Idea Of Architecture Research Articles

Rufus Nims: Mid-century Modern and Florida Tropical Architecture

Mid-century modern architecture developed after the Second World War as numerous technological advancements allowed for open house plans with the increased use of glass and a reconfiguration of indoor-outdoor relationships. Rufus Nims, a Miami architect (1913–2005), hybridized emerging ideas of mid-century modernism with climatic design that emerged in field of tropical architecture after the Second World War. Nims experimented with homes that had disappearing walls; and that could be comfortable in the hot and humid climate of Florida. This paper will analyze Rufus Nims’ role in the development of Florida Tropical Architecture, through his seamless integration of indoor and outdoor spaces. Further, this study will assess how Rufus Nims used tropical architecture strategies in South Florida, such as screened-in porches, disappearing walls, and landscape integration. The paper argues that Rufus Nims’ architectural ideas were based on emerging redefinition of the indoor-outdoor spatial relationships as was evident in the broader mid-century modern movement and Florida Tropical Architecture.

IN QUEST OF COMFORT: CARLO LODOLI, THEORIST OF ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE AND FURNITURE DESIGNER

Lodoli's subversive doctrine of truth-to-material was the most original and influential aspect of his approach to architecture. His concept of organic architecture, the main focus of this paper, has been less studied and is accordingly less well understood, although it was an important facet of his design theory. Lodoli applied his novel approach most obviously to the design of furnishings, particularly of chairs, but also extended it to architecture in a project for the refurbishment of the pilgrims’ hostel at San Francesco della Vigna, in Venice, the only instance in which he put his architectural ideas into practice. In Lodoli's thinking, great importance was given to the notion of comfort, and in this respect he shared new concerns common among French architects and furniture makers of the Enlightenment. Indeed, his ideas about architecture and design owe much to the influence of the Enlightenment, with its emphasis on reason, truth and universal criticism.

Ethics of architectural education in academic institutions

The research deals with the concept of moral education as one of the most influential concepts in the process of teaching the foundations of architectural design. It defines it as "an integrated educational program organized according to the highest moral values ​​within an academic institution concerned with architecture. Its program consists of three main elements: Educational and assessment tools and assessment, and requires reliability and quality Crickshten for the maintenance of architecture as a profession to the level of comprehensive or partial reform, which requires professors to perpetuate the modernization of methods of moral architectural education as well as the development, resulting in innovative architectural texts Individual and society", thus research problem is in the (development of a comprehensive theoretical perception about the ethics of education architecture). Therefore, the research aims at clarifying the strategy of the moral education of architecture as well as its foundations and the methods of evaluating its quality. Accordingly, the research assumes that the indicators of the ethics of architectural education have a positive effect in the formulation of creative architectural productions. In order to address the research issue and achieve the objectives of the research and validation of the hypothesis was first built knowledge framework, and then a comprehensive theoretical framework of the ethics of architectural education derived from the architectural ideas and support to be embodied in final form in three main indicators, namely: the strategy of moral education for architecture, and the foundations of moral education of architecture, And then an exploratory study evaluating the quality of education and its ethics in the Department of Architecture / University of Technology. Finally, a set of conclusions were reached which show the control of the practice of architectural education according to all its indicators Creative abstraction.

Anticipation of Contemporary Sacred Buildings - New Directions in Designing Semantic Architecture

