there only a crisis of diversity of definitions, that is, the theoretical foundations of this concept, particularly in the light of scientific achievements of the 20th and 21st centuries? In this paper, we examine the conceptual positions on biodiversity and the arguments against their paradigmatic nature and general viability, which were brought to public discussion in the article ‘The case against the concept of biodiversity’ by the well-known researcher and journalist Clare Fieseler, published on the well-known American news and explanatory journalism website Vox (2021). From this article, we have identified seven controversial aspects of the current understanding and perception of the concept of biodiversity. The problems associated with the interpretation of the term ‘biodiversity’, biotic diversity as a dynamic system, current trends in biodiversity research, and the contribution of Ukraine to the development of the concept of biodiversity are also discussed. The ideas of pluralism of biodiversity concepts and the possibility of an updated interpretation of this term are considered. The challenges Ukraine faces in times of a great upheaval, in particular in the context of war and catastrophic destruction of natural complexes, are detailed.

Problems of conceptualization of the ideas of pluralism in the philosophy of postmodernism

Problems of conceptualization of the ideas of pluralism in the philosophy of postmodernism

MULTIPLE CRITIQUES AS A METHOD OF PROGRESSIVE MUSLIM THINKING CONFRONTING PLURALITY

Substantially, the term progressive Muslim in Islamic discourse is not a new thing. Progressive Muslims are Muslims who have a forward and open mindset. There are three major missions carried out, such as justice, gender equality, and accepting plurality. The purpose of this study is to find the root cause of the problem of religious exclusivism and how the role of progressive Muslims in solving this problem. Because misunderstandings about the meaning of plurality can then give birth to an attitude of radicalism that endangers many people. As a result, Islam is interpreted as a religion that is hard and rigid because some people criticize it in a narrow and way. How should a progressive Muslim try to reconstruct his thinking in facing plurality according to Omid Safi? The researcher uses descriptive and interpretive methods to explain the problem of plurality and Omid Safi's theory is related to contemporary problems. This research is library research by utilizing reading sources such as books and journals. From the research, it is found that Omid Safi uses multiple critiques as a progressive Muslim thinking method. According to him, multiple criticism or double criticism is an attempt to criticize Western and Islamic thought. Constructive criticism is necessary. Not only criticizing the hegemony of the West, but progressive Muslims also need to be criticized if they display an attitude that tends to be rigid, dogmatic, and authoritarian towards plurality. Safi associates plurality with humanism and open knowledge. Seeing that humans have the same values justice is one of the elements that must be upheld. Safi defines plurality as a form that goes beyond tolerance (Beyond pluralism). According to him, there is still a distance between tolerance in accepting differences. Like a poison that can still be tolerated by the human body. Plurality is when we can say “we” even though we have different beliefs. In the end, the idea of ​​plurality encourages us to be humanist and dynamic towards the times.

A Comparison of Sangam Society and Postmodern Society

The Sangam age society is an ethnic society based on the divisions of five thinai lands and a society that accommodates pluralistic ideas. In this context, postmodernism, which originated in western art and literature, is seen in the Tamil context as a thought to bring out the state of society after the nineties. On this basis, the definitions of the society of the Sangam age and the definitions of postmodern society are taken up. The comparison of these two societies also provides a comparatively critical explanation. Love has been transformed from being the basis of marriage to today's casteist background. The man-leader and his friend's guidance have been the cure for the malady of the Marutham woman. But the lovesickness of a woman who is in love today is cured by her old age. In this article, the situation where women are fighting for their livelihood in adulthood like Ovvai, admired by Athiyaman, and the situation where education has been liberalized, privatized, and commercialized by globalization in a society where the importance of education has been emphasized, has been explained in a way that compares the society during the Sangam period and the post-modern society.

