Ideal Society Research Articles

Espacios utópicos y utopía en la Edad Media: tres reescrituras de la Collatio Alexandri cum Dindimo per litteras facta

In three rewritings of some passages from the Collatio Alexandri cum Dindimo per litteras facta, contained in the Libro de los ejemplos por a.b.c., the Cancionero d’Herberay des Essarts and Mandeville’s Libro de las maravillas del mundo, a model of society is presented which, because of the perfection of its members or its ideal organisation, has been related to utopia. This paper questions whether the mere description of an ideal society is sufficient to consider a text as utopian, and raises the importance of taking into account its formal aspects, as well as the context in which the text is inserted and the horizon of expectations of its recipients. These parameters contribute to understanding the extent to which a text, in addition to describing an ideal society, presents it as an inverted mirror of the readers’ society, thus endowing the description with the critical component that is fundamental to any utopian text.

The Structure of the Ideal Society in “the Book of the Body Politic” of Christine de Pizan (1406—1407)

The article examines the social model of the ideal state found in the treatise of Christine de Pizan “The Book of the Body Politic” (1406—1407). In the times when the political philosophy of modernity didn’t have its own political language, the French writer of the 15th century offers readers a model of a just state, which is ruled by an educated and pious monarch, surrounded by wise advisers. This treatise is structured around the concept of the body politic and it combines different literary traditions, instructing chivalry, discussing different forms of government and describing social groups of the third estate. Christine de Pizan’s social model for the first time grants the third estate some political subjectivity, allows to act as a full participant in political processes: in the third estate the author sees supporting royalist forces. The image of an ideal society outlined in the “Book of the Body Politic” is one of the first speculative political and philosophical models of the state proposed by humanist intellectuals of the 15th — 16th centuries.

Autoridad y poder en la filosofía práctica de al-Fārābī

Al-Fārābī is responsible for laying the foundations of political philosophy in the lands of islam. In The virtous city, his key political text, the notion of “authority” (riyasa) occupies a central rol as it explains that, from its union with the agent intellect, virtous actions are projected onto citizens by which civic order is ensured and happiness is achieved as the ultimate goal of the ideal society. In this paper we will analyze the ways in which such actions are engendered in citizens through the concepts of “kingly crafts” (al-mihan al-malakiya) and “[royal] power” (al-mulk) understood as faculties of the “authority” (riyasa) and attending to its role in the configuration of the “virtous city” and in the general framework of al-Fārābī’s political thought.

Abstract or Concrete Utopia? Concerning the Ideal Society in Chinese Philosophy and Culture

In seeking an appropriate approach to the ideal society in Chinese thought, the present study comprises two main parts. The first part deals with a debate in Chinese philosophy concerning the possibility of an inner or immanent transcendence as a way of defining Chinese culture. As this debate unfolded, it became clear that Chinese philosophers—especially on the mainland—do not regard the transcendent–immanent distinction as applicable to Chinese culture and philosophy. In short, this culture and its philosophy simply has no need for transcendence. Instead, other terms are needed, especially those drawn from a tradition that “secularised” them many millennia ago: moral cultivation, regeneration, home, and intimacy. In this light, the second part of the study deals with two approaches to the ideal society: the Confucian “Great Harmony [大同 datong]” and the short story “Peach Blossom Spring [桃花源 taohuayuan]”. These terms are mediated by a treatment of the “Three Worlds Theory [三世说 sanshishuo]”, developed most fully by He Xiu (129–82 CE). The outcome of this investigation is that the ideal society is very much part of this world. It can be known only through direct observation, empirical investigation, and it is achievable only by detailed planning. It is nothing less than home.

RELEVANSI KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM AL-GHAZALI TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM KONTEMPORER

The development agenda of a nation, especially in the field of education, will never stop and be finished. This is because education is an ongoing process, which will always exist and develop according to the dynamics of people's lives. Education plays a very important role in the formation of human identity. Through education, each individual is guided and fostered to realize the ideal society that is aspired to through education. It is not an easy job, along with the development of human life which is increasingly complex, the act of educational and scientific innovation becomes urgent which is of course adapted to the times. The purpose of national education leads to the formation of four aspects, namely, religious aspects, moral aspects, intellectual aspects, and national aspects. All these aspects are realized in order to form a complete and complete human being. At the field level, religious aspects and aspects of morality are wrongly captured by Religious Education. The role of Islamic religious education in achieving the goals of national education is very strategic, because the objectives of Islamic religious education are an integral part of the goals of national education. logistically, that the goals of National Education will be achieved if the goals of Islamic education have been achieved first. The vision of Islamic religious education is a source of values and guidelines in the development and implementation of educational programs in order to help students who have quality, personality, faith, and piety.