Architecture, particularly sacral architecture, has always been an answer to the transcendent needs of humans of a given era. For today’s humans, order is only an element of the matter. The religious scholar Charles Taylor, when describing the contemporary world, used a reverse version of this concept - a >disenchanted world<. Contemporary religiousness is a radical departure of humans from the cosmos. A man, also in the religious sphere, emphasises the individual and private nature of experiencing the sacred, which is unquestionably important for contemporary creators of sacral spaces. The analysis of sacral constructions in Europe within the last 20 years clearly shows that spaces which particularly stand out are those used for individual prayer, rather than liturgy of the community of believers. This is probably caused by the needs of the contemporary human, who has a new, more individualised way to pursue happiness, as well as by loosening of certain bonds and common ways of living. At the same time, facilities intended for group ceremonies are also created. Lukas Feiresiss, in the book entitled: “Closer to God”, divides the latest sacred projects around the world into three groups: “Silent Prayer”, “Living Worship”, “Amazing Grace”. However, scientific publications mostly present small projects for individual prayer and mostly for contemplation. This individualisation is reflected in the quiet places – small chapels. It is difficult to say that it is a common tendency; surely works of contemporary sacral architecture are created that are designed for the community of believers. However, the formation of many places of quiet or focus within the last dozen or so years is a new phenomenon. An aspect of this phenomenon is also interesting from the point of view of symbols used in such places. In the age of continuous information flow, quiet and individual prayer constitute opportunities to enter the space of the sacred. Contemporary small forms of quiet reflection indicate various trends; the semantic aspect of these forms is the key to architectural criticism. Due to the a priori nature of phenomena related to symbols, this layer remains unchanged. When describing symbols of places of quiet reflection, the symbols used should be described: gateways, nave and aisles, stair vaults, circles, arches of the heavens, and apses. All these elements form unique sequences of form, at the same time referring to cosmological symbolism. Contemporary sacred architecture is characterised by many extreme stylistic directions. In spite of the above, architects in their creative work reach for the original patterns – semantic archetypes, and all the aforementioned projects are saturated with symbols of the cosmological order. The anticipation of sacral architecture is the myth about creation of the world and the primeval beginning. For architects, it is important that “the archetype can be repeated (imitated) in a primitive manner”, but also that a man seeks, even at the lowest level of his religious experience, to come close to the archetype and to realise it in some manner. The contemporary man, in spite of advanced technology and mastery of the matter, in many aspects still desires symbols, as he remains Homo symbolicus. In the sacral architecture, it seems to be impossible to escape the Platonian triad: the good, the truth and the beauty. Return to the original patterns and ideas in the sacral architecture indicates the stability and the a priori nature of semantic forms. Natural matter, cosmological symbols not only indicate the constancy of sacral meanings, but also constitute a guideline for future creators.

COFFE 2

FPGAs are becoming more heteregeneous to better adapt to different markets, motivating rapid exploration of different blocks/tiles for FPGAs. To evaluate a new FPGA architectural idea, one should be able to accurately obtain the area, delay, and energy consumption of the block of interest. However, current FPGA circuit design tools can only model simple, homogeneous FPGA architectures with basic logic blocks and also lack DSP and other heterogeneous block support. Modern FPGAs are instead composed of many different tiles, some of which are designed in a full custom style and some of which mix standard cell and full custom styles. To fill this modelling gap, we introduce COFFE 2, an open-source FPGA design toolset for automatic FPGA circuit design. COFFE 2 uses a mix of full custom and standard cell flows and supports not only complex logic blocks with fracturable lookup tables and hard arithmetic but also arbitrary heterogeneous blocks. To validate COFFE 2 and demonstrate its features, we design and evaluate a multi-mode Stratix III-like DSP block and several logic tiles with fracturable LUTs and hard arithmetic. We also demonstrate how COFFE 2’s interface to VTR allows full evaluation of block-routing interfaces and various fracturable 6-LUT architectures.

A arquitetura moderna e o Condephaat no desafio das práticas seletivas

O presente artigo discute a proteção à arquitetura moderna pelo Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico do Estado de São Paulo (Condephaat) em perspectiva histórica, procurando problematizar a compreensão de modernidade e as atribuições de valor à arquitetura do século XX. Trataremos neste artigo das ações que o órgão estadual paulista fará aos bens imóveis modernos discutindo sua relação com o legado discursivo da historiografia da arquitetura. Entendendo que a arquitetura moderna é parte integrante dos cânones do patrimônio nacional, pergunta-se em que medida o moderno no órgão estadual paulista foi capaz de romper com a lógica do foco na arquitetura olhada a partir da crítica e de seus atributos estéticos ou estilísticos. Debateremos o papel da tradição do grupo de arquitetos modernos nas práticas na valoração das obras modernas paulistas, compreendendo de que maneira as progressivas mudanças no patrimônio nos anos 1970, e claramente 1980, trarão para a preservação da arquitetura moderna na ação do órgão estadual paulista, chegando até os tombamentos mais recentes nos anos 2000.

Open Houses: Poverty, the Novel, and the Architectural Idea in Nineteenth-Century Britain by Barbara Leckie

