Idea Of Architecture Research Articles

Before a New Architecture: Frederick Etchells and the Emergence of Architectural Modernity in Britain, from W.R. Lethaby to Le Corbusier

This article addresses the ways in which the writings of Le Corbusier interacted with modernist architectural thought in Britain. It focusses on Frederick Etchells, who translated Vers une architecture in 1927, and analyses key influences upon his intellectual development and approach to design, namely Roger Fry, Wyndham Lewis, W.R. Lethaby, Christopher Hussey, and John Rodker. It suggests that dedicated study of Etchells as a connective figure in this network aids our understanding of modernism's fraught integration into British culture; that architectural ideas are central to vorticism's engagement with the artist's relationship to society; and that Fry and Lewis deserve recognition for establishing a mature conception of architectural modernity in Britain, alongside Le Corbusier.

A holistic contribution to fast innovation in electric vehicles: An overview of the DEMOBASE research project

This paper is a contribution to fasten integration of battery pack innovation in commercial Electric Vehicles (EV) through massive digitalization: a seamless process detailed for battery design, battery safety, and battery management. Selected results of studies carried out on the EV value chain from design to recycling steps are presented, highlighting the importance of seamless integration and holistic state of mind when designing EV. Association between experimental and numerical approaches for efficient innovative EV production is crucial to achieve easy commercialisation. Successful forecasting of aging and thermal runaway evolution from single cell failure at module level using such methods illustrates their great potential. Hardware key counterparts under development are also introduced and give an idea of future architecture of EV battery packs and overall improvement of EV energy efficiency. Finally, a flexible and easily modifiable solution for battery electric vehicle (BEV) that allows rapid and cost-effective integration of future innovation is presented. This paper globally illustrates key breakthroughs gained in the context of the collaborative research project named ‘DEMOBASE’, for DEsign and MOdelling for improved BAttery Safety and Efficiency successfully submitted for funding by the European Commission in response to a 2017 call dedicated to ‘Green Vehicles’ under the EU Horizon 2020 work programme “ Smart, green and integrated transport”. • Simulation strategy for BEV development. • Innovating EV manufacturing process. • End-of-life battery recycling integration. • Seamless BMS SW. • DEMOBASE concept-driven demo vehicle manufactured.

Hypermnesia and Amnesia: Remembering (with) the Body and Post-Conflict Memorials and Architectures

The article consists of two parts. The first part (§§ 1–2) investigates the indiscriminate and absolute remembering and forgetting of everything, hypermnesia and amnesia as the extreme terms that research has used and uses for the different phenomena of memory, both in individuals and in social and political forms. In the face of these shifts it is thus indispensable to re-establish a critique of the paradoxical effects of memory aids and, at the same time, to seek new forms of remembrance that by mixing an experiential dimension and public sphere refocus the attention on the connection between latency, tension and experiential triggers of involuntary memory and on the ability to break through the fictions of collective memory. On this basis, the second part of the article (§§ 3–4) analyses how the experience of political and racial deportation during World War II drastically changed the idea of memorial architecture. More specifically, the analysis deals with a kind of memorial device that must represent and memorialise persons whose bodies have been deliberately cancelled. The aim is to present and analyse the artistic and architectonic efforts to refer to those forgotten bodies, on the one hand, and on the other hand to point out how for these new kind of memorials the body of the visitor is asked to participate, both physically and emotionally, in this somehow paradoxical search for lost bodies, offering oneself as a substitute.

Could Bio-Inspired Nacre-Like Ceramics be Suitable to Fabricate Musical Instruments?

In the past, natural ceramic biomaterials like bones and seashells were used to make music. Today, ceramics are largely absent from the musical scene. Yet, recent development of bio-inspired ceramics could be used to create musical instruments that emulate sound from ancient times, that do not make use of endangered animal species or that enable exploration of new types of music. In this paper, the question of whether bio-inspired ceramics would be suitable for usage in musical instrument is posed. The study focusses on nacre-like alumina ceramics of various compositions and their suitability to be used, fabricated, and to produce sound are discussed based on materials’ properties. It is found that flat pieces could be produced with high throughput for making idiophones or parts of musical instruments to increase the sound radiance, for example, and that complex shapes could be produced by a craftsperson to reproduce other musical instruments’ designs or create new ones using 3D printing technologies. The potential application of such ceramics for music could also open ideas in architecture where tiles are used, for example. Future work to enable these applications should be on more thorough characterisation of dynamic properties according to standards, scaled-up and reliable fabrication processes, and evaluation of the sound produced.