Understanding Radicalization: Terrorist Behavior at odds with Pancasila

The dynamics life of society is constantly changing, both positively and negatively. The loss of high moral standards and ideals in society, particularly the implementation of the Pancasila values, can result in negative changes. The growth of radicalism and the frequent occurrence of terrorist actions in Indonesia are two examples of how Pancasila values are eroding. These are some of the goals of this activity: First, spreading knowledge about terrorism, radicalism, and their relationship as they conflict with Pancasila ideals Second, raise people's knowledge and awareness of the risks posed by terrorism and radicalism. Third, promote understanding of radicalism and terrorist acts through socialization. Students in class XII IPS 3 SMA Negeri 1 Medan will be exposed to information on radicalism, terrorism, and other behaviors that are against Pancasila ideals through lectures and discussions. Results from socialization activities revealed that pupils had a positive mindset. The socialization participants thought that this exercise could raise knowledge and awareness of the risks associated with radicalization and terrorist acts that are at odds with Pancasila ideals. Evidently, socialization participants are dedicated to making an effort to incorporate Pancasila values into their daily life.

INTEGRATION OF LEGAL AND MORAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ACADEMIC INTEGRITY OF THE FUTURE MANAGER OF EDUCATION

This article examines a modern acute problem: the formation of academic integrity of future educational managers, who must not only learn the essence of the current laws of Ukraine regarding the protection of intellectual property and copyright during their studies in domestic specialized institutions of higher education. First of all, they must acquire a reputation, authority, even an aura of a kind of respectability of the image of a teacher-leader (a teacher is also for a team of colleagues, parents, and not only for pupils, students), which is important not only for themselves – as managers of pedagogical affairs, but also for pupils and students. – for your successful career. Therefore, they will have weight for valuable in science, because they are original, their author's possessions (as well as in high art) – material manifestations of individual imagination, so important from the point of view of authorship rights, intellectual property, and at the same time - from the point of view of morality: conscience, nobility , honesty, because all this integrally constitutes the true originality of the creative product, which is submitted to the review of the scientific and social public.
 Therefore, education of such personal traits can form a special kind of value competences of future managers of education – spiritual. And they will undoubtedly, over time, become characteristic not only of the most progressive educational and scientific community of Ukraine, but literally of the entire world.
 But the leitmotif of the article lies not in the utopian plane of ideal ideas about an ideal society, but in practical recommendations on methods of forming academic integrity in future educational managers. Thus, the assimilation by students of a whole series of laws of the current legislation of Ukraine on copyright and related to them, on copyright and protection of intellectual property should gradually, on education in the process of training and practice, be integrated in the minds of future managers, becoming a generator of the movement towards honest work for the good future generations.

Formation of a Patriotic Personality in the Educational Process of a Modern School Using the Means of Cossack Pedagogics

The article is devoted to the problem of patriotic upbringing of a growing personality and the disclosure of the role of Cossack pedagogy in this process. The author carried out an analysis of the study of the problem of patriotic education in scientific literature; the educational potential of Cossack pedagogy is emphasized, as it contributes to the formation of a nationally conscious personality, ready to defend the national interests of its state if necessary.
 The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of patriotic upbringing of a growing personality based on the heroic traditions of the Ukrainian Cossacks in the conditions of modern challenges.
 In the conditions of martial law, the education of a growing personality in the glorious traditions of Ukrainian Cossacks, the popularization of Cossack ideals in society becomes especially relevant. Cossack traditions, as the embodiment of national values, renew the modern educational process, fill it with patriotic content, strengthen the philosophy of the National School of Education, the Strategy of National Patriotic Education, and contribute to the formation of the Ukrainian-centric value sphere of the individual.
 In order to encourage schoolchildren to personal growth, motivation for self-realization, a healthy lifestyle, tempering of will and character, readiness to protect their land, priority areas of work are such as: studying the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, heroic traditions of brave knights and their popularization; organization of sports and health camps; creation of martial arts groups, etc.
 Among the features of the upbringing of a growing personality in the traditions of the Ukrainian Cossacks, we include the following: taking into account the age characteristics of students; careful selection of the content of such educational material, which will contribute to the development of the student's ability to willfully regulate his behavior, leadership qualities, perseverance, valuable national guidelines; use of the health-saving potential of the traditions of Cossack pedagogy in the realities of war (psychological support, work with stress, anxiety reduction, breathing practices, stimulation of positive emotions); reasonableness and systematicity in the application of Ukrainian Cossack traditions in the process of educational influence on students.