Reviewed by: Open Houses: Poverty, the Novel, and the Architectural Idea in Nineteenth-Century Britain by Barbara Leckie Carolyn Betensky LECKIE, BARBARA. Open Houses: Poverty, the Novel, and the Architectural Idea in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. 312 pp. $79.95 hardcover. Barbara Leckie’s Open Houses is an original study that will make scholars reconsider the social and political investments of the nineteenth-century novel, as well as the evolution, in the period, of the novel form itself. This provocative and lucid book locates an unexpected dialogue between novels that have not been read, for the most part, for their concern for housing, and the profusion of mid-nineteenth-century nonfiction texts describing and re-envisioning the homes of the poor. By demonstrating the responses of novelists such as Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and Henry James to a crisis of humanity and representation, Leckie shows us a self-reflexive, protomodernist side of the Victorian novel. Representations of poverty have long drawn the attention of literary critics and historians, but seldom have scholars focused on the ways Victorian writers across genres made peering inside the homes of the poor into a compulsory feature of their texts. Understanding interior scenes of abjection as metaphorical settings more than as sites of interest in their own right, critics have overlooked novelists’ engagement with architectural and housing policies that were being promulgated in the public sphere. The proliferation of nonfiction writing on the built environments of the poor has not been appreciated as a phenomenon with its own distinct, obligatory tropes; scholars have understood this writing, rather, as being concerned more generally with poverty or sanitary reform. Consequently, they have not appreciated the profound effects the discourse of housing reform had on the institution of the novel. So many mid-century reformists issued invitations to their middle-class readers to view in situ the inhabitants of urban slums and rural cottages, and the language of these invitations was both so urgent and so predictable that Leckie wonders: why were middle-class readers being summoned so insistently and repeatedly, at this historical juncture, to look into the homes of the poor? The impulse to expose the interiors of these homes related, in part, to the fear that the dwellings of the poor were incubating different forms of immorality. As Edwin Chadwick and other reformers argued, squalid living quarters bred not only unsanitary conditions but also—more significantly—vice and the vitiation of national character; better housing design would lead directly into better, more wholesome, more tractable workers. At the same time, however, the constant invitation to readers to look into the homes of the poor also implied anxiety among the most fervent reformists over the potential power, or powerlessness, of the exposé itself to function as a mechanism of social change. Leckie shows how doubts about what the exposé could accomplish began to crystallize in the reports and plans of reformists even before novelists came [End Page 322] to consider ways to cajole readers into focusing on persistent problems that seemed to make demands on these same readers. Leckie’s attention to the ways Victorians understood the limits of the exposé leads into a provocative set of claims relating to the mutual influence of what she calls “the architectural idea” and the novel. With breathtaking boldness, she attributes to novelists’ concern for housing their inclination to (1) rethink the genre of the novel in terms of form; (2) offer a subtle and compelling case for the novel as a work of architecture; and (3) offer a persuasive argument for the novel’s intervention in social debates (19). Leckie is arguing here for nothing less than a revised understanding of the nineteenth-century British novel in its formal evolution and social function. Working with contemporary architectural theories of interpenetration and mediation as well as recent literary approaches to form, she resituates the architectural idea at the center of Victorian aesthetic and social dialogues. Open Houses devotes its first two chapters to close analysis of several mid-nineteenth-century nonfiction genres: reports, articles, architectural plans, and other policy interventions. Leckie shows how authors ranging from Chadwick to Bessie Rayner Parks, as well as...

Aleksandar Deroko - između tradicije i modernosti

Although numerous writings by professor Aleksandar Deroko raise essential questions about nature, history, and methodology of architecture, he never provided a systematic theory, and his assertions did not belong to any mainstream architectural discourse. However, his romantic visions of remote, medieval monasteries and their origin on one hand, and on the other, the rational and methodical approach to heritage surveying evident in both his early texts and later architectural textbooks, resulted in some very novel theoretical ideas in architecture of the twentieth century. This paper examines the understanding of the tradition and modernity in the work of professor Deroko, investigates reasons behind his duality, explores the way he synthesised his research work with his pedagogical work, and tries to systematise his theoretical ideas.

Studija biološkog koncepta u arhitektonskoj misli - poređenje 'Der Raum als Membran' (1926) i 'Metabolizma' (1960)

This study analyzes the biological influence on the architecture in the 20th century by focusing on two particular biological architectural thought; "Der Raum als Membran (Space as Membrane)" by Siegfried Ebeling in 1926 and "Metabolism" by a group of Japanese architects in 1960. First, I discuss "Der Raum als Membran". Ebeling saw architecture or space as a biological membrane, like skin or a cell, and he proposed a theory of biological architecture. He not only introduced into planning an environment this biological metaphor with its flexibility of a membrane but also incorporated a biological concept like Umwelt. Second, I investigate a manifesto by the name of "Metabolism", which was produced in 1960 by a group of Japanese architects. They thought buildings and urban designs had an existence and underwent metabolism, which is a basic function of living things, and proposed variable and proliferate architectures having dynamic time spans. By comparing these biological architectural concepts, I point out three main similarities: 1) the expansion of the biological concept into architecture; 2) the cell as a metaphor; and 3) dynamic buildings or urban design. Although the authors had different backgrounds, all of them introduced new architectural ideas in their own times.