Analyzing GCN Aggregation on GPU

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) are emerging neural networks for graph structures that include large features associated with each vertex. The operations of GCN can be divided into two phases - aggregation and combination. While the combination just performs matrix multiplications using trained weights and aggregated features, the aggregation phase requires graph traversal to collect features from adjacent vertices. Even though neural network applications rely on GPU’s massively parallel processing, GCN aggregation kernels exhibit rather low performance since graph processing using compressed graph structures provokes frequent irregular accesses in GPUs. In order to investigate the performance hurdles of GCN aggregation on GPU, we perform an in-depth analysis of the aggregation kernels using real GPU hardware and a cycle-accurate GPU simulator. We first analyze the characteristics of the popular graph datasets used for GCN studies. We reveal the fractions of non-zero elements in feature vectors are diverse among datasets. Based on the observation, we build two types of aggregation kernels that handle uncompressed and compressed feature vectors. Our evaluation exhibits the performance of aggregation can be significantly influenced by kernel design approaches and feature density. We also analyze the individual loads that access the data arrays of the aggregation kernels to specify critical loads. Our analysis reveals the performance of GPU memory hierarchy is influenced by access patterns and feature size of graph datasets. Based on our observations we discuss possible kernel design approaches and architectural ideas that can improve the performance of GCN aggregation.

Study Of The Mass Construction Of Al Irsyad Mosque In The Kota Baru Parahyangan

Al Irsyad Mosque is situated in Bandung, Indonesia, in Kota Baru Parahyangan, Padalarang. The construction of this mosque started on September 7, 2009, and was completed a year later. This mosque is modeled after the Kaaba in Makkah's Grand Mosque. This mosque was named one of the five finest buildings in the world in 2010 by the National Frame Building Association in the area of "religious architecture." This mosque is a work of modern architecture that succeeds in breaking the mold of most mosque shapes. Contemporary architecture is defined as a new, contemporary, distinctive, and original piece of architecture, regardless of its visual design, style, or theme. This course discusses descriptive qualitative research. This research is about modern architecture, as defined by many characteristics. The building's expression is subjective, contrasts with its surroundings, emphasizes a distinctive form, is out of the ordinary, and is appealing. The study's findings are anticipated to explain the use of modern architectural ideas at the Al Irsyad Mosque.

Development of a fuzzy-state feedback regulator for stabilizing a flexible inverted pendulum system

Accurate modeling and efficient control of inverted pendulums have always been a challenge for researchers. So, the current research aims to achieve the following objectives: (I) proposing a comprehensive dynamic model for the inverted pendulums which accounts for the flexibility of the pendulum bar and (II) suggesting an appropriate supervisory fuzzy-pole placement control strategy for stabilizing the pendulum system. Using a Lagrangian formulation, the equations of motion are derived and linearized. Then, a state feedback controller with a reduced-order observer is designed to stabilize the system. Closed-loop simulations reveal that at least six modes shall be considered in the dynamic equations. To improve the quality of the transient response, a novel fuzzy system is developed for real-time assignment of the controller poles. Simulation results demonstrate that the control quality is significantly improved by adding a supervisory fuzzy system to the control loop. The developed approach for dynamic modeling of the system, and the idea of multi-level fuzzy-pole placement control architecture developed in this paper, may be successfully applied to improve the response specifications in other dynamic systems.

Exploring sketches as conceptual data: a semiological experiment on moods visualisation among architectural students