A Reasoning of Xunzi’s (荀子) State Governance Ideas: A Case Study on The Theory of Human Nature (Xing性)

Xunzi was a Chinese thinker who lived in the period of Warring States (480/403-222 BCE). He was critical of philosophical ideas in his time and brought forward ideas for establishing and preserving order in society. He created a state governance system in which rituals (li 禮) and law (fa 法) worked together. He reasoned his ideas on state governance and theories about an ideal society on his theories of human nature, and he has been criticized for his negative attributions to it. However, in the book bearing his name, Xunzi, it is seen that there are different presentations of his views on human nature. This article presents these different perspectives on Xunzi’s theory of human nature and shows why he attributed negative qualities to it. It offers a better understanding of the character of his theories, in this way, enlightens the way to a better understanding of his state governance ideas.

Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and the Contemporary Reality

This paper is an attempt to draw an outline of similitude by analyzing and comparing one of the critically acclaimed dystopian novels, Brave New World (1932) by Aldous Huxley, with the contemporary society. Although on the surface Huxley’s novel depicts an ideal fictional society, on delving deeper it is ascertained that it is a dystopia disguised under the garb of utopia. It explores the themes of genetic engineering, Pavlovian conditioning, consumerism, dissipation of science, and sexual promiscuity. while reflecting on the shifting concerns and angst of contemporary society. The novel prompts the readers to consider their own morals, convictions, and decisions in light of the fictitious social settings that Huxley has created. The crux of this paper is to trace the affinity between Huxley’s Brave New World and the contemporary world which has seen various forms of advancements in technology and behavioral modulations and has undergone numerous changes. Our journey towards Brave New World doesn’t seem like a far cry. Huxley broods over the fundamental issues hovering over mankind.

Critical analysis of Filipino TV's militarism and impact on societal awareness

In the digital age, militarisation, encompassing police power, soldiers, and various military resources, has become increasingly prevalent in various forms of Philippine media. Thus, "Multimedia Militarisation" best describes how Philippine media instills ideals and manipulates mass audiences to accept the status quo. Right-wing propaganda normalises violence and warfare. In this paper, the authors argue that TV series like "Ang Probinsyano," "The General's Daughter," and "A Soldier's Heart" have played a significant role in shaping social consciousness. They have influenced how people view military personnel and what is philosophically referred to as state apparatuses, which encompass the police, military, justice system, and prison system, along with their respective leaders, as integral members of an ideal society. Furthermore, the authors consider it essential to reference historical instances, such as Hitler's Nazi Germany and Marcosian Philippines, where propaganda played a pivotal role in manipulating social consciousness through the dissemination of false information. The study identifies three main themes: the glorification of the armed branch of government, the normalisation of violence, and the introduction of revolutionary ideology to the public. Finally, this paper adopts a social-historical approach and critically analyses the current state of the country's mainstream media, highlighting its reactionary implications. It emphasises how these media outlets air films that advocate for the necessity of militarisation, all in the context of the progress of Philippine society and the evolving definition of patriotism within a populist cultural setting.

Revisiting Inequality and Caste in State and Social Laws: Perspectives of Manu, Phule and Ambedkar

The Constitution, as a formal legal document, reflects a commitment to secure to all citizens, Equality, Justice, and Liberty, as a non-negotiable duty of the State. The nature and context of present society, however, is embedded in its socio-cultural development through civilisations. This study aims to engage with such a manifestation of state power as revealed in the text Manavdharmashastra, that marked the origin of codified social laws to derive legitimacy and establish a ‘divine’ authority to rule. Subsequently, the pioneers to critique the dysfunctions of Manu’s social laws became a subject of interrogation by social reformers like Jyotirao Phule and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. Methodologically, our effort will be to weave together an intertextual analysis based on scientific observation of the case of caste subaltern, through three widely acknowledged texts—Manusmriti, Phule’s Slavery (Gulamgiri), and Ambedkar’s Annihilation of Caste, on ideals of society and governance, in order to present a historical legacy into the origins of social hierarchy as an institutional mechanism to perpetuate inequality among subjects. The aim is to develop an approach to evaluate the ancient political thought of Manusmriti, and probe contradictions and realism in actions, with explicit excerpts of relevant texts, to authenticate the credibility of facts and its alignment with the central thought. The article eventually attempts to suggest alternatives to secure the vision of an ideal Indian society that aims to disintegrate the institution of caste.