We Are the Oppressor and the Oppressed: The Interplay Between Intrapsychic, Interpersonal, and Societal Intersectionality

This paper explores the idea of multiple social identities in individuals and the interplay of these identities intrapsychically, interpersonally, and systemically. Oppression is often viewed as a binary concept: Either one is the oppressor or the oppressed. The author develops ideas of pluralism and intersectionality that exist in individuals and society to illustrate how everyone has the experience of being both the oppressor and the oppressed. He provides examples of responses to oppression at all levels (intrapsychic, interpersonal, and systemic) and builds on ideas from radical psychiatry to explain ways to move out of oppression. The article concludes with reflective questions that invite readers to explore the possible dynamics that exist in the therapy room as well as in other fields and contexts of human relations practice.

Representation of Diasporic Identity in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Oleander Girl

This paper examines the representation of diasporic identity in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Oleander Girl from the perspective of contemporary critical approaches to diaspora. It is argued that moving beyond its preoccupation with the poetics and politics of colonialism, postcolonial literature is making forays into diasporic dynamism to the extent that contemporary fiction within its ambit can be seen as literature of diaspora to a great extent. Divakaruni’s Oleander Girl focuses on the issues pertaining to identity formation and identity crisis. National, religious, racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds that work as the determiners of one’s identity have been problematized in the novel. In the process, the idea of plurality embedded in one’s identity instead of the illusion of any singular identity has been suggested. The concern with identity politics is dominant in these literary texts against the backdrop of cross-cultural, inter-racial, multi-ethnic and transnational communication and interaction.

Ação Declaratória de Inconstitucionalidade nº 5.537: análise do direito à educação em face dos vícios materiais da lei 7.800/2016, que instituiu o Programa Escola Livre.

O presente artigo expõe as inconstitucionalidades materiais da lei 7.800, de 05 de maio de 2016, que versa sobre o projeto Escola Livre, a ser aplicado no ensino público do Estado de Alagoas. O texto legal visa limitar o direito às liberdades acadêmicas dos professores, na busca por uma educação supostamente neutra, longe de influências políticas, religiosas ou ideológicas. A lei foi julgada inconstitucional pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, através de medida cautelar, no dia 21 de março de 2017. Com objetivo de esclarecer as incoerências por trás do texto, bem como a influência da decisão do Supremo em outros projetos ao redor do país, ressalta-se a defesa do artigo 206 da Constituição Federal, notadamente as liberdades de aprender e de ensinar, o pluralismo de ideias e de concepções pedagógicas, e a gestão democrática.

“Рostmodern shift” in German textbooks on pedagogy at the beginning of the XXI сentury

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the theory of pedagogy, which is moving to a new stage of its development - the stage of postmodernity. On the example of the analysis of textbooks on pedagogy published in modern Germany, the author examines the characteristic features of postmodern pedagogy. Based on the content analysis, the representation of postmodern problems in textbooks is established, a classification of the approaches of the authors of textbooks to the reflection of this topic in different parts of the didactic apparatus of textbooks is carried out. Three leading directions, which are the pedagogical projection of the ideas of postmodernism, are characterized in detail. These include: clarification of the conceptual differences between modernity and postmodernity and their pedagogical projections; ideas that contain criticism of metanarrations; the issue of human identity in the era of pluralism of ideas and forms of their objectification. The conclusion is made about the weakening of theorists' attention to postmodernism problems, while postmodernism practices tend to spread.