PurposeSketching is a creative skill that most architects develop over their long period of study and is considered an effective medium for communicating imaginative thinking and conceptual ideas in architecture. As a concept, mood is generally associated with imagining specific ambiance and spatial experience during the schematic phase of the architectural design process. While most architectural research on mood revolves around post-occupancy evaluation, colour effect and lighting comfort, few studies have been conducted to systematically investigate conceptual issues related to mood imagination. Besides, there has been little attempt to appreciate sketches as a reliable conceptual data source for architectural research.Design/methodology/approachTo bridge this knowledge gap, this paper explores a semiological analysis of mood visualisation using architectural sketches. By framing the experiment within the architecture education context, the paper begins by discussing the relationship between sketching, mood and semiology in architecture. The discussion continues by highlighting methodological issues in the design of our experiment. The experiment comprised architecture students from undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Following the visual and textual data derived from the experiment, two semiological analyses, namely, mood sign analysis and mood signifier analysis, were conducted to understand their imaginative thinking.FindingsThe results revealed significant preferential differences between the students on the use of specific semiotic representation and design language to conceptualise their mood idea.Originality/valueAs a preliminary experiment, this study constitutes an early attempt to further explore potential research related to architectural sketches and the creative imagination that may be beneficial to designers, art psychologists, educators and researchers alike.

Japan and the West: An Architectural Dialogue

Japan and the West: An Architectural Dialogue

Pembentukan Wujud Arsitektural dalam Aktivitas Sehari-hari

Title: Architectural Forming in Daily Activities (Case Study: Maya Lin and Eko Prawoto Approach) Form is the based architecture. The idea of architecture can come true in the form. Architecture can become a container of human activities because form and space. This paper focusses on architectural form. The main question in this paper is how the architect creating their form’s based on their daily activities? This paper used qualitative phenomenology method to phenomenology hermeneutics approach. This method place the daily activities of responding. The cases are Maya Lin’s Vietnam Veteran Memorial and House of Eko Prawoto’s. Their cases were interpreted with Mangunwijaya thinking with written at Ragawidya. This paper shows that architectural form is a manifestation of the contemplation proses and from daily activities. The forming of architectural form is also a process of expression of the deposition of experiencing in the past time which carried out continuously. The result of forming is not an astonishing form, but familiar with everyday life.

Visual spaces of change. Entre lo real y lo imaginado. El papel de la fotografía y de la manipulación de la imagen en el debate crítico sobre arquitectura y el espacio publico

This paper explores the relationships between virtual dimensions of photography and concrete physical realities in contemporary discourses on Architecture, City and Territory. Based on the work of Filip Dujardin, Isabel Brison, Philipp Schaerer, Beate Gütschow, Dionisio Gonzalez, Emilio Pemjean and Thomas Ruff, we analyse different approaches to the digital manipulation of images for the creation of utopian and dystopian visions of urban landscapes. By analysing specific examples of the use of photography as an instrument to explore architectural ideas and forms, the construction of imaginary spaces and constructions is examined as constitutive parts of visual research methods developed by these authors, which may be applied for embedding critical debates on the urban environment in the public sphere. A number of relations between the artistic strategies developed by these authors are examined, focusing on the various methods used for the construction of visual narratives in tandem with the creation of fictional structures and imaginary spaces. The theoretical relevance and potential of the photographic works is highlighted pinpointing key aspects and features that make these authors important references for an understanding of photography as a documentary and fictional critical instrument for understanding, exploring and communicating contemporary urban changes with a special focus on architecture and the public space.

The application of topological geometry to the architectural concept design process in the flow of digitalization

PurposeThe paper aims to research the applications of topological geometry to the architectural concept design process and their combination with the modern digital technology to find novel architectural spaces and forms which are dynamic, easily adaptable to the context and surroundings.Design/methodology/approachThe article uses the method of studying the existing literature on topological geometry and architectural design theory including design thinking, architectural design methods and architectural compositions to analyze and compare them with architectural practices and suggest new topological design tools and methods. Moreover, the paper tests the proposals with a number of preliminary design research experiments. In addition, graphic design software, parametric design, building information modeling (BIM) and digital development trends in architecture were explored and experienced to reveal the application potential of topological design thinking and methods in the trend of architectural digitization.FindingsThe paper has analyzed, synthesized and systematized the basic theories of topological geometry in order to clarify their applications in the architectural concept design process. On that basis, the paper proposes a novel topological design thinking and method for finding rich diversified architectural ideas and forms based on original invariant design constraints. Finally, the paper clarifies the combination as well as the mutual, motivating relationship between topological geometry and modern digital technologies when applied to architectural design.Originality/valueThe research contributes a novel design thinking and method based on topological geometry combined with modern digital technology to the architectural design theory. It will be a valuable tool capable of suggesting architects how to think and innovate in architecture in the era of industrial revolution 4.0.