Digital Line: Architecture’s Expanding Thread

This article studies the changing role of line in architecture. The paper argues that digital production has led to a subsequent shift of lines as trace, towards lines as “spatialized” thread. This thread is moving away from orthographic and perspective modes of representation through three embedded modes of conception: the digital model, diagram and notation. These new lines have a long and alternative lineage in architectural ideation. The paper explains each mode in turn, indicating the importance of the model as a line in space embedded since the very inception of western architectural discourse; the edifying role of the diagram as a line of operation clarifying architectural ideas; and the new material ground that links notation to fabrication, and continued actualization in the pursuit of new architectural ideas. By expanding the line in architecture, the digital line better connects emerging representational modes to established architectural thinking and opens new ground to further representational discourse.

Software Defined Mission-Critical Wireless Sensor Network: Architecture and Edge Offloading Strategy

Mission-critical wireless sensor networks are attractive for information gathering in various complex environments and support many mission-critical applications, such as industrial automation and security surveillance. However, in order to fully exploit these networks for such applications, agile and scalable network management for data transfer and computing task implementation are essential. Thus, in this paper, we propose a software-defined mission-critical wireless sensor network (MC-SDWSN) which can solve the existing challenging issues in tradition WSNs, such as resource utilization, data processing, system compatibility, and strict latency requirement. The architecture is based on the idea of SDN architecture, combining the hierarchical cloud and edge computing technologies. Based on the MC-SDWSN architecture, a novel centralized computation offload strategy in sensor network application is proposed to show the feasibility. The simulation results in confirm the MC-SDWSN architecture, and the edge offloading strategy could support the critical missions effectively.

Concrete in housing. The impact of technology on innovative architectural ideas

Concrete in housing. The impact of technology on innovative architectural ideas

ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS OF HABITAT (ASH) - HOC EST VIVERE BIS, VITA POSSE PRIORE FRUI

The article considers the authors concept of the architectural process based on the articulation of the conflict between the pragmatic attitudes of the system and the humanitarian values of architecture. Using the example of creative experiments of modernism masters and our own projects, we demonstrate the complex nature of the relationship between the aspirations of architects to express high meanings of culture and the concern of clients with the problem of survival and comfort. The authors feel justified consensus with the client when the architect still manages to maintain the draft the spirit to overcome the routine norms of the system and transform into a new form the ethos of dwelling in it. We are talking about the experience of creating such projects, which are based on the idea of changing insights, the shape of the house and, accordingly, the meaning of living in it. The author emphasizes the connection of this concept with the architectural experiments of two mutually integrated epochs: modernism and postmodernism, in the phenomenal history of which the task of architecture is reinterpreted, surpassing the current (and in General - profane) idea of architecture as the embodiment of the generally accepted. The design ideas of Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Theo van Dusburg, Gerrit Rietveld, Carlo Mollino, and other conceptual architects always show an attitude of opposition to self-evident standards, starting from the form and ending with the way of life. What we call alternative scenarios of habitation - ASH - can be considered as a unique reality that combines design developments and a special type of new gesamtkunstwerk that returns us to the idea of transforming reality by means of an artistic work, specifically, by means of an architectural form. In the proposed ASH concept, we rely on the theoretical research and design experiments of our joint workshop.

PRODUCING DESIGN OBJECTS FROM REGULAR POLYHEDRA: A PRACTICAL APPROACH

In the last few years, digital modelling techniques have played a major role in architecture and design, influencing, at the same time, the creative process and the fabrication of objects. This revolution has produced a new productive generation of architects and designers focused on the expanding possibilities of material and formal production, reinforcing the idea of architecture as an interaction between art and artisanship. This original perspective inspires this paper, which illustrates the contemporary scenario and provides some practical guidance about tools and technologies the designers most often use for creating geometric sculptures with 3D printing. Creative possibilities of topological mesh modelling are used to generate complex geometries from regular polyhedra. This process explores how combining different geometric operations can activate architectural inquiry and generate fascinating shapes with creative flexibility.

Lighting‐Led Architecture: A Collaborative Approach

The common practice of leaving lighting design until last may be diminishing architectural potential. Xin Zhang, who teaches and leads a research team at Tsinghua University, has been exploring ways of using lighting concepts to inform the formulation of architectural ideas since 2009. His experience through his work with various architects shows how involving lighting engineers from the initial phases of design can greatly enhance the atmospheric qualities of built projects.