The Future is Collapsing: Feminist Narratives of Unmaking in Laura Pugno and Veronica Raimo

While long ignored in the Italian panorama, in recent years science fiction and speculative fiction have seen a significant increase in the number of novels and critical analyses related to the two genres. Women writers are reclaiming a central spot in the fields in general, as exemplified by collapse and extinction narratives in particular. Laura Pugno’s Sirene (Mermaids, 2007) constitutes a significant example of such fiction. The work depicts a dystopic future, in which humans are facing extinction due to a dangerous cancer caused by pollution. While mermaids are immune to the disease, they are imprisoned by humans either for mermaid meat production or for sexual purposes. Veronica Raimo’s Miden (2018) has points in common with Pugno’s novel, even if from a (seemingly) utopian perspective. Miden is an ideal society that has flourished according to gender equality, happiness, and community principles. However, not too long after having moved there due to the economic (and moral) “Collapse” of their country, the main character and his partner are investigated by Miden’s society as the protagonist is accused of sexual violence. Both novels have been described by Marco Malvestio as eco-dystopias. Stemming from his definition, the paper investigates how both Sirene and Miden apply the concept of collapse as a key methodology in constructing their narratives. In this way, Pugno and Raimo collapse the human and nonhuman and the dystopia and utopia binaries. The paper argues that the authors follow a queer practice of unmaking theorised by Jack Halberstam, who stated that the only way forward is to unbuild, unmake, and collapse (2021).

Explore the Mutual Benefits of Studying the Rights of Sexual Minority People in Hong Kong Confucianism

This paper intends to investigate the mutual benefits of examining sexual minority people’s rights in Hong Kong and Confucianism. It has four objectives. Firstly, it aims to discuss the components of Confucianism. Secondly, it seeks to explore three strategies for promoting Confucianism: ‘Ren’, ‘Li’, and ‘Ideal Society’. Thirdly, it aims to demonstrate how analysing these strategies can enhance our understanding of the relationship between sexual minority rights in Hong Kong and Confucianism. To achieve this objective, it undertakes two analytical tasks: first, to evaluate criticisms of efforts aimed at strengthening sexual minority people’s rights in Hong Kong through the lens of these three strategies; and second, to assess the potential usefulness of these strategies in exploring the compatibility between the sexual minority people’s ways of life and Confucianism. Finally, the paper aims to examine how studying sexual minority people’s rights in Hong Kong can contribute to the discussion of the Confucian welfare model.

Peace In Islam In The Light Of The Holy Quran And Hadith

Islam is a peaceful, merciful, tolerant, and most kind religion. It is a divine religion. To advance and defend justice and peace, it confronts every cruelty, violence, and viciousness. The goal of the entire Islamic ethical system is to uphold society's overall state of peace, safety, and happiness. This code emphasizes unity and all righteous actions that promote peace and forbids any action that promote violence. Therefore, if the society's members follow Islamic ethics, they will surely experience peace, safety, and satisfaction. All Islamic moral principles result in a better individual who is an upright human being who possesses the admirable qualities of honesty, justice, courage, generosity, patience, and kindness. For Muslims and non-Muslims alike, justice and peace are necessary and important in all circumstances, whether one is joyful and satisfied or disturbed and dissatisfied. This paper focuses on how the holy Qur’an and the traditions of Prophet of Islam (PBUH) teach its followers to obey and uphold the divine laws so that everyone in the society feels safe and comfortable and also educate them to be kind and to like for others as wishes for themselves so that everyone in the society benefits. This paper concludes with the argument that Islam seeks to construct the ideal human society and brotherhood, spreading all-around goodness and divine direction among people for their benefit and betterment.

Basic Characteristics of Ideal Societies in the Works of Some Classic and Contemporary Social Utopians

Cilj rada je iznijeti pregled najvažnijih ideja o utopijama, potom analizirati i usporediti njihove najvažnije značajke, odnosno ukazati na što pojedini autori stavljaju naglasak u svojim idejama te naposljetku izraditi jednu komparativnu shemu iz uočenoga. Želi se također razmotriti što je to od ideje utopije ostalo danas. Prvo se poglavlje usredotočuje na antičke utopije, poglavito na Platona kao začetnika utopijske misli. Sljedeće poglavlje prati renesansne autore koji su pisali o idealnom društvu, počevši od Thomasa Morea, tvorca riječi utopija do Campanelle i Grada Sunca te naposljetku Bacona i Nove Atlantide. Potom slijedi poglavlje o idejama socijalnih utopista Saint-Simona, Owena te Fouriera. U posljednjem poglavlju razmatraju se i neke ideje suvremenih autora, poput Rawlsa i Bregmana. Na kraju je u zaključku prikazana shema koja na sinoptički način prikazuje temeljne elemente i najvažnije značajke utopija svakog od razmatranih autora te njihove sličnosti i razlike.