Multiple Authorship: The Collaborative Production of Knowledge in the Shinkenchiku Residential Design Competition (1965–2020)

This paper challenges the notion of the heroic genius as driver of invention and development in architectural culture. It considers the production of architectural ideas prior to design as an integral part of the production of architectural projects and takes the Shinkenchiku Residential Design Competition (1965–2020), a yearly housing ideas competition from Japan, as a tangible case study for exploring notions of multiple authorship. The paper focuses on the editions of the competition judged by Toyo Ito, Rem Koolhaas, and Kazuyo Sejima–who respectively set the provocative themes of “Comfort in the Metropolis” (1988), “House with No Style” (1992), and “The Possibilities of Non- Movement” (1996)–to illustrate how this ideas competition functions as a fruitful dialogue between judge and contestants that produces architectural knowledge collaboratively. At the same time, by de-mystifying the genius of the single “star architect” judge, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing quest to write a more inclusive global history of architecture that reveals voices hitherto silenced.

The Role of Outdoor Sculpture in Achieving the Aesthetic Values of the Architectural Space in Sustainable Cities

The city is an architectural structure and its visual impression is accomplished through visual pictures that are subjected in its arrangements to values originating from the feel of urbanism alongside with utilitarian, social, and social values that are all founded on arranging thought and urban thinking. And when one or more of these values is missing, the city's visual scene gets befuddled and shaken. Paying consideration to the city's highlights, shape, character and excellence isn't an extravagance in urban life, but instead a natural civilizational express that goes with the degrees of edified advancement of social orders, And the open territories are one of the fundamental parts of urban communities, where they are considered as a principle lung for picnics and recreation, and an indication of arriving at a superior level of life and performance. Sculpture is one of the most important arts which had the ability to express human nations cultures ,and throughout the ages sculpture art was associated with architecture and its function, as it is one of the oldest arts that accompanied , as the architectural idea began originally from sculpture, so the relationship between sculpture and architecture arts is complementary, not sculpture complements the architecture but each was the basis for the other. Sustainable architecture is considered one of the recent trends of architectural thought who is interested in the relationship between the building and its environment. Environmental architecture is a process to ensure that the building be designed in a style that respects the environment, taking into account the reduction of energy consumption, materials and resources and maximizing harmony with nature .And for art sculpture and spread in sustainable architecture of great importance for the functional and aesthetic role elevates and what happens from an activity, it is not only a cosmetic, but a real mirror for the society culture and an indication of the extent and progress of civilization., In the presence of the problems of population increasing and the narrowing of the spaces of housing units, the external spaces become the only outlet for the society, but these spaces lack the elements of attraction that would meet the needs of society .The research problem was represented in ignoring the importance of Holographic sculpture in ornamentation external urban spaces to suit the human requirements, which affected the aesthetic image and functional values of these spaces .This study comes as a result of the urgent need to make the external spaces in sustainable architecture meet the human requirements using sculpture art and the study aims to clarifying the relationship between sculpture, architecture and aesthetic sustainability by using sculptures to embellish the external architectural spaces and producing of sculptures used to assortment external spaces to achieve visual quality in sustainable architecture.and the research is based on the experimental method , and the most important results were : Emphasizing the cultural role of sculptural works through direct interaction between the audience and the sculpture , sculpture which based on the interwoven linear relationships that were difficult to implement with another material. The current aesthetic status of most cities lacks aesthetic formation and aesthetic identity, which makes Holographic sculpture a role in confirming the integration of aesthetic identity with its functional identity. Sustainable cities as an architectural design that repels sculpting, hence the role of the sculptor in setting up formative solutions that allow field sculpting to perform its multiple functions in their architectural voids in a manner that is compatible with their architectural design .The clarity of the functional role of sustainable architectural buildings and the lack of clarity of the aesthetic role. Hence, the sculpture should have an important role in highlighting the aesthetic role of sustainable architecture to add an aesthetic value that may affect the architectural form .

Preliminary assessment of the building design of a new test house in Nuuk, Greenland

DTU has established a single-family three-level test house in Nuuk, Greenland. The main idea of the house was to have a relatively small heated area but a split building envelope, where a ventilated space behind the rain screen in some areas could be used as a sunroom. This paper describes the process of transforming the architectural ideas to a test building. Main issues have been how to design the rain screen and how to ventilate the space behind the rain screen.