PECULIARITIES OF POST-POSTOMODERN PSYCHOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY BRITISH NOVEL

In the paper, I explore the strategies of the “resurrection of the subject” in the discourse of English post-postmodern novel. It has been emphasized the essential role of psychology in contemporary British novels. This paper reports the results of the investigation about the nature of the interaction of characters with the society, artistic revision of socio-political problems, etc. has been revealed. The peculiarities of the outlook of characters endowed with exceptional features (presence of Asperger’s syndrome, inability to hear untruth, etc.) have been discussed. It is emphasized that the worldview of post-postmodern characters is determined by genetic and physiological features, which makes it possible to perceive the reality as objectively as possible, discarded and analytically. At the same time, characters find strategies for post-postmodern humanism, which is fundamentally different from the humanistic traditions of the twentieth century. Post-postmodern narrative reacts to the idea of the Nietzsche’s philosophy of the plurality of truth. In the post-postmodern novels, the idea of plurality of truth is not denied but along with these truths there is an attempt to reach an ontological Truth, which is not currently given in senses and knowledge, since mankind has not reached a certain state of its own development. This idea is especially presented in David Mitchell’s novel “Cloud Atlas.” The main idea of the paper is that the hypothetical presence of Truth actualizes the motive of the ontological knowledge search, the need to understand the world at a qualitatively different level than humanity is experiencing here and now. Ontological forms of cognition of Truth in novels may be music (the ability to create musical masterpieces that appear as a form of the proclamation of the Truth), mathematics (as a perfect language, devoid of the disadvantages of metaphorical according to which the narrowing of the picture of the world occurs). Besides, the autistic mind of the post-postmodern protagonist of the novel “The Curious Incident…” seeks to know the surrounding reality as a system in which it is possible to establish regularities between its various fragments. All this determines the multidimensionality of the discourse of the “resurrection of the subject” in the contemporary British novels. The English post-postmodern novels represent a break with the postmodern tradition of novelistic characters. However, bringing the narrative closer to the actual broadcast of people with autism, writers currently do not have tools to depict deep psychological experiences in the inner world of characters. The autistic consciousness of post-postmodern characters resembles the phenomenon of “black box” or a computer whose internal processes remain incomprehensible to an outside user.

Are human rights western—And why does it matter? A perspective from international political theory

A widespread assumption alleges that human rights are not universal, as they claim to be, but are instead Western oriented. Yet a growing body of research provides evidence that human rights are not just Western. Both perspectives are critical of repressive dimensions in the human rights regime, though they recommend different approaches to addressing them. This article explores both viewpoints from an International Political Theory perspective. Examining the pluralist idea, institutionalization, and application of human rights, the first section argues that human rights are not just Western. The second section investigates why it nevertheless matters to ask whether human rights are Western. This article develops four interrelated criteria: dynamic pluralism, awareness of power and inequalities, contextual universalism, and open normativity. These criteria help determine whether human rights are (not just) Western, and, more importantly, they provide the basis for an emancipatory human rights regime.

HISTORICAL MEMORY AND SOCIAL MYTH AS A FORM OF INTERPRETING OF THE PAST HISTORY

HISTORICAL MEMORY AND SOCIAL MYTH AS A FORM OF INTERPRETING OF THE PAST HISTORY

Islam, Social Justice, and Democracy

AbstractEgalitarian preferences and benevolence are significant elements of Islamic social justice, which is one of the main pillars of Islam's ethico-political system. Surprisingly, empirical investigations about attitudinal implications of Islamic social justice values are rare. This is one of the first studies examining the correlations between Islam, social justice values, and regime preferences. It proposes that benevolence and egalitarian distributive preferences will induce democratic support and mediate the effect of religiosity on democratic orientations. Seemingly unrelated regression estimations using a Muslim-only sample from the sixth wave of the World Values Surveys support these hypotheses. The effects of social justice values are exclusive to support for democracy and not to support for authoritarian systems. Furthermore, religiosity increases support for democracy through intermediate mechanism of social justice values. These results imply that, next to principles ofijtihad,ijma, andshura, Islamic social justice values can induce pluralistic ideas in Muslim majority societies.

ДАРОВИТИ СТУДЕНТИ И ИНТЕРКУЛТУРНА КОМУНИКАЦИЈА

This paper presents some of the results of an exploratory research conducted on an appropriate sample of students from six countries in the region of Southeast Europe (N-973), among them 182 potentially gifted, ie with an average grade above 9.00, therefore with expressed academic performance. The intercultural sensitivity of the gifted students was examined in the context of the current migration processes in order to analyze their ability to accept pluralistic ideas and to reconsider the opposite argumentation, because the gifted have a greater tolerance to diversity and the like.The differences in the intercultural sensitivity of the gifted students compared to other students, as well as the differences between students by gender, were recorded by applying the descriptive method and the scale of assessment as an instrument. The instrument was concerned with the question: what effects in the field of intercultural communication can cause current migration in Europe? Independent variables were gender and success in studies, and the dependent variable was level of intercultural sensitivity.The main finding relates to the following: there are statistically significant differences (small or medium) in evaluating positive and negative intercultural effects in terms of sex and success in studies, and that the donation in immigration flows has more positive effects for the EU, and in the first place among these is the strengthening of multiculturalism in the EU.