Anti-hero in The Seventh Day of Creation: A Campbellian Reading

From the mythological point of view, the hero of a literary text is an archetype in the collective unconscious who embodies the collective ideals of a culture while searching for his/her individual identity at the narrative level. In his seminal The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949), Joseph Campbell addresses the archetypal function of the hero in three main stages: departure, initiation, and return. Drawing on Campbell’s model, this study examines the journey of the hero in the second storyline of The Seventh Day of Creation, i.e., Al-Sirah al-Mutlaqiyeh. Sirah al-Zatiyeh is a sequence to another study by same authors that examined the first storyline of the novel (Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh) with regard to the author’s personality and individuation. Proceeding from the analysis of Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh, this study considers Mutlaq as an antihero based on Campbell’s model and identifies a Hegelian dialectic relationship between the two storylines of the novel. Al-Sirah al-Zatiyeh and Al-Sirah al-Mutlaqiyeh, which respectively represent the individual code and the social code, are designed to showcase an ideal Iraqi society. More precisely, highlighting the opposition in the two main parts of the narrative points at the movement and dynamism desired by the author for changing the future of the country.

Religion and Religious Education on the Journey to the Ideal Society

Religion and Religious Education on the Journey to the Ideal Society

Book Review: The Third Eye and Other Works: Mahatma Phule’s Writings on Education by Rohini Mokashi-Punekar

The Third Eye and Other Works: Mahatma Phule’s Writings on Education by Rohini Mokashi-Punekar begins with a forward, written by Bhalchandra Nemade, which claims that Phule was a rebel who fought against Brahminical hegemony and their self-made Hindu social order. This book is divided into seven sections, although there are no chapter numbers or an introduction or conclusion, as are typically found in academic texts. The book offers a critical examination of Phule’s original writings and social reform activism in order to comprehend the current educational system and social structure from India’s subaltern class perspective. Historically ingrained social and educational inequality is still persistent in India, which hinders the state’s educational growth of women and lower castes. This book gives a historical analysis of the dilemma of pervasive educational inequality and its effect on society. Punekar (2023) has been chosen as a case study amongst all historical figures in Indian history and discovered that due to his unconventional ideas, real-world actions, first-hand knowledge, and efforts to achieve comprehensive education for all, which makes him unique. The author has presented a critical analysis of the socio-political situation of ‘Shudratishudra’, women, and Muslims based on an analysis of Phule’s original writings. The analysis reveals Brahminical exploitation of these groups as well as how British Administrative policies enabled the Brahmin elites to maintain their hegemony. The book has shed light on the struggles and hardships endured in order to construct his ideal society, known as ‘Balistan’ (p.4-11), which is free from oppression and exploitation but founded on science, reason, equality, and freedom.

Vegetarianism without vegetarians: Caste ideology and the politics of food in India

Climate change debates have helped frame vegetarianism as a conscientious choice across the globe and also projected India as a shining example of vegetarianism. Before this Euro-American vegetarians had long romanticized India as an ideal vegetarian society, and have assumed it to be based on progressive ethics. This article challenges such assumptions and complicates the Euro-American association of vegetarian dietary preferences with the ethical concerns of virtue, animal welfare, and sustainability. We contend that neither is India a vegetarian society nor is mainstream vegetarianism in contemporary India based on progressive ethics. We use in-depth interviews and extensive news reports to show that vegetarianism in India is a majoritarian political ideology associated with caste-based discrimination and violence, making it inimical to notions of non-violence, equality, and freedom. Majoritarian vegetarianism in contemporary India aims to conserve the caste system and its attendant inequalities. This study traces the ideological and repressive state apparatuses through which the fantasy and norms of vegetarianism are propped up in contemporary India. We argue that an uncritical acceptance of mainstream vegetarianism in contemporary India as a benevolent cultural preference whitewashes its discriminatory and violent nature, helps the caste system persist, and can undermine the well-being and nutritional outcomes of a majority of the Indian population especially those from non-elite social groups that have historically been omnivorous.