Le testimonianze artistiche medievali della Rocchetta Mattei. Tra mito, riutilizzo e falsificazione

This essay originates in the research developed for the conference “Il Medioevo fra noi. Quinta edizione. Percorsi di frontiera.”, which took place in Urbino and Gradara (June 7th-9th, 2018). The study of the medieval sculptures preserved in the Rocchetta Mattei, in Riola di Vergato (Grizzan Morandi), is meant to analyzed count Cesare Mattei's artistic taste and patronage. Moreover, my reflection investigates two peculiar categories of artworks: the copies, created ad hoc and frequently modified following Mattei's will, and contemporary artworks realized by artists who worked at the Rocchetta. In doing so, this essay reveals some artworks' history, and their stylistic and technical aspects, as well as the strong relationship between these artifacts and Mattei's architectural ideas. As a result, some traditional historiographic hypothesis on this matter are confirmed, important novelties emerged.

Flows of Capitalism, Flows of Architecture

How can architecture, a discipline so tightly intertwined with money, resist neoliberalism? Is architecture inevitably consigned, with Tafuri or Aureli, to a stoic or eremitic resignation? Or, with Sorkin, to a series of disconnected tactics? This paper takes a hint from Fredric Jameson to suggest that Deleuze and Guattari’s positive transformation of Marx’s quintessentially capitalist notion of surplus value can allow us to rewrite the ontology (and epistemology) of architecture as a differential and multiple reticulation. Architecture conjugates all sorts of things (“flows”, in the terminology used here) to create a surplus value beyond (or before) the capitalist surplus value that is only one negative instance of a broader positive phenomenon. This non-essentialist and non-formalist idea of architecture allows us to respond to Spencer’s criticism of the neoliberal “architectural Deleuzism”, and shows how effective political action is entirely feasible within the broad discipline of architecture.

PLACING “ASIA” AGAINST THE “WEST”: OCCIDENTALISM AND THE PRODUCTION OF ARCHITECTURAL IMAGES IN SHANGHAI AND HONG KONG

The paper explores the idea of architecture and Occidentalism in the writings of building journals and illustrated magazines in the early twentieth century. More specifically, it examines how images of architecture, buildings and landscapes of the “West” and the “non-West” were used as key tropes to construct particular imaginaries and moral claims at a specific time and space: republican Shanghai and colonial Hong Kong from the mid-1920s to the late 1930s. Central to these developments was the emergence of new image-making practices that were made available by modern printing technologies, which led to a surge of production and circulation of images in the popular press. As a salient representation of modernity, progress and achievements of “civilizations,” images of architecture came to capture the attention of architects and builders, cultural producers and the fast-growing middle-class reading public in these metropolises. The exploration of these representational practices raises several questions: What kinds of assumptions about the “West” and the “non-West” were associated with these architectural images at this time? What kinds of new knowledge did the authors of these articles seek to produce through their experimentation with new visual and textual strategies? How did these representations relate to and differ from those in the more authoritative architectural historiographies? Finally, if these narrative productions about the West can be seen as processes of Occidentalism, what new historical insights do they offer?

Age Invariant Face Recognition using Convolutional Neural Network

&lt;span&gt;In the recent years, face recognition across aging has become very popular and challenging task in the area of face recognition. Many researchers have contributed in this area, but still there is a significant gap to fill in. Selection of feature extraction and classification algorithms plays an important role in this area. Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks provides us a combination of feature extraction and classification in a single structure. In this paper, we have presented a novel idea of 7-Layer CNN architecture for solving the problem of aging for recognizing facial images across aging. We have done extensive experimentations to test the performance of the proposed system using two standard datasets FGNET and MORPH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(Album II). Rank-1 recognition accuracy of our proposed system is 76.6% on FGNET and 92.5% on MORPH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(Album II). Experimental results show the significant improvement over available state-of- the-arts with the proposed CNN architecture and the classifier.&lt;/span&gt;

COSMOGENIC ARCHITECTURE: A STUDY OF YOKA SARA’S DESIGN APPROACH ON ANTONIO BLANCO’S HOTEL

The Antonio Blanco’s hotel design by Balinese base architect Yoka Sara been design to represent the extension of Antonio Blanco’s museum in Ubud Bali. Although this design only achieves in a preliminary stage, the design approach in which Yoka Sara offer to interpret the style of Balinese contemporary, reflect the idea of Cosmogenic Architecture by Charles Jencks. In his book “Architecture of The Jumping Universe” Jencks stated about how in the postmodern era, the architect should have the freedom to use architecture as a language. The nature of architecture has been identified with a definition of the universe through contemporary sciences. This paper tries to reveal the cosmogenic value in Antonio Blanco’s hotel approach by analogizing the architectural vocabulary into the linguistic system as Jencks mention in his book “The Language of Postmodern Architecture”. The issue of genius loci concept of cosmos also discusses to be coherent with the idea of cosmos in contemporary science. In related to architecture design, and a new way to re-define cosmos in contemporary Balinese architecture