A Look at the Architectural Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties from the Brick-Vaulted Bathroom Outside Nanjing’s Zhonghua Gate – A Secondary Publication

There is a brick-vault roofed bathroom building, commonly known as the Cistern Hall (Wengtang), opposite the Grand Baoen Temple Heritage and Scenic Area near the Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing. This article analyzes its shape and characteristics by means of a 3D scan that surveys and maps out 2019 data on the site. On this basis, this article suggests that the bathroom may have been built as an annex to the Grand Baoen Temple in the early Ming dynasty. This kind of bathroom design originated in West Asia, entered China during the Yuan dynasty (1271‒1368) and became popular in the Jiangnan region during the Ming (1368‒1644) and Qing (1644‒1911) dynasties. In a lively exchange of architectural ideas, it bore witness to rich, in-depth architectural cultural exchanges between China, Central Asia, and West Asia in the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

Transept zachodni w romańskiej katedrze św. św. Wita, Wacława i Wojciecha na Praskim Grodzie

The Romanesque Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert in Prague was erected as a double-chancel basilica with western transept. Occidental transverse nave and two choirs is intrinsic and distinctive feature of this basilica that indicates architectural ideas from which the Cathedral had originated. Alas, the basilica has, hitherto, been rather interpreted in isolation and without considering the broader European architecture context and by detaching the western transept from its topographic context. This has discouraged scholars from rigorous analysis of the origins of the form, which resulted in the creation of arbitrary and stereotypical narrative instead. This paper presents new interpretation of the Cathedral which tracks the links between the basilica and double-choir churches with western transept in Central Europe. In addition, this research builds on spatial analysis which identifies the relationships between the Cathedral and the landform of Prague Castle.

Standardisation and architectural ideas for school buildings in Soviet Lithuania

ABSTRACT The architecture of secondary school buildings implemented according to typified and customised design projects in Soviet Lithuania has been analysed as a manifestation of certain timeframe conditions and possibilities. The research has revealed architects’ creativity, represented values, and ideas under the conditions of a strictly regulated and standardised state construction industry. The influences of changing educational paradigms, building construction regulations, and the political and cultural context on the architectural results of a certain typological group have been taken into account. The research results are relevant for a more detailed understanding of the development peculiarities of the Soviet era, as well as the rearrangement of schooling spaces by adapting them to contemporary needs. The research is focused on the period starting from 1955, when a shift was made to industrialised and standardised architecture, up to 1990 when Lithuania regained its independence.

‘Andare verso il popolo (Moving Towards the People)’: Classicism and Rural Architecture at the 1936 VI Italian Triennale

At the sixth Milan Triennale in 1936, entitled ‘Continuity-Modernity’, Giuseppe Pagano and Edoardo Persico displayed two divergent but complementary ideological and aesthetic positions: leaning toward classicism and showcasing rural examples, respectively. This article focuses on how these two approaches share similarities with the idea of populism, a concept often associated with dictatorial regimes. Populism implies a defined and strict notion of people and of national identity. This article explores the relevance of the expression ‘andare verso il popolo’, here translated as ‘moving towards the people’, a term used by Pagano in an article in Casabella of 1935 to define what a national architecture could be. It also explores how architecture can be popular without being populist. The central argument is that the phrase ‘moving towards the people’ became a politicised expression embodying two contrasting conceptions of a populism in which architectural ideas playing a defining role. The context is the architectural discourse during the controversial period of the Fascist regime and the rationalist debate in Italy between 1928 and 1936. The two main venues of the architectural debate were Casabella, which the same Pagano and Persico had been editing since 1931, and Quadrante, founded by the intellectual and literary figures Pietro Maria Bardi and Massimo Bontempelli in 1933. The two different aesthetic positions of Persico and Pagano within the 1936 Triennale would later be associated with two contrasting lines of populism: one more conservative and associated with the Fascist regime, and the other more reactionary that influenced the resistenza of the left.

Review: The Architectural Model: Histories of the Miniature and the Prototype, the Exemplar and the Muse

Review: <i>The Architectural Model: Histories of the Miniature and the Prototype, the Exemplar and the Muse</i>