Da li je socijalni rad a priori human?

Social work is an activity and profession that has passed through various phases in its development, taking on different forms (traditional-positivist, functionalist, bureaucratic, radical). The character of social work can be judged on the basis of what its goals are, on which values and principles it is founded; what its relations towards citizens, service users, colleagues, and members of related professions and local communities are, as well as on the basis of means, methods, and skills it uses in its practice. At the beginning of the 21st century, social work follows the pluralism of ideas, concepts, models, experiences, and practices, as well as it faces new and complex challenges and problems arising from the processes of globalisation and diversification, as generally complex processes in their nature, which, in turn, create even more complex social problems, but, at the same time, narrow down institutional, economic, political, and cultural opportunities for social work. The author claims that there are solid ideological and value bases, ideas, theories, and good practice experiences for the development of humanistic or integrative social work, but their realisation depends on the economic, political, cultural, and social context of concrete societies, and on the will and power of social workers to establish their work on humanistic grounds. It is the general conclusion of this paper that social work is not humane a priori, which means that we still need to create such social conditions in order to direct goals, contents, methods, procedures, and attitudes of social work towards the affirmation, well-being and welfare of human beings in practice.

ІГРОВЕ ПАРОДІЮВАННЯ ЖАНРОВИХ ТРАДИЦІЙ У РОМАНІ-ТРИПТИХУ «ТРИ ЛИСТКИ ЗА ВІКНОМ» ВАЛЕРІЯ ШЕВЧУКА

The deceit of the plot and the dual specificity of the layers of texts define a collision in the novel “Three Leaves Outside by the Window” by V. Shevchuk. At the structural, problematic, thematic and artistic levels, the works represent a parody of a certain literary genre. With the help of the maximum ambivalence of the game text (under which we understand the guideline laid down in the work for repeated reading), the writer manipulates the reception of the reader, aimed at the simultaneous allocation of alternative possibilities of interpretation of both the whole text and its individual elements. The peculiarity determines the role of the narrator (most often the creator of the text) and the character who acts within the artistic world of the work: the characters as participants of the game field take part in the events, directed by the author within the framework of the roman space, while displaying features independent of the author. The surface and deep layers of textual significance, its constant variability, the idea of plurality and inexhaustibility, the combination of phenomenological, structuralist, post-structuralist and deconstructivist ideas merged in the work of V. Shevchuk into organic unity, giving grounds to speak about the visibility of his thinking, and, in particular, about the vision of the game as a phenomenon, which permeates all levels of text and literary communication.

A gestão democrática nos sistemas de ensino e nas escolas: desafios e perspectivas

This text seeks to develop a reflection on the democratic management of education, as a constitutional principle, for the realization of the right to education in the Federal Constitution - 1988. To this end, it conducts a discussion of the meanings of democracy in Brazilian education in different historical contexts. It also seeks to demonstrate that the discussion of democracy in education today can not depart from the constitutional principles of "freedom to learn, teach, research and disseminate thought, art and knowledge" and "pluralism of ideas " pedagogical conceptions and coexistence of public educational institutions " in view of the emergence of conservative movements that restrict these principles, like the "Escola Sem Partido". &nbsp

Pluralism, Kant and Progress

Abstract Vittorio Hösle’s reply helpfully clarifies his ethical position but raises three questions from a value-pluralist point of view. First, is the Kantian starting point he proposes a monist position that undercuts the value pluralism to which he says he is committed? Second, in what sense does he accept the central pluralist idea of the incommensurability of values? In particular, what kind of constraint does he believe this places on the rank ordering of values? The formulations he offers are ambiguous between allowing contextual ordering, which is widely endorsed by pluralists, and permitting a comprehensive order that applies in all cases, which most pluralists would reject. Third, Hösle’s commitment to the cause of progress is admirable, but how can this be squared with pluralism? Here, I return to the broad approaches to the problem of pluralist ranking that I identified in my original reply to Hösle.